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The Political Economy of Merchant Empires
Author: James D. Tracy
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 1997-09-13
Total Pages: 518
ISBN-13: 9780521574648
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This book focuses on why Europe became the dominant economic force in global trade between 1450 and 1750.
The Rise of Merchant Empires
The Rise of Merchant Empires, Longdistance Trade in the Early Modern World 1350-1750
The Rise of Commercial Empires
Author: David Ormrod
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2003-03-13
Total Pages: 428
ISBN-13: 9780521819268
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →A work of major importance for the economic history of both Europe and North America.
The Rise of Merchant Empires
Author: James D. Tracy
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 1990
Total Pages: 468
ISBN-13: 9780521457354
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This volume examines the rise of the many different trading empires from the end of the Middle Ages to the eighteenth century.
Merchants
Author: Edmond Smith
Publisher: Yale University Press
Published: 2021-09-14
Total Pages: 381
ISBN-13: 0300264496
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →A new history of English trade and empire—revealing how a tightly woven community of merchants was the true origin of globalized Britain In the century following Elizabeth I’s rise to the throne, English trade blossomed as thousands of merchants launched ventures across the globe. Through the efforts of these "mere merchants," England developed from a peripheral power on the fringes of Europe to a country at the center of a global commercial web, with interests stretching from Virginia to Ahmadabad and Arkhangelsk to Benin. Edmond Smith traces the lives of English merchants from their earliest steps into business to the heights of their successes. Smith unpicks their behavior, relationships, and experiences, from exporting wool to Russia, importing exotic luxuries from India, and building plantations in America. He reveals that the origins of "global" Britain are found in the stories of these men whose livelihoods depended on their skills, entrepreneurship, and ability to work together to compete in cutthroat international markets. As a community, their efforts would come to revolutionize Britain’s relationship with the world.
Merchants of Medicines
Author: Zachary Dorner
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Published: 2020-07-15
Total Pages: 270
ISBN-13: 022670694X
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The period from the late seventeenth to the early nineteenth century—the so-called long eighteenth century of English history—was a time of profound global change, marked by the expansion of intercontinental empires, long-distance trade, and human enslavement. It was also the moment when medicines, previously produced locally and in small batches, became global products. As greater numbers of British subjects struggled to survive overseas, more medicines than ever were manufactured and exported to help them. Most historical accounts, however, obscure the medicine trade’s dependence on slave labor, plantation agriculture, and colonial warfare. In Merchants of Medicines, Zachary Dorner follows the earliest industrial pharmaceuticals from their manufacture in the United Kingdom, across trade routes, and to the edges of empire, telling a story of what medicines were, what they did, and what they meant. He brings to life business, medical, and government records to evoke a vibrant early modern world of London laboratories, Caribbean estates, South Asian factories, New England timber camps, and ships at sea. In these settings, medicines were produced, distributed, and consumed in new ways to help confront challenges of distance, labor, and authority in colonial territories. Merchants of Medicines offers a new history of economic and medical development across early America, Britain, and South Asia, revealing the unsettlingly close ties among medicine, finance, warfare, and slavery that changed people’s expectations of their health and their bodies.
Pirate Nests and the Rise of the British Empire, 1570-1740
Author: Mark G. Hanna
Publisher: UNC Press Books
Published: 2015-10-22
Total Pages: 464
ISBN-13: 1469617951
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Analyzing the rise and subsequent fall of international piracy from the perspective of colonial hinterlands, Mark G. Hanna explores the often overt support of sea marauders in maritime communities from the inception of England's burgeoning empire in the 1570s to its administrative consolidation by the 1740s. Although traditionally depicted as swashbuckling adventurers on the high seas, pirates played a crucial role on land. Far from a hindrance to trade, their enterprises contributed to commercial development and to the economic infrastructure of port towns. English piracy and unregulated privateering flourished in the Pacific, the Caribbean, and the Indian Ocean because of merchant elites' active support in the North American colonies. Sea marauders represented a real as well as a symbolic challenge to legal and commercial policies formulated by distant and ineffectual administrative bodies that undermined the financial prosperity and defense of the colonies. Departing from previous understandings of deep-sea marauding, this study reveals the full scope of pirates' activities in relation to the landed communities that they serviced and their impact on patterns of development that formed early America and the British Empire.
Translating Empire
Author: Sophus A. Reinert
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Published: 2011-10-17
Total Pages: 454
ISBN-13: 0674063236
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Historians have traditionally used the discourses of free trade and laissez faire to explain the development of political economy during the Enlightenment. But from Sophus Reinert’s perspective, eighteenth-century political economy can be understood only in the context of the often brutal imperial rivalries then unfolding in Europe and its former colonies and the positive consequences of active economic policy. The idea of economic emulation was the prism through which philosophers, ministers, reformers, and even merchants thought about economics, as well as industrial policy and reform, in the early modern period. With the rise of the British Empire, European powers and others sought to selectively emulate the British model. In mapping the general history of economic translations between 1500 and 1849, and particularly tracing the successive translations of the Bristol merchant John Cary’s seminal 1695 Essay on the State of England, Reinert makes a compelling case for the way that England’s aggressively nationalist policies, especially extensive tariffs and other intrusive market interventions, were adopted in France, Italy, Germany, and Scandinavia before providing the blueprint for independence in the New World. Relatively forgotten today, Cary’s work served as the basis for an international move toward using political economy as the prime tool of policymaking and industrial expansion. Reinert’s work challenges previous narratives about the origins of political economy and invites the current generation of economists to reexamine the foundations, and future, of their discipline.
