China's Unequal Treaties

China's Unequal Treaties PDF

Author: Dong Wang

Publisher: Lexington Books

Published: 2005-10-01

Total Pages: 190

ISBN-13: 0739152971

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This study, based on primary sources, deals with the linguistic development and polemical uses of the expression Unequal Treaties, which refers to the treaties China signed between 1842 and 1946. Although this expression has occupied a central position in both Chinese collective memory and Chinese and English historiographies, this is the first book to offer an in-depth examination of China's encounters with the outside world as manifested in the rhetoric surrounding the Unequal Treaties. Author Dong Wang argues that competing forces within China have narrated and renarrated the history of the treaties in an effort to consolidate national unity, international independence, and political legitimacy and authority. In the twentieth century, she shows, China's experience with these treaties helped to determine their use of international law. Of great relevance for students of contemporary China and Chinese history, as well as Chinese international law and politics, this book illuminates how various Chinese political actors have defined and redefined the past using the framework of the Unequal Treaties.

The Foochow Missionaries, 1847–1880

The Foochow Missionaries, 1847–1880 PDF

Author: Ellsworth C. Carlson

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2020-03-23

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 1684171822

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This detailed study investigates the early decades (1847–1880) of Protestant missionary work in one of the important provincial capitals of China. Missionary activities are examined from the points of view of the missionaries themselves, of the British and American consuls in Foochow, and of the Chinese officials in Foochow and in the Prefectural and District Cities around. The author gives careful consideration to the obstacles to missionary success, including sources of conflict between the missionaries and the Chinese. The Wu-shih-shan incident of 1878 in Foochow is given special attention.

Robert Hart and China’s Early Modernization

Robert Hart and China’s Early Modernization PDF

Author: Richard Smith

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2020-03-23

Total Pages: 607

ISBN-13: 1684172942

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"As the Ch’ing government’s Inspector General of the Maritime Customs Service, Robert Hart was the most influential Westerner in China for half a century. These journal entries continue the sequence begun in Entering China’s Service and cover the years when Hart was setting up Customs procedures, establishing a modus operandi with the Ch’ing bureaucracy, and inspecting the treaty ports. They culminate in Hart’s return visit to Europe with the Pin-ch’un Mission and his marriage in Northern Ireland. Smith, Fairbank, and Bruner interleave the segments of Hart’s journals with lively narratives describing the contemporary Chinese scene and recounting Hart’s responses to the many challenges of establishing a Western-style organization within a Chinese milieu."

Confrontation Over Taiwan

Confrontation Over Taiwan PDF

Author: Leonard H. D. Gordon

Publisher: Lexington Books

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 332

ISBN-13: 9780739118696

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Confrontation over Taiwan: Nineteenth Century China and the Powers is a full and detailed account of international relations of Taiwan during the nineteenth century and specifically, the period between 1840 and 1895. During this time the western powers and Japan were engaged in imperialist designs seeking commercial and strategic gain in the South China Sea, which ultimately led to the Japanese colonization of Taiwan. Leonard Gordon, a diplomatic historian of East Asia, closely examines the foreign policies of China, Great Britain, the United States, France, and Japan. Also taking account of historic events on Taiwan and the mainland, Gordon has researched, in addition to the extensive published national records, unpublished archival materials in Taiwan, Japan, the United States, and Great Britain. Providing a context for understanding the current situation in Taiwan, the thorough research and historical analysis of Confrontation over Taiwan make this an essential book for students of East Asian History and International Affairs.

The Shanghai Taotai

The Shanghai Taotai PDF

Author: Yuen-sang Leung

Publisher: NUS Press

Published: 1990

Total Pages: 260

ISBN-13: 9789971691431

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This is a study of the circuit intendant or taotai under the Ch'ing, particularly the Shanghai taotai. It examines the institutional and historical settings within which the taotai operated and traces the development of the Shanghai taotai office from 1730 through the nineteenth century. The focus of investigation is in examining the adjustment of functions and responsibilities of the taotai and his changing role in the post-Opium War era, particularly in the contexts of foreign relations, modernisation, and local politics. Central to the author's interpretation is the concept of "linkage man" or "linkage position". The Shanghai taotai as a "linkage man" provides vital connection and channel of communication and interaction between two or more separate worlds or value systems and often works as a conflict manager.