Marie's Ocean

Marie's Ocean PDF

Author: Josie James

Publisher: Henry Holt and Company (BYR)

Published: 2020-09-22

Total Pages: 27

ISBN-13: 1250806194

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A National Science Teaching Association Best STEM Book of 2021 A NCSS Notable Social Studies Trade Book for Young Readers Honor Selection A Junior Library Guild Selection A mixed-format picture book biography of Marie Tharp, the remarkable woman who mapped the ocean floor. Marie Tharp earned a graduate degree in geology in the 1940s, at a time when scientific careers were largely unavailable to women. Marie’s vision and tenacity paved the way for her to become one of the greatest oceanographic cartographers of the 20th century. She was the first person to map the ocean floor and discover the 40,000 mile long Mid-Ocean Ridge and Rift Valley. Her astounding discovery supported the theory of continental drift, which led to the theory of plate tectonics. But it was not an easy road, and Marie struggled to receive the credit she deserved for her discovery. From Marie Tharp’s early childhood dreams all the way to her defining achievement, Josie James's Marie's Ocean is the story of one of earth science’s greatest hidden figures. Christy Ottaviano Books

Physical Geology

Physical Geology PDF

Author: Steven Earle

Publisher:

Published: 2016-08-12

Total Pages: 628

ISBN-13: 9781537068824

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This is a discount Black and white version. Some images may be unclear, please see BCCampus website for the digital version.This book was born out of a 2014 meeting of earth science educators representing most of the universities and colleges in British Columbia, and nurtured by a widely shared frustration that many students are not thriving in courses because textbooks have become too expensive for them to buy. But the real inspiration comes from a fascination for the spectacular geology of western Canada and the many decades that the author spent exploring this region along with colleagues, students, family, and friends. My goal has been to provide an accessible and comprehensive guide to the important topics of geology, richly illustrated with examples from western Canada. Although this text is intended to complement a typical first-year course in physical geology, its contents could be applied to numerous other related courses.

Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences

Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences PDF

Author: Jan Harff

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2021-01-14

Total Pages: 1000

ISBN-13: 9789400766440

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Globally growing demand of energy and mineral resources, reliable future projection of climate processes and the protection of coasts to mitigate the threats of disasters and hazards require a comprehensive understanding of the structure, ongoing processes and genesis of the marine geosphere. Beyond the “classical” research fields in marine geology in current time more general concepts have been evolved integrating marine geophysics, hydrography, marine biology, climatology and ecology. As an umbrella the term “marine geosciences” has been broadly accepted for this new complex field of research and the solutions of practical tasks in the marine realm. The “Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences” comprises the current knowledge in marine geosciences whereby not only basic but also applied and technical sciences are covered. Through this concept a broad scale of users in the field of marine sciences and techniques is addressed from students and scholars in academia to engineers and decision makers in industry and politics.

The Rift in the Ocean

The Rift in the Ocean PDF

Author: AQEEL AHMED

Publisher: AQEEL AHMED

Published: 2024-02-21

Total Pages: 29

ISBN-13: 1998240827

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The story of "The Rift in the Ocean" is full of the thrill of adventure, the comfort of friendship, and the bravery of taking risks. Finley, a happy teenage dolphin with a curious mind and brave limbs, is the main character of this story. Things change in his life when he finds a strange hole at the bottom of the ocean. This crack in the ocean floor is more than just a crack; it's the beginning of an amazing journey that lets Finley and his friends discover new places. Finley is very interested in everything, so he gets his best friends—Coral, a wise and experienced turtle; Squirt, a happy squid who is always up for a good time; and Shelly, a shy but caring seahorse—together to look into this strange split. They both dive down and find that they are in a secret valley that is much deeper than they thought. This valley is full of amazing things. There are bright corals, strange lights, and species that are so beautiful and rare that they look like they are from another world. Razor is a strong shark that wants to destroy this peaceful haven because he wants the valley's most valuable secret: a magical pearl that protects and charms the area. Razor and his gang's arrival is very bad for the safety and peace of the valley. Finley and his friends show what true bravery looks like when they are in such danger. They bring the animals of the valley together, building a relationship based on trust and the desire to protect their beautiful home. Because the valley is different, they use that to their advantage as they fight Razor with smart plans, unwavering bravery, and the power of their friendship. In the end, the fight makes their relationship stronger by pushing them to their limits and teaching them how important it is to stick together through tough times. Their adventure comes to an end in a sad way. Finley and his friends have to leave the beautiful valley, even if they win. They promise to keep the secret of the valley safe and will come back to their ocean, full of memories from the amazing trip. "The Rift in the Ocean" is more than just a story. It's a celebration of the amazing things that lie below the ocean's surface, the bravery needed to go into the unknown, and the strong bonds that make every journey worth it. Chapter 1: An Interesting Find Finley was a young dolphin who liked to explore. He lived in the deep blue ocean, where the waves whispered secrets and the sun lit up everything in golden hues. Finley was very interested in new things and was amazed when he found something new. He liked swimming across the ocean quickly and elegantly. Finley was having fun on the sand of the beach one day when she noticed something strange. She ran quickly between coral and rocks. Unlike the small holes and cracks, he had seen before, where crabs and fish loved to hide, this hole or crack in the ground was pretty big. This crack was different from the others because it was big and wide, going beyond Finley's view. Finley was most interested in the strange light coming from the crack. It wasn't the shine of the fish scales or the way the sand on the bottom reflected the sun. It was a soft pulse of light with colors Finley had never seen before. It was out of this world. The crack seemed to be alive because it was drawing light from deep inside the Earth. Finley was so happy and a little scared to keep this news to himself. He knew that his friends would want to see this interesting crack for themselves, so he thought about them. Each of them had their own skills and hobbies. He thought about how they would respond, what they would ask, and the trip they could take together. He thought, "What could be down there?" The thoughts came to him quickly, like light from the crack, making him want to look more closely and learn more. "Is it a hidden world, a treasure, or maybe a gateway to a place no dolphin has ever seen before?" he asked himself. Finley ran across the lake without stopping because he was excited to tell his friends what he had found. He thought that people who lived near water would tell stories about their trip into the unknown for many years to come. This crack in the sea floor was more than just a crack. It was a doorway to wonder and the unknown, just waiting to be found. Finley got very brave and determined all of a sudden. Finley wasn't just a dolphin; he was a friend, an explorer, and an adventurer who helped his friends find out about the secrets of the deep. He felt like the sea was pushing him to swim faster, and the waves led him to his friends and the beginning of their amazing trip. This was the start of something amazing that would change their lives forever. Finley couldn't wait to start this journey and find the wonders that lay beneath the calm part of the ocean where the sky and water were the same color. Chapter 2: Getting the Group Together Finley's friends crowded around, shocked and delighted by what he had found out of the blue. Coral, the old and wise turtle, gave a serious nod. Her shell was worn from years of exploring the water's wonders. She had seen a lot in her long life, but a crack in the ocean floor that was on fire was something she had never seen before. The squid named Squirt was having too much fun. He moved his limbs around in the water, making a kaleidoscope of bright ink clouds around him. Whenever there was a puzzle or an exciting adventure like this one, he was eager to take part. Then there was Shelly, the shy seahorse. Her tiny fins were moving back and forth in fear. She was the most private person in the group and often chose to be alone in the coral reefs for safety. Still, the thought of finding something new, something no one had ever seen before, gave her the bravery she didn't know she had. They paid close attention as Finley talked about the shining crack. His words made them think of riches and secret places that were just waiting to be found. The bond between these people lasted through the ocean's vastness and its many wonders and dangers. They were sure that they could handle any task that the deep water would bring.

Sedimentation and Tectonics in Rift Basins Red Sea:- Gulf of Aden

Sedimentation and Tectonics in Rift Basins Red Sea:- Gulf of Aden PDF

Author: B.H. Purser

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 700

ISBN-13: 9401149305

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Sedimentation and Tectonics in Rift Basins: Red Sea - Gulf of Aden presents new case studies and synthesises the results of recent research on the sedimentological evolution of the Red Sea - Gulf of Aden rift system. This rift basin is generally regarded as the best natural geological laboratory in the world in which to study the processes of rift formation. Uplift of the rift margins in an arid climate results in extensive three-dimensional exposures of pre- and syn-rift strata and associated structures. These serve as analogues for the understanding and hydrocarbon exploration of deeper buried rift-systems on continental margins such as the North Sea and the Atlantic margins. The Red Sea - Gulf of Aden rift is also exceptional in that its stratigraphy spans all stages from pre-rift environments, syn-rift continental to marine environments through the rift to drift transition to post-rift sea-floor spreading. The work is arranged in eight sections: following a review of the sedimentology and stratigraphy of rift basins, the magmatism and structural evolution of the Red Sea - Gulf of Aden rift is reviewed. Subsequently, new case studies are presented of the early rifting environment, syn-rift sedimentation, tectonics and diagenesis, evaporites and salt tectonics. Post-rift sediments of the axial trough are then discussed along with studies of reefs, coastal zone and shelf sediments, and the tectonic geomorphology of the rift margin escarpment. This work results from extensive new research in the rift basin largely carried out under collaborative research projects by European and Middle Eastern geologists. It will be an invaluable reference work for geoscientists in the hydrocarbon, groundwater and mineral extraction industries, as well as for researchers in university departments of earth sciences, mining and physical geography.

Regional Geology and Tectonics: Phanerozoic Rift Systems and Sedimentary Basins

Regional Geology and Tectonics: Phanerozoic Rift Systems and Sedimentary Basins PDF

Author: David G. Roberts

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-04-23

Total Pages: 566

ISBN-13: 0444563636

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Expert petroleum geologists David Roberts and Albert Bally bring you Regional Geology and Tectonics: Phanerozoic Rift Systems and Sedimentary Basins, volume two in a three-volume series covering Phanerozoic regional geology and tectonics. Experience in analyzing and assessing rifts—locations where the Earth’s outer shell and crust have been stretched over time by seismic activity—is critical for you as an exploration geologist in identifying Earth’s most lucrative hydrocarbon locations in which extraction is both efficient and safe. Vast compilations of related industry data present regional seismic lines and cross sections, and summaries of analogue and theoretical models are provided as an essential backdrop to the structure and stratigraphy of various geological settings. Named a 2013 Outstanding Academic Title by the American Library Association's Choice publication A practical reference for petroleum geologists that discusses the importance of rift systems and the structural evolution of the Earth Analyses of active rifts in East Africa, China, Siberia, the Gulf of Suez, and the Russian Arctic provide immediately implementable petroleum exploration applications in regions heavily targeted by oil & gas companies Presents overviews of sequence stratigraphy in rifts and structural controls on clastic and carbonate sedimentation—critical to the exact mapping of the most lucrative hydrocarbon locations by exploration geologists

The Morphostructure of the Atlantic Ocean Floor

The Morphostructure of the Atlantic Ocean Floor PDF

Author: V.M. Litvin

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 183

ISBN-13: 9400962452

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The study of the topography and structure of the ocean floor is one of the most important stages in ascertaining the geological structure and history of development of the Earth's oceanic crust. This, in its turn, provides a means for purposeful, scientifically-substantiated prospecting, exploration and development of the mineral resources of the ocean. The Atlantic Ocean has been geologically and geophysically studied to a great extent and many years of investigating its floor have revealed the laws governing the structure of the major forms of its submarine relief (e. g. , the continental shelf, the continental slope, the transition zones, the ocean bed, and the Mid-Oceanic Ridge). The basic features of the Earth's oceanic crust structure, anomalous geophysical fields, and the thickness and structure of its sedimentary cover have also been studied. Based on the investigations of the Atlantic Ocean floor and its surrounding continents, the presently prevalent concept of new global tectonics has appeared. A great number of works devoted to the results of geomorphological, geolog ical, and geophysical studies of the Atlantic Ocean floor have appeared. In the U. S. S. R. , such summarizing works as The Geomorphology of the Atlantic Ocean Floor [34], Types of Bottom Sediments of the Atlantic Ocean [24], The Geology of the Atlantic Ocean [38], and, somewhat earlier, Geophysical Studies of the Earth's Crust Structure in the Atlantic Ocean [13], have been published.

The South China Sea

The South China Sea PDF

Author: Pinxian Wang

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-05-27

Total Pages: 506

ISBN-13: 140209745X

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Pinxian Wang and Qianyu Li The South China Sea (SCS) (Fig. 1. 1) offers a special attraction for Earth scientists world-wide because of its location and its well-preserved hemipelagic sediments. As the largest one of the marginal seas separating Asia from the Paci?c, the largest continent from the largest ocean, the SCS functions as a focal point in land-sea int- actions of the Earth system. Climatically, the SCS is located between the Western Paci?c Warm Pool, the centre of global heating at the sea level, and the Tibetan Plateau, the centre of heating at an altitude of 5,000m. Geomorphologically, the SCS lies to the east of the highest peak on earth, Zhumulangma or Everest in the Himalayas (8,848m elevation) and to the west of the deepest trench in the ocean, Philippine Trench (10,497m water depth) (Wang P. 2004). Biogeographically, the SCS belongs to the so-called “East Indies Triangle” where modern marine and terrestrial biodiversity reaches a global maximum (Briggs 1999). Among the major marginal sea basins from the west Paci?c, the SCS presents some of the best conditions for accumulating complete paleoclimatic records in its hemipelagic deposits. These records are favorable for high-resolution pa- oceanographic studies because of high sedimentation rates and good carbonate preservation. It may not be merely a coincidence that two cores from the southern 14 SCS were among the ?rst several cores in the world ocean used by AMS C dating for high-resolution stratigraphy (Andree et al. 1986; Broecker et al. 1988).

Soundings

Soundings PDF

Author: Hali Felt

Publisher: Macmillan + ORM

Published: 2013-07-02

Total Pages: 444

ISBN-13: 1466847468

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Her maps of the ocean floor have been called "one of the most remarkable achievements in modern cartography", yet no one knows her name. Soundings is the story of the enigmatic, unknown woman behind one of the greatest achievements of the 20th century. Before Marie Tharp, geologist and gifted draftsperson, the whole world, including most of the scientific community, thought the ocean floor was a vast expanse of nothingness. In 1948, at age 28, Marie walked into the newly formed geophysical lab at Columbia University and practically demanded a job. The scientists at the lab were all male; the women who worked there were relegated to secretary or assistant. Through sheer willpower and obstinacy, Marie was given the job of interpreting the soundings (records of sonar pings measuring the ocean's depths) brought back from the ocean-going expeditions of her male colleagues. The marriage of artistry and science behind her analysis of this dry data gave birth to a major work: the first comprehensive map of the ocean floor, which laid the groundwork for proving the then-controversial theory of continental drift. When combined, Marie's scientific knowledge, her eye for detail and her skill as an artist revealed not a vast empty plane, but an entire world of mountains and volcanoes, ridges and rifts, and a gateway to the past that allowed scientists the means to imagine how the continents and the oceans had been created over time. Just as Marie dedicated more than twenty years of her professional life to what became the Lamont Geological Observatory, engaged in the task of mapping every ocean on Earth, she dedicated her personal life to her great friendship with her co-worker, Bruce Heezen. Partners in work and in many ways, partners in life, Marie and Bruce were devoted to one another as they rose to greater and greater prominence in the scientific community, only to be envied and finally dismissed by their beloved institute. They went on together, refining and perfecting their work and contributing not only to humanity's vision of the ocean floor, but to the way subsequent generations would view the Earth as a whole. With an imagination as intuitive as Marie's, brilliant young writer Hali Felt brings to vivid life the story of the pioneering scientist whose work became the basis for the work of others scientists for generations to come.