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Value creation by private equity-backed IPOs. Underpricing and long-term performance in Germany

Author: Matthias Hetzenecker

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2020-11-19

Total Pages: 76

ISBN-13: 3346299635

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Review of Business Studies, grade: 1,0, University of applied Sciences Regensburg, language: English, abstract: This paper examines value creation by private equity-backed IPOs. It gives detailed insights on a mostly US-based research topic analyzing 134 German IPOs from 2002 to 2018, of which 49 were identified as PE-backed, and contributes empirical evidence on the discussion of private equity value creation. The empirical results provide detailed information on whether private equity financing can be a suitable financing source for companies by comparing and analyzing the performance differences between IPOs of companies with and without private equity sponsors. Furthermore, the paper provides empirical evidence on the IPO phenomena of underpricing and negative long-term performance for Germany, differentiating itself from former studies in terms of a broader time horizon and an extensive return calculation methodology. Since the locust swarms debate initiated by SPD politician Franz Müntefering, private equity investors have had to struggle with an extremely bad reputation in Germany. Unpopular measures such as company divestures or mass redundancies to achieve set turnover and return targets reinforce the negative image of financial investors. Accordingly, investor and business magnate Warren Buffet criticized that businesses under private equity control become a piece of merchandise. Nonetheless, the private equity industry continues to boom, reaching new records in terms of global business volume and transactions. Under these circumstances and new evolving discussions, it is essential to take a close look at the business model of private equity firms and to analyze potential short- and long-term value creation in their portfolio companies.

Private Equity in Germany

Author: Thorsten Gröne

Publisher: ibidem-Verlag / ibidem Press

Published: 2012-02-13

Total Pages: 112

ISBN-13: 3838256204

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This study evaluates the value generation potential of private equity for German mid-cap companies. A discussion of the private equity industry and the analysis of the value generation levers serve as a basis to further explore private equity value generation in the German market. First, the special features of German mid-cap companies are examined with a special focus on their financing needs. Second, the German private equity market is introduced and its differentiating features are revealed. The comparison of the findings assesses the general suitability of private equity as a financing option for German mid-cap companies and suggests that many mid-cap companies are not (yet) suited for private equity investments. Finally, the applicability of the identified value generation levers on the German mid-cap segment is analyzed with the help of a conceptual framework in order to evaluate the value generation potential. The results show that the traditional value generation levers are applicable but have to be adjusted with respect to national differences. Private equity associations have to specifically address the strong social considerations in the German business culture and the traditional unity of management, ownership, and supervision in the mid-cap segment in order to realize high rates of return. Anecdotal and recent empirical evidence indicates the relevance of many theoretical conclusions.

Performance of Private Equity-Backed IPOs. Evidence from the UK After the Financial Crisis

Author: Dustin Martin Brandt

Publisher: Igel

Published: 2019-12-16

Total Pages: 130

ISBN-13: 9783954853694

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This study aims to analyse whether PE-backed IPOs in the UK in a post-financial crisis period retain to show first day underpricing, as it is true for average IPOs. However, more importantly is to find whether consisent with Johannson (2011), who found that European PE-backed IPOs have less underpricing, 4.67% compared to 16.40% in case of average IPOs, in paricular PE-backed IPOs in the UK show less underpricing than their non-backed counterparts. In the past, that is found true for PE-backed IPOs on the LSE between 1992 and 2005, and PE-backed IPOs on the LSE and the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) between 2011 and 2011. Hence, the first research question is: Do PE-backed IPOs in the UK show less underpricing on the initial day than non-sponsor backed IPOs in a post-financial crisis period? And secondly, do PE-backed IPOs in the UK in the long-run outperform non-sponsor backed IPOs in post-financial crisis period? One rationale is to examine whether equity markets experienced structural changes which might potentially affect the performance of PE-backed IPOs, which were deemed as such with superior returns. From a practical perspective, this study aims to make a contribution to investors who consider investing in equities in that sense, that it allows to better understand the aftermarket performance of PE-backed IPOs in the UK in a period after a major global financial crisis.

Private equity investments from the investor’s and the issuing companies’ point of view

Author: Anne-Kristin Rademacher

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2013-04-29

Total Pages: 30

ISBN-13: 3656422419

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Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3, University of Applied Sciences Essen, language: English, abstract: The paper on hand aims at analyzing the financial model private equity from participants’ point of view. The introduction has shown the importance for the overall economy. Questions of the paper are: what are the criteria for successful investments for both parties; what are the advantages respectively difficulties from the perspectives of investors and issuers of private equity? In order to systematically approach the questions the author first provides the fundamentals of the concept. In a second step benefits and risks for the participants in private equity investments will be described. A simultaneous assessment of these will result in an overview reflecting potential profits and losses. The analysis focusses on theoretical descriptions; practical applications will not be considered. Information and data gathering is based on secondary literature.

IPOs of Venture Capital Backed Ventures

Author: Christian Mehrer

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2003-11-02

Total Pages: 40

ISBN-13: 3638231372

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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2002 im Fachbereich BWL - Investition und Finanzierung, Note: 1,3, European Business School - Internationale Universität Schloß Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel (-), Veranstaltung: Seminar des Wahlpflichtfaches Finanzierung und Banken, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: The topic of this paper is the difference of venture capital (VC) backed initial public offerings (IPOs) and non backed IPOs and the share price performance of the companies after the IPO. Compared to non-backed IPOs, VC backed IPOs consist on average of younger and less profitable firms. Nevertheless, VC backed companies have better underwriters, more institutional investors and less underpricing (i.e. a discount on the initial share price due to asymmetrical information). It is therefore considered that the venture capitalist (VCist) has an important impact on the share price performance of the young firm due to his certification role. By screening and mentoring the backed venture in earlier stages of the VC cycle, he can well assess the business’ opportunities. Thus, if he invests in the venture and keeps shares after the IPO, he can proof credibility to other investors (credibility hypothesis). However, younger VCists tend to bring companies too quickly to the stock markets, because they need an IPO for building up a reputation (grandstanding hypothesis). This may be adverse to the venture. Our findings also outline that there is no clear advantage of VC-backed firms on the long-run. Thus, we conclude that it is not only important to think about a VC backing, but also about the VCist that is backing. Choosing the wrong VCist may even have a negative impact on the company’s future.

Empirical Evidence on IPO-Underpricing

Author: Marius Hamer

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 73

ISBN-13: 3638903699

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Diploma Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3, European Business School - International University Schlo Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel, 80 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: This paper aims at establishing a link between the average level of initial return of IPO shares, existing underpricing explanations and the dot-com bubble. In years prior to the boom of the new economy, underpricing was explained by various theories, which have extensively been developed since decades. However, in the years 1998 to 2001 IPOs were overly underpriced, leading to assumptions about behavioural aspects and investor irrationality. Analysing a comprehensive dataset of 371 IPOs on the Frankfurter B rse between 1997 and 2007, this paper aims at providing evidence that the observed lower levels of initial returns in recent years can indeed be aligned with existing theories on the basis of rational behaviour of market participants. Firstly, the IPO process and its major participants will be presented followed by a review of relevant studies on the IPO phenomenon. In the next step, established underpricing theories are recapitulated. A descriptive analysis of the data sample points out the particularities concerning the company and transaction characteristics of the sample firms. In a last step, a regression analysis relates various proxies for information asymmetry to established underpricing theories. It gives reason to believe that the irrationality at the turn of the century has vanished and that underpricing can again be explained by established theories.

Performance of Private Equity Funds

Author: Taro Niggemann

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2005-09-20

Total Pages: 98

ISBN-13: 3638419770

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Master's Thesis from the year 2005 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1.0, Otto Beisheim School of Management Vallendar, course: Doppeldiplomprogramm WHU Koblenz / EM Lyon, language: English, abstract: Private equity is currently replacing hedge funds as the most observed asset class. And while mutual funds experience a decline of assets under management, buyout funds break all records as far as fund raising is concerned. The attractiveness of buyout funds among investors is often attributed to superior returns and to an allegedly lower correlation with other asset classes. However, buyout fund returns also show superior volatility. In addition to that risk factor, investors must face liquidity and transparency risk. It is common agreement that investors are compensated for the elevated risk through a return premium. This and the cited lower correlation prompt more and more investors to add private equity into their portfolios. The wide-spread opinion of superior private equity performance is backed by several studies. But the analysis of these studies reveal that a number of them employ methodologies which are disapproved of by experts on theoretical private equity performance measurement. Furthermore, some have a one-sided notion of financial performance. Benchmarking, risk and correlation data which are crucial for an overall performance assessment often lack. The analysis of a series of technically appropriate, objective studies shows that private equity has historically outperformed public equity with regard to returns, in Europe more than in the United States (US). What remains unsolved is to which extent this return premium rewards the inherent, additional risk of private equity investments. And what is more certain: the prevalent view on correlation seems to be wrong. Empirical evidence and qualitative analysis speak for high correlation between private equity and the major asset classes. The most important driver for individual fund performance appears to be the quality of fund management. Thereby, specialized teams outperform others. Moreover, specialized funds provide investors better opportunity to diversify their private equity portfolio. Fundraising and investment conditions for private equity funds in France and Germany are favorable, but the accomplishment of superior performance will become harder in the future. The rules of the private equity business are changing as operating leverage has replaced financial leverage as the essential value driver.

The Phenomenon of IPO Underpricing in the European and U.S. Stock Markets

Author: Oliver Reiche

Publisher: Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag)

Published: 2014-06-23

Total Pages: 105

ISBN-13: 3954892952

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The Initial Public Offering (IPO) marks one of the most important events of a company. Basically, the aim is to generate maximum proceeds by selling the company’s shares to investors. However, the shares that are sold seem to be underpriced as the price significantly soars on the first trading day. Since the very first detection of this phenomenon in the United States in 1969, several subsequent studies have documented the existence of worldwide IPO underpricing. This study focuses on IPO Underpricing in the European and United States Stock Markets by outlining and discussing the following essential issues: What is underpricing in the context of the IPO? Which motivations are there and how do they impact? Is there IPO underpricing in the markets of Europe and the United States of America?

A Survey of the European IPO Market

Author:

Publisher: CEPS

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 94

ISBN-13: 9290796588

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Going Public

Author: Tim Jenkinson

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13: 9780198295990

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Going Public investigates why companies routinely underprice themselves as they try to list themselves on the stock exchange. They subsequently underperform over the long-term and, in Going Public, the authors explore these 2 phenomena in plain English.