Lanterna Rally

Author: James Connelly

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 409

ISBN-13: 9780494389980

Diversity of perspective, whether it be social, cultural, or historical in nature, poses serious challenges to any philosophy of language which hopes to accommodate the notion that linguistic meanings can both be objective (and so sustain important distinctions between correctness and incorrectness, truth and falsity), while nevertheless accounting for successful communication across contexts of utterance. In this dissertation, the goal will be to assess the respective prospects of two distinct methodological approaches to the study of semantic content (each figuring prominently within the history of analytic philosophy) as approaches to these aforementioned challenges. The first of these, which I refer to as the 'logistical' approach, is characterized by the employment of technical, function-theoretic, logical analysis designed to resolve semantic puzzles which emerge characteristically in connection with a set of broadly 'classical realist' metaphysical and semantic assumptions. Such assumptions would include, for instance, that the meanings of words are to be identified with cognitive, external, or abstract Platonic objects. The principle though not exclusive proponents of this approach are the three great early analytic philosophers (that is Frege, Russell, and the early Wittgenstein). The second of the two approaches, which I term the 'phenomenological,' advocates, by contrast, careful inspection and detailed description of our actual linguistic practices, along with general features of the circumstances in which they are situated, the aim of such description being to dissolve the aforementioned puzzles by showing them to derive from key misunderstandings of these practices and circumstances (including those emblematic of 'classical realism' and alluded to above). The principle proponent here is the later Wittgenstein. Expanding upon the work of Wittgenstein, I argue that considerations related to the nature of rule-following and private language decisively recommend the latter methodology over the former, in particular because these considerations demand that we identify linguistic meanings with the disciplined uses of words within proto-typically social linguistic practices. I then in turn attempt to apply the recommended methodology to an interrelated set of problems prominent within the analytic tradition of philosophical semantics, pertaining in particular to singular terms, concepts, propositions, content ascriptions, semantic normativity, and truth.