Use and Abuse of Statistical Methods in the Earth Sciences

Use and Abuse of Statistical Methods in the Earth Sciences PDF

Author: William B. Size

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 1987

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13:

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A major goal of earth scientists is to make geological interpretations based on statistical inferences, but accomplishing this is difficult due to the "abuse" of statistical methods. This book, the first in the International Association for Mathematical Geology Series, addresses the underlying assumptions of randomness, normality, and variance of sample data used with statistical methods. The authors uncover the reasons for unreliable or invalid statistical results and discuss the use of statistical measures of association, correlation, and regressions with relatively uncontrolled and variable natural data. Their analyses help to bridge the gap between geostatisticians and earth science researchers, and will be valuable to a wide range of earth scientists.

Methods and Applications of Statistics in the Atmospheric and Earth Sciences

Methods and Applications of Statistics in the Atmospheric and Earth Sciences PDF

Author: Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2012-11-19

Total Pages: 384

ISBN-13: 0470503440

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Explore the classic and cutting-edge quantitative methods for understanding environmental science research Based on the multifaceted 16-volume Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, Second Edition, Methods and Applications of Statistics in the Atmospheric and Earth Sciences offers guidance on the application of statistical methods for conducting research in these fields of study. With contributions from more than 100 leading experts in academia and industry, this volume combines key articles from the Encyclopedia with newly developed topics addressing some of the more critical issues, including pollution, droughts, and volcanic activity. Readers will gain a thorough understanding of cutting-edge methods for the acquisition and analysis of data across a wide range of subject areas, from geophysics, geology, and biogeography to meteorology, forestry, agriculture, animal science, and ornithology. The book features new and updated content on quantitative methods and their use in understanding the latest topics in social research, including: Drought Analysis and Forecasting Childhood Obesity Ranked Set Sampling Methodology for Environmental Data Species Richness and Shared Species Richness Geographic Information Systems Each contribution offers authoritative yet easily accessible coverage of statistical concepts. With updated references and discussion of emerging topics, readers are provided with the various statistical methods, techniques, strategies, and applications that are essential for tackling critical issues in environmental science research. Featuring a balance of classical and cutting-edge methodologies, Methods and Applications of Statistics in the Atmospheric and Earth Sciences is an excellent resource for researchers, professionals, and students in the fields of sociology, psychology, philosophy, education, political science, and the related disciplines who would like to learn about the uses of statistics in gathering, reporting, and analyzing data.

Statistics for Earth and Environmental Scientists

Statistics for Earth and Environmental Scientists PDF

Author: John H. Schuenemeyer

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2011-04-12

Total Pages: 341

ISBN-13: 1118102215

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A comprehensive treatment of statistical applications for solving real-world environmental problems A host of complex problems face today's earth science community, such as evaluating the supply of remaining non-renewable energy resources, assessing the impact of people on the environment, understanding climate change, and managing the use of water. Proper collection and analysis of data using statistical techniques contributes significantly toward the solution of these problems. Statistics for Earth and Environmental Scientists presents important statistical concepts through data analytic tools and shows readers how to apply them to real-world problems. The authors present several different statistical approaches to the environmental sciences, including Bayesian and nonparametric methodologies. The book begins with an introduction to types of data, evaluation of data, modeling and estimation, random variation, and sampling—all of which are explored through case studies that use real data from earth science applications. Subsequent chapters focus on principles of modeling and the key methods and techniques for analyzing scientific data, including: Interval estimation and Methods for analyzinghypothesis testing of means time series data Spatial statistics Multivariate analysis Discrete distributions Experimental design Most statistical models are introduced by concept and application, given as equations, and then accompanied by heuristic justification rather than a formal proof. Data analysis, model building, and statistical inference are stressed throughout, and readers are encouraged to collect their own data to incorporate into the exercises at the end of each chapter. Most data sets, graphs, and analyses are computed using R, but can be worked with using any statistical computing software. A related website features additional data sets, answers to selected exercises, and R code for the book's examples. Statistics for Earth and Environmental Scientists is an excellent book for courses on quantitative methods in geology, geography, natural resources, and environmental sciences at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable reference for earth scientists, geologists, hydrologists, and environmental statisticians who collect and analyze data in their everyday work.

Statistics of Earth Science Data

Statistics of Earth Science Data PDF

Author: Graham J. Borradaile

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-11

Total Pages: 371

ISBN-13: 3662052237

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From the reviews: "All in all, Graham Borradaile has written and interesting and idiosyncratic book on statistics for geoscientists that will be welcome among students, researchers, and practitioners dealing with orientation data. That should include engineering geologists who work with things like rock fracture orientation measurements or clast alignment in paleoseismic trenches. It won’t replace the collection of statistics and geostatistics texts in my library, but it will have a place among them and will likely be one of several references to which I turn when working with orientation data.... The text is easy to follow and illustrations are generally clear and easy to read..."(William C. Haneberg, Haneberg Geoscience)

Practical Statistics for Geographers and Earth Scientists

Practical Statistics for Geographers and Earth Scientists PDF

Author: Nigel Walford

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2011-07-05

Total Pages: 385

ISBN-13: 1119957028

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Practical Statistics for Geographers and Earth Scientists provides an introductory guide to the principles and application of statistical analysis in context. This book helps students to gain the level of competence in statistical procedures necessary for independent investigations, field-work and other projects. The aim is to explain statistical techniques using data relating to relevant geographical, geospatial, earth and environmental science examples, employing graphics as well as mathematical notation for maximum clarity. Advice is given on asking the appropriate preliminary research questions to ensure that the correct data is collected for the chosen statistical analysis method. The book offers a practical guide to making the transition from understanding principles of spatial and non-spatial statistical techniques to planning a series analyses and generating results using statistical and spreadsheet computer software. Learning outcomes included in each chapter International focus Explains the underlying mathematical basis of spatial and non-spatial statistics Provides an geographical, geospatial, earth and environmental science context for the use of statistical methods Written in an accessible, user-friendly style Datasets available on accompanying website at www.wiley.com/go/Walford

EnvStats

EnvStats PDF

Author: Steven P. Millard

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-10-16

Total Pages: 305

ISBN-13: 1461484561

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This book describes EnvStats, a new comprehensive R package for environmental statistics and the successor to the S-PLUS module EnvironmentalStats for S-PLUS (first released in 1997). EnvStats and R provide an open-source set of powerful functions for performing graphical and statistical analyses of environmental data, bringing major environmental statistical methods found in the literature and regulatory guidance documents into one statistical package, along with an extensive hypertext help system that explains what these methods do, how to use these methods, and where to find them in the environmental statistics literature. EnvStats also includes numerous built-in data sets from regulatory guidance documents and the environmental statistics literature. This book shows how to use EnvStats and R to easily: * graphically display environmental data * plot probability distributions * estimate distribution parameters and construct confidence intervals on the original scale for commonly used distributions such as the lognormal and gamma, as well as do this nonparametrically * estimate and construct confidence intervals for distribution percentiles or do this nonparametrically (e.g., to compare to an environmental protection standard) * perform and plot the results of goodness-of-fit tests * compute optimal Box-Cox data transformations * compute prediction limits and simultaneous prediction limits (e.g., to assess compliance at multiple sites for multiple constituents) * perform nonparametric estimation and test for seasonal trend (even in the presence of correlated observations) * perform power and sample size computations and create companion plots for sampling designs based on confidence intervals, hypothesis tests, prediction intervals, and tolerance intervals * deal with non-detect (censored) data * perform Monte Carlo simulation and probabilistic risk assessment * reproduce specific examples in EPA guidance documents EnvStats combined with other R packages (e.g., for spatial analysis) provides the environmental scientist, statistician, researcher, and technician with tools to “get the job done!”

Statistics for Petroleum Engineers and Geoscientists

Statistics for Petroleum Engineers and Geoscientists PDF

Author: Jerry Jensen

Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing

Published: 2000-12-07

Total Pages: 370

ISBN-13: 9780444505521

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For many engineers, statistics is the method of last resort, when no deterministic method can be found to make sense of geological complexities. This volume shows that geological data and geology often have a mutually beneficial effect especially in the diagnosis of complex geological phenomena.

Dictionary of Mathematical Geosciences

Dictionary of Mathematical Geosciences PDF

Author: Richard J. Howarth

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-05-27

Total Pages: 892

ISBN-13: 3319573152

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This dictionary includes a number of mathematical, statistical and computing terms and their definitions to assist geoscientists and provide guidance on the methods and terminology encountered in the literature. Each technical term used in the explanations can be found in the dictionary which also includes explanations of basics, such as trigonometric functions and logarithms. There are also citations from the relevant literature to show the term’s first use in mathematics, statistics, etc. and its subsequent usage in geosciences.