Uncertainties in Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Uncertainties in Greenhouse Gas Inventories PDF

Author: Jean P. Ometto

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-04-23

Total Pages: 255

ISBN-13: 3319159011

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This book is based on the 2014 Special Issue 124(3) of Climatic Change. It brings together 16 key papers presented at, or produced, subsequent to the 2010 (3rd) International Workshop on Uncertainty in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories. The Workshop was jointly organized by the Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine; the Systems Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences; and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria. This book has been written to enhance understanding of the uncertainty encountered in estimating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and in dealing with the challenges resulting from those estimates. Such challenges include, but are not limited to i) monitoring emissions; ii) adhering to emission commitments; iii) securing the proper functioning of emission trading markets; and iv) meeting low-carbon or low-GHG futures in the long term. The approaches to addressing uncertainty discussed by all authors attempt to improve national inventories, not only for their own sake but also from a wider, systems analytical perspective that seeks to strengthen their usefulness under a compliance and/or global monitoring and reporting framework. These approaches show the challenges and benefits of including inventory uncertainty in policy analysis and where advances are being made.

Accounting for Climate Change

Accounting for Climate Change PDF

Author: Daniel Lieberman

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-05-27

Total Pages: 160

ISBN-13: 1402059302

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Uncertainty analysis is a key component of national greenhouse gases inventory analyses. The issues that are raised by the authors in this volume, and the role that uncertainty analysis plays in many of their arguments and/or proposals, highlight the importance of such efforts. Coverage includes: bottom-up versus top-down emission inventory approaches, compliance and verification issues, and the role of uncertainty in emissions trading schemes.

Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Greenhouse Gas Inventories PDF

Author: Thomas White

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-06-01

Total Pages: 334

ISBN-13: 9400716702

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The assessment of greenhouse gases emitted to and removed from the atmosphere is high on the international political and scientific agendas. Growing international concern and cooperation regarding the climate change problem have increased the need for policy-oriented solutions to the issue of uncertainty in, and related to, inventories of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The approaches to addressing uncertainty discussed here reflect attempts to improve national inventories, not only for their own sake but also from a wider, systems analytical perspective — a perspective that seeks to strengthen the usefulness of national inventories under a compliance and/or global monitoring and reporting framework. These approaches demonstrate the benefits of including inventory uncertainty in policy analyses. The authors of the contributed papers show that considering uncertainty helps avoid situations that can, for example, create a false sense of certainty or lead to invalid views of subsystems. This may eventually prevent related errors from showing up in analyses. However, considering uncertainty does not come for free. Proper treatment of uncertainty is costly and demanding because it forces us to make the step from “simple to complex” and only then to discuss potential simplifications. Finally, comprehensive treatment of uncertainty does not offer policymakers quick and easy solutions.

Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions PDF

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2010-07-28

Total Pages: 124

ISBN-13: 0309152119

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The world's nations are moving toward agreements that will bind us together in an effort to limit future greenhouse gas emissions. With such agreements will come the need for all nations to make accurate estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and to monitor changes over time. In this context, the present book focuses on the greenhouse gases that result from human activities, have long lifetimes in the atmosphere and thus will change global climate for decades to millennia or more, and are currently included in international agreements. The book devotes considerably more space to CO2 than to the other gases because CO2 is the largest single contributor to global climate change and is thus the focus of many mitigation efforts. Only data in the public domain were considered because public access and transparency are necessary to build trust in a climate treaty. The book concludes that each country could estimate fossil-fuel CO2 emissions accurately enough to support monitoring of a climate treaty. However, current methods are not sufficiently accurate to check these self-reported estimates against independent data or to estimate other greenhouse gas emissions. Strategic investments would, within 5 years, improve reporting of emissions by countries and yield a useful capability for independent verification of greenhouse gas emissions reported by countries.

Climate Change And India: Uncertainty Reduction In Greenhouse Gas Inventory Estimates

Climate Change And India: Uncertainty Reduction In Greenhouse Gas Inventory Estimates PDF

Author: Kalyan (Eds.) Sukumar & Sen Devotta Amit Garg Sumana Bhattacharya Subodh Sharma A.P. Mitra

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 400

ISBN-13: 9788173715174

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The Critical Factors Determining The Quality And Reliability Of A Greenhouse Gas Inventory Is Directly Dependent On The Type Of Activity Data And Emission Factor Used.The Quality Of Any ActivityData Is Related To The Statistical Reliability Of The Sampling Done To Ascertain The Level Of Activity. Similarly, Emission Factors Are More Reliable If They Represent Country Specific Conditions. KeepingThese Concerns In View, An Effort Was Made Under The Aegis Of India'S Initial National Communication, To Reduce Uncertainty In Ghg Inventory Estimates From India. Measurements Were Conducted To Derive Ghg Emission Factors For Some Key Source Categories That Contribute Significantly To The Total National Ghg Inventory. These Included Determination Of Net Calorific Values Of Different Types Of Coal In India, Co2 Emission Coefficients For The Cement Manufacturing Process, Ghg Emission From Transport Sector, Ch4 From Fugitive Emissions In Coal Mining, N2O Emission From Nitric Acid Production, Ch4 Emissions From Agricultural Activities Such Asrice Cultivation And Enteric Fermentation,And Ch4 From Solid Waste Management.The Activity Data, Which Have Been Closely Scrutinized For Reducing Uncertainty, Include Allocation Of Fuel In The Road Transport Sector And Activities Related To The Land Use And Land Cover Change And Forestry Sector. This BookSynthesizes The Sectoral Papers Contributed By Participating Experts And Also Suggests Future Activities That Will Strengthen The Estimates Further.

The Greenhouse Gas Protocol

The Greenhouse Gas Protocol PDF

Author:

Publisher: World Business Pub.

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781569735688

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The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.

Advancing the Science of Climate Change

Advancing the Science of Climate Change PDF

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2011-01-10

Total Pages: 526

ISBN-13: 0309145880

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Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.

Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States

Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States PDF

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2018-08-25

Total Pages: 251

ISBN-13: 0309470501

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Understanding, quantifying, and tracking atmospheric methane and emissions is essential for addressing concerns and informing decisions that affect the climate, economy, and human health and safety. Atmospheric methane is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) that contributes to global warming. While carbon dioxide is by far the dominant cause of the rise in global average temperatures, methane also plays a significant role because it absorbs more energy per unit mass than carbon dioxide does, giving it a disproportionately large effect on global radiative forcing. In addition to contributing to climate change, methane also affects human health as a precursor to ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere. Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States summarizes the current state of understanding of methane emissions sources and the measurement approaches and evaluates opportunities for methodological and inventory development improvements. This report will inform future research agendas of various U.S. agencies, including NOAA, the EPA, the DOE, NASA, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the National Science Foundation (NSF).

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