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Graphs and Geometry

Author: László Lovász

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

Published: 2019-08-28

Total Pages: 444

ISBN-13: 1470450879

Graphs are usually represented as geometric objects drawn in the plane, consisting of nodes and curves connecting them. The main message of this book is that such a representation is not merely a way to visualize the graph, but an important mathematical tool. It is obvious that this geometry is crucial in engineering, for example, if you want to understand rigidity of frameworks and mobility of mechanisms. But even if there is no geometry directly connected to the graph-theoretic problem, a well-chosen geometric embedding has mathematical meaning and applications in proofs and algorithms. This book surveys a number of such connections between graph theory and geometry: among others, rubber band representations, coin representations, orthogonal representations, and discrete analytic functions. Applications are given in information theory, statistical physics, graph algorithms and quantum physics. The book is based on courses and lectures that the author has given over the last few decades and offers readers with some knowledge of graph theory, linear algebra, and probability a thorough introduction to this exciting new area with a large collection of illuminating examples and exercises.

Towards a Theory of Geometric Graphs

Author: János Pach

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 300

ISBN-13: 0821834843

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This volume contains a collection of papers on graph theory, with the common theme that all the graph theoretical problems addressed are approached from a geometrical, rather than an abstract point of view. This is no accident; the editor selected these papers not as a comprehensive literature revie

Geometric Graphs and Arrangements

Author: Stefan Felsner

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 179

ISBN-13: 3322803031

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Among the intuitively appealing aspects of graph theory is its close connection to drawings and geometry. The development of computer technology has become a source of motivation to reconsider these connections, in particular geometric graphs are emerging as a new subfield of graph theory. Arrangements of points and lines are the objects for many challenging problems and surprising solutions in combinatorial geometry. The book is a collection of beautiful and partly very recent results from the intersection of geometry, graph theory and combinatorics.

Thirty Essays on Geometric Graph Theory

Author: János Pach

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-15

Total Pages: 610

ISBN-13: 1461401100

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In many applications of graph theory, graphs are regarded as geometric objects drawn in the plane or in some other surface. The traditional methods of "abstract" graph theory are often incapable of providing satisfactory answers to questions arising in such applications. In the past couple of decades, many powerful new combinatorial and topological techniques have been developed to tackle these problems. Today geometric graph theory is a burgeoning field with many striking results and appealing open questions. This contributed volume contains thirty original survey and research papers on important recent developments in geometric graph theory. The contributions were thoroughly reviewed and written by excellent researchers in this field.

Random Geometric Graphs

Author: Mathew Penrose

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 345

ISBN-13: 0198506260

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This monograph provides and explains the mathematics behind geometric graph theory, which studies the properties of a graph that consists of nodes placed in Euclidean space so that edges can be added to connect points that are close to one another. For example, a collection of trees scattered in a forest and the disease that is passed between them, a set of nests of animals or birds on a region and the communication between them or communication between communications stations or nerve cells. Aimed at graduate students and researchers in probability, statistics, combinatorics and graph theory including computer scientists, it covers topics such as: technical tools, edge and component counts, vertex degrees, clique and chromatic number, and connectivity. Applications of this theory are used in the study of neural networks, spread of disease, astrophysics and spatial statistics.

Analysis and Geometry on Graphs and Manifolds

Author: Matthias Keller

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2020-08-20

Total Pages: 493

ISBN-13: 1108587380

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This book addresses the interplay between several rapidly expanding areas of mathematics. Suitable for graduate students as well as researchers, it provides surveys of topics linking geometry, spectral theory and stochastics.

Research Problems in Discrete Geometry

Author: Peter Brass

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2006-06-19

Total Pages: 507

ISBN-13: 0387238158

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This book is the result of a 25-year-old project and comprises a collection of more than 500 attractive open problems in the field. The largely self-contained chapters provide a broad overview of discrete geometry, along with historical details and the most important partial results related to these problems. This book is intended as a source book for both professional mathematicians and graduate students who love beautiful mathematical questions, are willing to spend sleepless nights thinking about them, and who would like to get involved in mathematical research.

Erdös Centennial

Author: László Lovász

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2014-01-24

Total Pages: 714

ISBN-13: 3642392865

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Paul Erdös was one of the most influential mathematicians of the twentieth century, whose work in number theory, combinatorics, set theory, analysis, and other branches of mathematics has determined the development of large areas of these fields. In 1999, a conference was organized to survey his work, his contributions to mathematics, and the far-reaching impact of his work on many branches of mathematics. On the 100th anniversary of his birth, this volume undertakes the almost impossible task to describe the ways in which problems raised by him and topics initiated by him (indeed, whole branches of mathematics) continue to flourish. Written by outstanding researchers in these areas, these papers include extensive surveys of classical results as well as of new developments.

Topological Crystallography

Author: Toshikazu Sunada

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-23

Total Pages: 236

ISBN-13: 4431541772

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Geometry in ancient Greece is said to have originated in the curiosity of mathematicians about the shapes of crystals, with that curiosity culminating in the classification of regular convex polyhedra addressed in the final volume of Euclid’s Elements. Since then, geometry has taken its own path and the study of crystals has not been a central theme in mathematics, with the exception of Kepler’s work on snowflakes. Only in the nineteenth century did mathematics begin to play a role in crystallography as group theory came to be applied to the morphology of crystals. This monograph follows the Greek tradition in seeking beautiful shapes such as regular convex polyhedra. The primary aim is to convey to the reader how algebraic topology is effectively used to explore the rich world of crystal structures. Graph theory, homology theory, and the theory of covering maps are employed to introduce the notion of the topological crystal which retains, in the abstract, all the information on the connectivity of atoms in the crystal. For that reason the title Topological Crystallography has been chosen. Topological crystals can be described as “living in the logical world, not in space,” leading to the question of how to place or realize them “canonically” in space. Proposed here is the notion of standard realizations of topological crystals in space, including as typical examples the crystal structures of diamond and lonsdaleite. A mathematical view of the standard realizations is also provided by relating them to asymptotic behaviors of random walks and harmonic maps. Furthermore, it can be seen that a discrete analogue of algebraic geometry is linked to the standard realizations. Applications of the discussions in this volume include not only a systematic enumeration of crystal structures, an area of considerable scientific interest for many years, but also the architectural design of lightweight rigid structures. The reader therefore can see the agreement of theory and practice.

Geometric Group Theory

Author: Clara Löh

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-12-19

Total Pages: 389

ISBN-13: 3319722549

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Inspired by classical geometry, geometric group theory has in turn provided a variety of applications to geometry, topology, group theory, number theory and graph theory. This carefully written textbook provides a rigorous introduction to this rapidly evolving field whose methods have proven to be powerful tools in neighbouring fields such as geometric topology. Geometric group theory is the study of finitely generated groups via the geometry of their associated Cayley graphs. It turns out that the essence of the geometry of such groups is captured in the key notion of quasi-isometry, a large-scale version of isometry whose invariants include growth types, curvature conditions, boundary constructions, and amenability. This book covers the foundations of quasi-geometry of groups at an advanced undergraduate level. The subject is illustrated by many elementary examples, outlooks on applications, as well as an extensive collection of exercises.