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Development Financing, Utility Privatization and Poverty Reduction in Africa
Author: Uzochukwu Amakom
Publisher:
Published: 2014
Total Pages: 35
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →African countries in a bid to foster growth and development process have been influenced by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to engage in reform programmes. One of such programmes which gained momentum during and after the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) is the privatization programme which was embarked upon under the guise that the development process of these countries are largely dominated by the public sector hence the need to weed the public sector of some expenditure and transfer their ownership to the private sector to boost efficiency and increase profitability. The study tried to analyze the effect of privatisation of utility like water to poverty reduction in Africa and found that water privatisation in most African countries instead of reducing poverty aided its escalation through its attendant high costs which has affected accessibility, and affordability negatively and increased displacements. Evidence from the study also show that water privatisation redistribute income in favour of the rich instead of the poor and this has led to increase in the outbreak of water borne diseases which claimed lives of thousands of households. On the other hand increasing public expenditure in the water sector led to improvements in water provision that is more sustainable. The study raised that consistent increase and proper monitoring of public expenditure into the sector will help achieve a 100 percent access to drinkable water for both urban and rural households if properly carried out hence what Nigeria needs do is to reform enterprises and the ministries, departments and agencies of government that provide water services. Such reform should be more focused in operations modalities since the performance is below efficiency rather than wholesale privatisation of the water sector as proposed by the World Bank.
Privatization of Public Utilities in Nigeria
Reforming Infrastructure
Author: Ioannis Nicolaos Kessides
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 2004
Total Pages: 328
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Electricity, natural gas, telecommunications, railways, and water supply, are often vertically and horizontally integrated state monopolies. This results in weak services, especially in developing and transition economies, and for poor people. Common problems include low productivity, high costs, bad quality, insufficient revenue, and investment shortfalls. Many countries over the past two decades have restructured, privatized and regulated their infrastructure. This report identifies the challenges involved in this massive policy redirection. It also assesses the outcomes of these changes, as well as their distributional consequences for poor households and other disadvantaged groups. It recommends directions for future reforms and research to improve infrastructure performance, identifying pricing policies that strike a balance between economic efficiency and social equity, suggesting rules governing access to bottleneck infrastructure facilities, and proposing ways to increase poor people's access to these crucial services.
Infrastructure for Economic Development and Poverty Reduction in Africa
Author: Afeikhena Jerome
Publisher: UN-HABITAT
Published: 2011
Total Pages: 108
ISBN-13: 9211322936
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Evaluates the role of infrastructure in promoting economic growth and poverty reduction in Africa. Examines complementary physical infrastructure: telecommunications, power, transport (roads, railways, ports and airports) and water supply. Explores Africa's infrastructure endowment and financing options.
Journal of the International Relations and Affairs Group, Volume VI, Issue I
Author: Daniel Evans
Publisher: Lulu.com
Published: 2016-07-28
Total Pages: 286
ISBN-13: 1365291820
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The International Relations and Affairs Group supports research in foreign affairs and global issues among states within the international system, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and multinational corporations (MNCs). We focus on geopolitical analysis, globalization, and international policy issues and apply qualitative and quantitative analysis. Our focus is analyzing, as well as, formulating solutions to issues with foreign policy, cultural interaction, crisis and other. We have a network of over 85,000 members globally.
Impact of restructuring and privatization on the performance of the electricity sector in Nigeria
Author: Eshi Agbadua
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Published: 2017-02-22
Total Pages: 60
ISBN-13: 3668401438
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Master's Thesis from the year 2015 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 65, Aston University, language: English, abstract: The slow and deteriorating performance of the electricity power sector over the last few decades triggered the Federal Government of Nigeria to embark on a power sector reform program. This study examines the impact of the power sector reform (restructuring and privatization) on the performance of the electricity sector in Nigeria over the past twenty-five (25) years. Relevant electricity indicators are used to access the performance changes in three significant period; pure state-ownership, transition (restructuring and unbundling) and full privatization of the sector. The study also assesses how the effect of the economic environment, regulatory governance and political climate/effectiveness within the period contributes to the improvements in the electricity sector. The results shows that privatization is associated with improvement in the technical efficiency, access to electricity, electricity consumption per capita and an increase in electricity tariff in the sector. Furthermore, the results highlight the significant relationship between regulatory governance and a robust economy on the performance changes observed in the power industry.
Wealth Creation and Poverty Reduction: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice
Author: Management Association, Information Resources
Publisher: IGI Global
Published: 2019-12-06
Total Pages: 991
ISBN-13: 1799812081
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →One of the major tools of attaining proper development all around the world is creating wealth and economic inclusion, such that all classes of people can secure their lifestyles through access to financial services from formal sectors. Expanding access to resources and increasing self-employment opportunities help reduce poverty and improve social development. Wealth Creation and Poverty Reduction: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice examines trends, challenges, issues, and strategies related to the creation of livelihood options through the redistribution of resources, foreign aid, private sector activities, and other methods. Highlighting a range of topics such as microfinance, poverty alleviation, and socio-economic development, this publication is an ideal reference source for government officials, policymakers, executives, economists, analysts, researchers, academicians, professionals, and students interested in wealth creation in areas of extreme poverty.
Privatization and Foreign Investments in Nigeria
Author: Lawrence Okechukwu Azubuike
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
Published: 2009
Total Pages: 275
ISBN-13: 1599425009
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Nigeria's political economy has straddled the ideological divide between socialism and capitalism. The country produces oil, and at some point in its existence, it embarked on robust state involvement in the economy. This was marked by the acquisition, or establishment, of numerous state enterprises. Over the years, the performance of these enterprises was found to be dismal, and as part of the overall reform of the economy, Nigeria has joined the global trend toward reduction in direct state ownership of enterprises. Indeed, it has embarked on massive divestment of state interests in once publicly owned firms. Besides the universal rationale of efficiency, one of the objectives of the privatization exercise in Nigeria is the attraction and retention of foreign investments. This work examines the direct and indirect linkage between the government's divestiture of its interests in firms, on the one hand, and foreign investments in the country, on the other hand. The book is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 reviews the political and economic history of Nigeria, to set the background and context that necessitated the introduction of the reform package of which privatization is just an aspect. Chapter 2 is a discussion of various natures of state involvement in an economy. This ranges from mere regulation to active participation. The chapter discusses the competing conceptual and ideological theories and tries to situate the Nigerian experience within the broader conceptual dichotomies of capitalism, socialism and the via media of mixed economy. Chapter 3 is an examination of the meaning and rationales for privatization of state owned enterprises generally and the Nigerian attempts in particular. Nigeria's privatization program is an ongoing exercise. Yet two distinct attempts are identifiable: one which started in 1988 and the reinvigoration of the exercise, albeit with new constitutive frameworks, in 1999. Thus, Chapters 4 and 5 review the legal and institutional frameworks for these two exercises. Chapter 6 deals with foreign investments in Nigeria. The discussion encapsulates the pros and cons of foreign investments, especially in Nigeria. Chapter 7 explores the direct and indirect linkages between the privatization program in Nigeria and foreign investments in the country. This is particularly apposite because one of the touted objectives of the privatization exercise is the attraction of foreign investments. A conclusion follows. The work finds that although foreign investments appear to have been indirectly boosted by the privatization exercise, foreign investors initially did not show interest in direct acquisition of the shares and other interests being relinquished by the government, but that that attitude has been changing gradually.
Private Participation in Infrastructure in Developing Countries
Author: Clive Harris
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 2003
Total Pages: 60
ISBN-13: 9780821355121
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Governments have long recognized the vital role that modern infrastructure services play in economic growth and poverty alleviation. For much of the post-Second World War period, most governments entrusted delivery of these services to state-owned monopolies. But in many developing countries, the results were disappointing. Public sector monopolies were plagued by inefficiency. Many were strapped for resources because governments succumbed to populist pressures to hold prices below costs. Fiscal pressures, and the success of the pioneers of the privatization of infrastructure services, provided governments with a new paradigm. Many governments sought to involve the private sector in the provision and financing of infrastructure services. The shift to the private provision that occurred during the 1990s was much more rapid and widespread than had been anticipated at the start of the decade. By 2001, developing countries had seen over $755 billion of investment flows in nearly 2500 infrastructure projects. However, these flows peaked in 1997, and have fallen more or less steadily ever since. These declines have been accompanied by high profile cancellations or renegotiations of some projects, a reduction in investor appetite for these activities and, in some parts of the world, a shift in public opinion against the private provision of infrastructure services. The current sense of disillusionment stands in stark contrast to what should in retrospect be surprise at the spectacular growth of private infrastructure during the 1990s.
