A Foreign Policy of Non-alignment? Indonesia's Position During the Cold War

A Foreign Policy of Non-alignment? Indonesia's Position During the Cold War PDF

Author: Anna Leiber

Publisher:

Published: 2014-11-04

Total Pages: 28

ISBN-13: 9783656821175

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Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: South Asia, grade: 1,0, University of Pavia, course: History of International Relations, language: English, abstract: During the early years of the Cold War the American as well as the Soviet leaders concentrated their political strategy primarily on the European territory. From the early 1950s onwards, however, their attention shifted towards the Asian and African world. Among the Asian countries, especially the new established Republic of Indonesia was soon considered as a significant strategic control point by both superpowers. Thus, in order to gain this young nation as a political ally, the US as well as the Soviet government continuously offered economic and military support during the next 20 years. Despite all these diplomatic efforts, Indonesia didn't join any alliance. Following the 1949 proclaimed foreign policy of non-alignment, president Sukarno wanted to uphold a neutral position between the American and Soviet bloc. Until 1965, however, the Indonesian leader played a successful double game with the Cold War opponents through which he tried to benefit as much as possible. Looking at the period between the end of the Second World War 1945 and Sukarno's political overthrow in 1965, this paper analyzes two questions. On the one hand, it will focus upon the political attempts coming from the USA and the USSR in order to influence the Indonesian government. On the other hand, by illustrating the latter's behaviour it will underline that Indonesia took a huge advantage from its triangle position between the American and the Soviet bloc and left the path of foreign neutrality soon after its independence.

United States Policy Towards Indonesia in the Truman and Eisenhower Years

United States Policy Towards Indonesia in the Truman and Eisenhower Years PDF

Author: A. Roadnight

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2002-06-19

Total Pages: 253

ISBN-13: 1403913943

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This analysis of US policy towards Indonesian nationalism concludes that Truman's support for independence was based on his Cold War priorities and not principled backing for self-determination. It reveals how Eisenhower's New Look led to a disastrous CIA-backed intervention in 1957-58 and propelled Indonesia towards the Soviet bloc. Exposing the extent of Australian influence on US policy, this account reveals how the personal prejudices of Eisenhower and John Foster Dulles undermined the notion of rational policymaking.

Islam in Indonesian Foreign Policy

Islam in Indonesian Foreign Policy PDF

Author: Rizal Sukma

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2004-03-01

Total Pages: 349

ISBN-13: 1134514530

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This companion volume to the highly successful Islam in Malaysian Foreign Policy explores the extent to which foreign policy in the world's largest Muslim nation has been influenced by Islamic considerations.

Values in Foreign Policy

Values in Foreign Policy PDF

Author: Krishnan Srinivasan

Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield

Published: 2019-02-14

Total Pages: 316

ISBN-13: 1786607514

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Values in Foreign Policy: Investigating Ideals and Interests covers all aspects of the tension between values and national priorities, with specific reference to the leading countries of today. The volume explores the effect of the enlightenment, colonialism, modernity and post-modernity in determining contemporary value systems which are often uncomfortable in their interface with each other. This book, written in accessible, non-technical language, will be of interest and benefit to policy-makers and practitioners of foreign policy, as well as the academic community. It will be equally valuable to anyone interested in international relations. Written by specialists in the field of foreign relations, this is the closest examination ever made of the impulses which drive the foreign policies of the world’s most important countries, touching on the legacies of religion, civilization, culture and history. Companion website: http://www.foreignpolicy.org.in/home/

Soviet Foreign Policy and Southeast Asia (Routledge Revivals)

Soviet Foreign Policy and Southeast Asia (Routledge Revivals) PDF

Author: Leszek Buszynski

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013-09-13

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13: 1134480857

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This book focuses on the activity of the Soviet Union in Southeast Asia and the effects of Soviet policy on the region from 1969 to the time of first publication in 1986. In particular, Leszek Buszynski examines the rivalry between the Soviet Union and China, Soviet presence in Vietnam, and the responsive efforts of surrounding regions towards collective security. U.S. policy in the region is a key consideration, particularly in terms of American attempts to placate China and encourage Japan to assist in the defence of the region. With a concluding assessment of regional trends and possible outcomes, this is an important and valuable work for students and scholars with an interest in the history and politics of international diplomacy in Southeast Asia.

Indonesia in ASEAN

Indonesia in ASEAN PDF

Author: Dewi Fortuna Anwar

Publisher: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies

Published: 1994

Total Pages: 354

ISBN-13: 9789813016774

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Much has been written about the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and about Indonesia’s foreign policy, but few scholars have specifically focused on Indonesia’s foreign policy in ASEAN. Indonesia in ASEAN: Foreign Policy and Regionalism tries to fill this academic gap.

Taiwan and Southeast Asia

Taiwan and Southeast Asia PDF

Author: Karl Chee Leong Lee

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2023-06-16

Total Pages: 269

ISBN-13: 1000903370

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Lee, Chan and their contributors analyse the different kinds of soft power deployed by Taiwan in its bid to strengthen its relations with its neighbours in Southeast Asia. Despite not having formal diplomatic relations with Southeast Asian countries after their diplomatic recognition of the People’s Republic of China decades ago, Taiwan continues to be a key economic and socio-cultural partner for the region at large. Successive administrations in Taiwan from the Chen to Tsai eras have circumvented the long-standing absence of diplomatic recognition with the diffusion of soft power ─ shaping what others want with attractiveness ─ through the utilization of its existing economic and socio-cultural links with Southeast Asian countries. While such soft power diffusion contributes to Taiwan’s triple quests for legitimacy as a member of international community, status as a constructive actor in the region and long-term economic prosperity for the island-state, the emergence of China as an economic superpower in the 21st century has significantly challenged such quests from Taipei. The contributors to this volume examine both the intentions and the reception of Taiwan’s approach to the nations of ASEAN. An essential read for students and researchers investigating the impact and limitations of soft power in foreign policy.

The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia: Volume 2, The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia: Volume 2, The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries PDF

Author: Nicholas Tarling

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1992

Total Pages: 736

ISBN-13: 9780521355063

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Southeast Asia has long been seen as a unity, although other terms have been used to describe it: Further India, Little China, the Nanyang. The region has had a protracted maritime history. Confucianism, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, Christianity are all represented. It has seen a quintet of colonial powers - Britain, France, The Netherlands, Spain, the United States. Most recently, it has become one of the fastest growing parts of the world economy. The very term 'Southeast Asia' is clearly more than a geographical expression. The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia is a multi-authored treatment of the whole of mainland and island Southeast Asia from Burma to Indonesia. Unlike other histories of the region, it is not divided on a country-by-country basis and is not structured purely chronologically, but rather takes a thematic and regional approach to Southeast Asia's history. This volume, the second and final in the series, takes us into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, from the late eighteenth century of the Christian era when most of the region was incorporated into European empires to the complexity and dramatic change of the post-World War II period. It covers the economic and social life as well as the religious and popular culture of the region as they develop over two centuries. The political structures of the region are also closely examined, from the insurgencies and rebellions of early this century to the modern Nationalist movements which challenged the control of the colonial powers and led to the formation of independent states. Under the editorship of Nicholas Tarling, Professor of History at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, each chapter is well integrated into the whole. Professor Tarling has assembled a highly respected team of international scholars who have presented the latest historical research on the region and succeeded in producing a provocative and exciting account of the region's history.