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The Dynamics of Public Opinion

Author: Mary Layton Atkinson

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2021-11-11

Total Pages: 83

ISBN-13: 1108877281

A central question in political representation is whether government responds to the people. To understand that, we need to know what the government is doing, and what the people think of it. We seek to understand a key question necessary to answer those bigger questions: How does American public opinion move over time? We posit three patterns of change over time in public opinion, depending on the type of issue. Issues on which the two parties regularly disagree provide clear partisan cues to the public. For these party-cue issues we present a slight variation on the thermostatic theory from (Soroka and Wlezien (2010); Wlezien (1995)); our “implied thermostatic model.” A smaller number of issues divide the public along lines unrelated to partisanship, and so partisan control of government provides no relevant clue. Finally, we note a small but important class of issues which capture response to cultural shifts.

Participatory Sensing, Opinions and Collective Awareness

Author: Vittorio Loreto

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-05-13

Total Pages: 405

ISBN-13: 3319256580

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This book introduces and reviews recent advances in the field in a comprehensive and non-technical way by focusing on the potential of emerging citizen-science and social-computation frameworks, coupled with the latest theoretical and modeling tools developed by physicists, mathematicians, computer and social scientists to analyse, interpret and visualize complex data sets. There is overwhelming evidence that the current organisation of our economies and societies is seriously damaging biological ecosystems and human living conditions in the short term, with potentially catastrophic effects in the long term. The need to re-organise the daily activities with the greatest impact – energy consumption, transport, housing – towards a more efficient and sustainable development model has recently been raised in the public debate on several global, environmental issues. Above all, this requires the mismatch between global, societal and individual needs to be addressed. Recent advances in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) can trigger important transitions at the individual and collective level to achieve this aim. Based on the findings of the collaborative research network EveryAware the following developments among the emerging ICT technologies are discussed in depth in this volume: • Participatory sensing – where ICT development is pushed to the level where it can support informed action at the hyperlocal scale, providing capabilities for environmental monitoring, data aggregation and mining, as well as information presentation and sharing. • Web gaming, social computing and internet-mediated collaboration – where the Web will continue to acquire the status of an infrastructure for social computing, allowing users’ cognitive abilities to be coordinated in online communities, and steering the collective action towards predefined goals. • Collective awareness and decision-making – where the access to both personal and community data, collected by users, processed with suitable analysis tools, and re-presented in an appropriate format by usable communication interfaces leads to a bottom-up development of collective social strategies.

Three Models of Opinion Dynamics

Author: Mary Layton Atkinson

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2021-11-11

Total Pages: 83

ISBN-13: 1009100599

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This Element develops an explanation of how and why all public policy preferences move over time.

Opinion Dynamics and the Evolution of Social Power in Social Networks

Author: Mengbin Ye

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-02-19

Total Pages: 209

ISBN-13: 3030106063

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This book uses rigorous mathematical analysis to advance opinion dynamics models for social networks in three major directions. First, a novel model is proposed to capture how a discrepancy between an individual’s private and expressed opinions can develop due to social pressures that arise in group situations or through extremists deliberately shaping public opinion. Detailed theoretical analysis of the final opinion distribution is followed by use of the model to study Asch’s seminal experiments on conformity, and the phenomenon of pluralistic ignorance. Second, the DeGroot-Friedkin model for evolution of an individual’s social power (self-confidence) is developed in a number of directions. The key result establishes that an individual’s initial social power is forgotten exponentially fast, even when the network changes over time; eventually, an individual’s social power depends only on the (changing) network structure. Last, a model for the simultaneous discussion of multiple logically interdependent topics is proposed. To ensure that a consensus across the opinions of all individuals is achieved, it turns out that the interpersonal interactions must be weaker than an individual’s introspective cognitive process for establishing logical consistency among the topics. Otherwise, the individual may experience cognitive overload and the opinion system becomes unstable. Conclusions of interest to control engineers, social scientists, and researchers from other relevant disciplines are discussed throughout the thesis with support from both social science and control literature.

Theory of Complexity

Author: Ricardo López-Ruiz

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2021-06-30

Total Pages: 112

ISBN-13: 1789852137

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Over two parts, this book examines the meaning of complexity in the context of systems both social and natural. Chapters cover such topics as the traveling salesman problem, models of opinion dynamics creation, a universal theory for knowledge formation in children, the evaluation of landscape organization and dynamics through information entropy indicators, and studying the performance of wind farms using artificial neural networks. We hope that this book will be useful to an audience interested in the different problems and approaches that are used within the theory of complexity

Dynamics and Analysis of Alignment Models of Collective Behavior

Author: Roman Shvydkoy

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-05-13

Total Pages: 208

ISBN-13: 3030681475

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This book introduces a class of alignment models based on the so-called Cucker-Smale system as well as its kinetic and hydrodynamic counterparts. Cutting edge research in the area of collective behavior is presented, including emerging techniques from fluid mechanics, fractional analysis, and kinetic theory. Analytical aspects are highlighted throughout, such as regularity theory and long time behavior of solutions. Featuring open problems, readers will be motivated to apply these breakthrough methods to future research. The chapters offer an overview of state of the art research with introductions to core concepts. Chapter One introduces the central focus of the book: The agent-based Cucker-Smale system. Further agent-based systems and alignment systems are covered in chapters Two and Three. Following this are chapters covering the kinetic and hydrodynamic variants of the Cucker-Smale system. The core well-posedness theory of both smooth and singular models is then presented. Chapter Eight discusses the fully developed one-dimensional theory. The final chapter presents some of the known partial results concerning the regularity of multidimensional Euler Alignment systems. Dynamics and Analysis of Alignment Models of Collective Behavior is ideal for graduate students and researchers studying PDEs, especially those interested in the active areas of collective behavior and alignment models.

Social Network DeGroot Model

Author: Yucheng Dong

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published:

Total Pages: 175

ISBN-13: 9819704219

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The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion

Author: John Zaller

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1992-08-28

Total Pages: 388

ISBN-13: 9780521407861

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This 1992 book explains how people acquire political information from elites and the mass media and convert it into political preferences.

Multiplex Networks

Author: Emanuele Cozzo

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-06-27

Total Pages: 121

ISBN-13: 3319922556

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This book provides the basis of a formal language and explores its possibilities in the characterization of multiplex networks. Armed with the formalism developed, the authors define structural metrics for multiplex networks. A methodology to generalize monoplex structural metrics to multiplex networks is also presented so that the reader will be able to generalize other metrics of interest in a systematic way. Therefore, this book will serve as a guide for the theoretical development of new multiplex metrics. Furthermore, this Brief describes the spectral properties of these networks in relation to concepts from algebraic graph theory and the theory of matrix polynomials. The text is rounded off by analyzing the different structural transitions present in multiplex systems as well as by a brief overview of some representative dynamical processes. Multiplex Networks will appeal to students, researchers, and professionals within the fields of network science, graph theory, and data science.