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Salt and the Colombian State

Author: Joshua M. Rosenthal

Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Pre

Published: 2014-08-23

Total Pages: 235

ISBN-13: 0822977982

In republican Colombia, salt became an important source of revenue not just to individuals, but to the state, which levied taxes on it and in some cases controlled and profited from its production. The salt trade consistently accounted for roughly 10 percent of government income. In the town of La Salina de Chita, in Boyaca province, thermal springs offered vast amounts of salt, and its procurement and distribution was placed under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance. Focusing his study on La Salina, Joshua M. Rosenthal presents a fascinating glimpse into the workings of the early Colombian state, its institutions, and their interactions with local citizens during this formative period. Although historians have cited the state's weakness and, in many cases, its absence in local affairs, Rosenthal counters these assumptions by documenting the primary role the state held in administering contracts, inspections, land rights, labor, and trade in La Salina, contending that this was not an isolated incident. He also uncovers the frequent interaction between the state and local residents, who used the state's liberal rhetoric to gain personal economic advantage. Seen through the lens of the administration of La Salina's saltworks, Rosenthal provides a firsthand account of the role of local institutions and fiscal management in the larger process of state building. His study offers new perspectives on the complex network of republican Colombia's political culture and its involvement in provincial life across the nation.

Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2010-10-14

Total Pages: 507

ISBN-13: 0309155886

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Reducing the intake of sodium is an important public health goal for Americans. Since the 1970s, an array of public health interventions and national dietary guidelines has sought to reduce sodium intake. However, the U.S. population still consumes more sodium than is recommended, placing individuals at risk for diseases related to elevated blood pressure. Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States evaluates and makes recommendations about strategies that could be implemented to reduce dietary sodium intake to levels recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The book reviews past and ongoing efforts to reduce the sodium content of the food supply and to motivate consumers to change behavior. Based on past lessons learned, the book makes recommendations for future initiatives. It is an excellent resource for federal and state public health officials, the processed food and food service industries, health care professionals, consumer advocacy groups, and academic researchers.

Salt

Author: Mark Kurlansky

Publisher: Vintage Canada

Published: 2011-03-18

Total Pages: 490

ISBN-13: 030736979X

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From the award-winning and bestselling author of Cod comes the dramatic, human story of a simple substance, an element almost as vital as water, that has created fortunes, provoked revolutions, directed economies and enlivened our recipes. Salt is common, easy to obtain and inexpensive. It is the stuff of kitchens and cooking. Yet trade routes were established, alliances built and empires secured – all for something that filled the oceans, bubbled up from springs, formed crusts in lake beds, and thickly veined a large part of the Earth’s rock fairly close to the surface. From pre-history until just a century ago – when the mysteries of salt were revealed by modern chemistry and geology – no one knew that salt was virtually everywhere. Accordingly, it was one of the most sought-after commodities in human history. Even today, salt is a major industry. Canada, Kurlansky tells us, is the world’s sixth largest salt producer, with salt works in Ontario playing a major role in satisfying the Americans’ insatiable demand. As he did in his highly acclaimed Cod, Mark Kurlansky once again illuminates the big picture by focusing on one seemingly modest detail. In the process, the world is revealed as never before.

Salt & Straw Ice Cream Cookbook

Author: Tyler Malek

Publisher: Clarkson Potter

Published: 2019-04-30

Total Pages: 242

ISBN-13: 1524760153

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Using a simple five-minute base recipe, you can make the “brilliant” (Andrew Zimmern), “astonishingly good” (Ruth Reichl) flavors of the innovative “ice cream gods” (Bon Appétit) Salt & Straw at home. NAMED ONE OF THE BEST COOKBOOKS OF THE SEASON BY Eater • Delish • Epicurious Based out of Portland, Oregon, Salt & Straw is the brainchild of two cousins, Tyler and Kim Malek, who had a vision but no recipes. They turned to their friends for advice—chefs, chocolatiers, brewers, and food experts of all kinds—and what came out is a super-simple base that takes five minutes to make, and an ice cream company that sees new flavors and inspiration everywhere they look. Using that base recipe, you can make dozens of Salt & Straw’s most beloved, unique (and a little controversial) flavors, including Sea Salt with Caramel Ribbons, Roasted Strawberry and Toasted White Chocolate, and Buttered Mashed Potatoes and Gravy. But more importantly, this book reveals what they’ve learned, how to tap your own creativity, and how to invent flavors of your own, based on whatever you see around you. Because ice cream isn’t just a thing you eat, it’s a way to live. Praise for Salt & Straw Ice Cream Cookbook “Making ice cream at home is already enough of a mental hurdle. . . . Salt & Straw is out to prove us wrong with a new cookbook . . . making crazy ice cream flavors is more than doable—it’s addictive.”—Portland Monthly “The approachable, you-can-do-this nature of the book should be all that home cooks need to try it out.”—Eater “I originally sought out this book solely because of the Meyer Lemon Blueberry Buttermilk Custard. . . . It is the greatest ice cream flavor that’s ever existed and, because it’s only a seasonal flavor in their stores, I needed the recipe so I could make it whenever I wanted.”—Bon Appétit “A cookbook dedicated to ice cream? Yes, please. This is essential reading for Salt & Straw fans.”—Food & Wine “Few of America’s many ice cream makers are as seasonally minded and downright creative as Salt & Straw co-founder Tyler Malek.”—GrubStreet

Salt Dreams

Author: William DeBuys

Publisher: UNM Press

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 412

ISBN-13: 9780826324283

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A history of the Salton Sea, which has become a prophetic story of mounting environmental crises that impinge on the water supply of southern California's sixteen million people.

Salt Essentials

Author: Craig Sebenik

Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."

Published: 2015-06-15

Total Pages: 178

ISBN-13: 1491919647

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Get a complete introduction to Salt, the widely used Python-based configuration management and remote execution tool. This practical guide not only shows system administrators how to manage complex infrastructures with Salt, but also teaches developers how to use Salt to deploy and manage their applications. Written by two Salt experts, this book provides the information you need to deploy Salt in a production infrastructure right away. You’ll also learn how to customize Salt and use salt-cloud to manage your virtualization. If you have experience with Linux and data formats such as JSON or XML, you’re ready to get started. Understand what Salt can do, and get a high-level overview of basic commands Learn how execution modules let you interact with many systems at once Use states to define how you want a host or a set of hosts to look Dive into grains and pillars, Salt’s basic data elements Control your infrastructure programmatically by extending Salt Master’s functionality Extend Salt with custom modules, the Jinja templating language, and Python scripts

Estimates of Federal Tax Expenditures

Author: United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation

Publisher:

Published: 1976

Total Pages: 12

ISBN-13:

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Bread and Salt

Author: R. E. F. Smith

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1984

Total Pages: 426

ISBN-13: 9780521258128

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Bread and Salt - a literal translation of the Russian word for hospitality - explores the social and economic implications of eating and drinking in Russia in the thousand years before 1900. Eating and drinking are viewed here as social activities which involves the economics of production, storage and distribution of food stuffs. These activities attract both social controls and state taxation; in this way the everyday process of eating and drinking is linked with the history of Russia. The dominance of grain in the diet throughout the period and the importance of salt, as implied in the title, are dealt with, as are the early Russian beer-drinking fraternities. The relatively late introduction of spirits, in the from of vodka, and it disastrous consequences in social terms are described. Tea and the samovar, also much more a latecomer than is generally realized, did little to diminish excessive drinking. Drinking, in any event, was by no means discourage by the state, since it was a major source of state income. The final section of the book looks at rural diets in the nineteenth century, when some variation and new items, such as the potato, became important. At the same time, peasants depended basically on the grain crop, as they had for thousands of years. Forced by txation to enter the market, afflicted by severe famines towards the end of the century, many peasants ate and drank no better as a result of the modernization of the county.

Salt Cookbook

Author: Anirban Saha

Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd

Published: 2015-07-27

Total Pages: 350

ISBN-13: 1784397423

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Salt has become one of the major players in automation and configuration management solutions. This book starts with the basics of the tool, the procedures to get up and running with Salt and then moves on to configuring very simple but important details to receive optimal performance from the tool. It also walks you through Salt configurations for different infrastructure components and the details of the Salt modules for each of the components. The book also provides some common problem scenarios and how to troubleshoot them. With detailed configuration, their explanation and command line outputs of the module execution, Salt Cookbook will help you to get up and running with Salt for all your infrastructural needs.

Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts Properties, Selection, and Use

Author: P. Heinrich Stahl

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2008-08-04

Total Pages: 392

ISBN-13: 9783906390581

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This comprehensive up-to-date guide and information source is an instructive companion for all scientists involved in research and development of drugs and, in particular, of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The editors have taken care to address every conceivable aspect of the preparation of pharmaceutical salts and present the necessary theoretical foundations as well as a wealth of detailed practical experience in the choice of pharmaceutically active salts. Altogether, the contributions reflect the multidisciplinary nature of the science involved in selection of suitable salt forms for new drug products.