The North Pole

The North Pole PDF

Author: Robert E. Peary

Publisher: DigiCat

Published: 2022-05-28

Total Pages: 297

ISBN-13:

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The North Pole is a book by Robert E. Peary. It presents the discovery of The North Pole in 1909 under the auspices of the Peary Arctic Club in colorful fashion.

The Cook and Peary Expeditions

The Cook and Peary Expeditions PDF

Author: Charles River Charles River Editors

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2018-04-08

Total Pages: 50

ISBN-13: 9781987617313

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*Includes pictures *Includes contemporary accounts *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading "I have stated my case, presented my proofs. As to the relative merits of my claim, and Mr Peary's, place the two records side by side. Compare them. I shall be satisfied with your decision." - Frederick Albert Cook "Whatever the truth is, the situation is as wonderful as the Pole, and whatever they found there, those explorers, they have left there a story as great as a continent." - Lincoln Steffens It is the dreamland of most children in Europe and the Americas, and the mysterious home of the mythical Santa Claus, his devoted wife Mrs. Claus, the reindeer and the many elves who make Christmas toys each year. In many ways, the North Pole is the first geographical location many kids learn, if only because children over the age of 3 can manage to tell any interested adult that Santa Claus lives there. In reality, of course, the North Pole proved to be as elusive for many brave explorers as jolly old Santa has been for children who wait up at night by the chimney. The biggest problem, of course, is the North Pole's unforgiving location, far from sunshine or any sort of natural warmth. Another problem, one that would only became obvious in the 20th Century, was that it is located not on any piece of stable land but in the middle of the Arctic Ocean, usually covered by ever shifting ice floes. Finally, without modern technological advances, it was nearly impossible to tell when one has actually reached the planet's northernmost spot. The controversy truly began on September 1, 1909, when the New York Herald printed a headline that told readers, "The North Pole is Discovered by Doctor Frederick A. Cook." By mid-1909, almost everyone in the polar establishment believed that Frederick Cook was dead, since his expedition had not been seen or heard of for a year. Then, suddenly, the New York Herald broke the news - the indestructible Cook had returned to civilization, and what's more, he had reached the North Pole. The newspapers hailed it as a great American achievement, and overnight Cook found himself a hero and a major celebrity. However, less than a week later, on September 7, 1909, a rival newspaper, the New York Times, published their own version: "Peary Discovers the North Pole After Eight Trials in 23 Years." Who was to be believed? The physical characteristics of the North Pole were known to none, so no viable comparisons could be made, and since the North Pole lay on a shifting continent of ice, its position might be in one place today and another tomorrow. This has led to more than one argument about who actually made it and who did not; as historian E. Myles Standish put it, "Anyone who is acquainted with the facts and has any amount of logical reasoning can not avoid the conclusion that neither Cook, nor Peary, nor Byrd reached the North Pole; and they all knew it." Those sentiments were echoed by Canadian explorer Richard Weber, who asserted, "We came to the conclusion that Peary never got anywhere near the Pole. On the ice, everything looks the same. I'm afraid we'd have been lost without a global positioning system." The Cook and Peary Expeditions: The History and Legacy of the Controversy over Who Reached the North Pole First chronicles the groundbreaking expeditions. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about the expeditions like never before.

True North: Peary, Cook, and the Race to the Pole

True North: Peary, Cook, and the Race to the Pole PDF

Author: Bruce Henderson

Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company

Published: 2006-02-17

Total Pages: 341

ISBN-13: 0393344665

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"Nail-biting true adventure."--Kirkus Reviews In 1909, two men laid rival claims to this crown jewel of exploration. A century later, the battle rages still. This book is about one of the most enduring and vitriolic feuds in the history of exploration. "What a consummate cur he is," said Robert Peary of Frederick Cook in 1911. Cook responded, "Peary has stooped to every crime from rape to murder." They had started out as friends and shipmates, with Cook, a doctor, accompanying Peary, a civil engineer, on an expedition to northern Greenland in 1891. Peary's leg was shattered in an accident, and without Cook's care he might never have walked again. But by the summer of 1909, all the goodwill was gone. Peary said he had reached the Pole in September 1909; Cook scooped him, presenting evidence that he had gotten there in 1908. Bruce Henderson makes a wonderful narrative out of the claims and counterclaims, and he introduces fascinating scientific and psychological evidence to put the appalling details of polar travel in a new context.

Robert Peary vs. Frederick Cook

Robert Peary vs. Frederick Cook PDF

Author: Ellis Roxburgh

Publisher: Gareth Stevens Publishing LLLP

Published: 2015-12-15

Total Pages: 50

ISBN-13: 1482442345

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When explorer Robert Peary returned from reaching the North Pole in 1909—his third attempt—he was shocked to learn Dr. Frederick Cook claimed to have reached it nearly a whole year before him. Both men’s assertions are now in doubt! That doesn’t make this exciting account of the race to the North Pole any less fascinating. Readers will immerse themselves in the world of Arctic exploration and all that entailed at the beginning of the 20th century, including adopting Inuit customs. Quotations from each explorer, a timeline, and photographs of the people and places involved in this intense rivalry will cast light on the controversial competition.

Cook & Peary

Cook & Peary PDF

Author: Robert M. Bryce

Publisher: Mechanicsburg, PA : Stackpole Books

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 1160

ISBN-13:

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Not just the final word on what Cook and Peary did and did not do, but is also a full, fair examination of their lives. A finely drawn picture of the last days of the great expeditions, when explorers willingly risked their lives in pursuit of intangible and impossible goals.

Peary's Arctic Quest

Peary's Arctic Quest PDF

Author: Susan Kaplan

Publisher: Down East Books

Published: 2019-06-01

Total Pages: 209

ISBN-13: 1608936449

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This richly illustrated book takes a different angle on Robert E. Peary’s North Pole expedition. By shifting the focus away from the unanswerable question of whether he truly reached 90º North Latitude, the authors shed light on equally important stories and discoveries that arose as a result of the infamous expedition. Peary's Arctic Quest ventures beyond the well-cited story of Peary’s expedition and uncovers the truth about race relations, womens’ scientific contributions, and climate change that are still relevant today. Readers will gain a greater appreciation for Peary’s methodical and creative mind, the Inughuit’s significant contributions to Arctic exploration, and the impact of Western expedition activity on the Inughuit community. The volume will also feature artifacts, drawings, and historic photographs with informative captions to tell little-known stories about Peary’s 1908-1909 North Pole expedition.

The North Pole: Its Discovery in 1909 Under the Auspices of the Peary Arctic Club

The North Pole: Its Discovery in 1909 Under the Auspices of the Peary Arctic Club PDF

Author: Robert Edwin Peary

Publisher: Library of Alexandria

Published: 1986

Total Pages: 483

ISBN-13: 1465553282

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It may not be inapt to liken the attainment of the North Pole to the winning of a game of chess, in which all the various moves leading to a favorable conclusion had been planned in advance, long before the actual game began. It was an old game for me—a game which I had been playing for twenty-three years, with varying fortunes. Always, it is true, I had been beaten, but with every defeat came fresh knowledge of the game, its intricacies, its difficulties, its subtleties, and with every fresh attempt success came a trifle nearer; what had before appeared either impossible, or, at the best, extremely dubious, began to take on an aspect of possibility, and, at last, even of probability. Every defeat was analyzed as to its causes in all their bearings, until it became possible to believe that those causes could in future be guarded against and that, with a fair amount of good fortune, the losing game of nearly a quarter of a century could be turned into one final, complete success. It is true that with this conclusion many well informed and intelligent persons saw fit to differ. But many others shared my views and gave without stint their sympathy and their help, and now, in the end, one of my greatest unalloyed pleasures is to know that their confidence, subjected as it was to many trials, was not misplaced, that their trust, their belief in me and in the mission to which the best years of my life have been given, have been abundantly justified. But while it is true that so far as plan and method are concerned the discovery of the North Pole may fairly be likened to a game of chess, there is, of course, this obvious difference: in chess, brains are matched against brains. In the quest of the Pole it was a struggle of human brains and persistence against the blind, brute forces of the elements of primeval matter, acting often under laws and impulses almost unknown or but little understood by us, and thus many times seemingly capricious, freaky, not to be foretold with any degree of certainty. For this reason, while it was possible to plan, before the hour of sailing from New York, the principal moves of the attack upon the frozen North, it was not possible to anticipate all of the moves of the adversary. Had this been possible, my expedition of 1905-1906, which established the then "farthest north" record of 87° 6´, would have reached the Pole. But everybody familiar with the records of that expedition knows that its complete success was frustrated by one of those unforeseen moves of our great adversary—in that a season of unusually violent and continued winds disrupted the polar pack, separating me from my supporting parties, with insufficient supplies, so that, when almost within striking distance of the goal, it was necessary to turn back because of the imminent peril of starvation. When victory seemed at last almost within reach, I was blocked by a move which could not possibly have been foreseen, and which, when I encountered it, I was helpless to meet. And, as is well known, I and those with me were not only checkmated but very nearly lost our lives as well. But all that is now as a tale that is told. This time it is a different and perhaps a more inspiring story, though the records of gallant defeat are not without their inspiration. And the point which it seems fit to make in the beginning is that success crowned the efforts of years because strength came from repeated defeats, wisdom from earlier error, experience from inexperience, and determination from them all.

The Great Polar Fraud

The Great Polar Fraud PDF

Author: Anthony Galvin

Publisher: Simon and Schuster

Published: 2014-11-18

Total Pages: 404

ISBN-13: 1629149683

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In 1910 Roald Amundsen set off from Oslo toward the North Pole but soon received word that two Americans—Frederick Cook and Robert Peary—each claimed to have reached the Pole ahead of him. Devastated, Amundsen famously went south. For years Cook and Peary tried to convince the world of their claims. Finally the National Geographic Society endorsed Peary, and the matter seemed settled. In May 1926 an American airman, Richard Byrd, flew north in a three-engine plane, and returned with a log showing that he had flow exactly over the geographical North Pole, becoming the third man to reach that mythical spot. National Geographic again supported the claim. However, it is now obvious that Peary claimed distances he could not possibly have achieved, and it is doubtful that Cooke, who had a history of fraud, ever got even close to the pole. Byrd flew further north than anyone before, but he did not have the fuel to have made the journey he claimed—his log was falsified. Just three days after Byrd’s flight, Amundsen reenters the story on an airship traveling across the pole from Svalbard to Alaska, unknowingly passing directly over the pole, becoming the true first to reach it—just as he had been the first at the South Pole. The Great Polar Fraud explores the history of the three men who claimed the pole, their claims, and the subsequent doubts of those claims, effectively rewriting the history of polar exploration and putting Amundsen center stage as the rightful conqueror of both poles. Skyhorse Publishing, as well as our Arcade imprint, are proud to publish a broad range of books for readers interested in history--books about World War II, the Third Reich, Hitler and his henchmen, the JFK assassination, conspiracies, the American Civil War, the American Revolution, gladiators, Vikings, ancient Rome, medieval times, the old West, and much more. While not every title we publish becomes a New York Times bestseller or a national bestseller, we are committed to books on subjects that are sometimes overlooked and to authors whose work might not otherwise find a home.