The Pulmonary Endothelium

The Pulmonary Endothelium PDF

Author: Norbert Voelkel

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2009-08-25

Total Pages: 532

ISBN-13: 9780470747506

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The Pulmonary Endothelium is a uniquely comprehensive compendium of our current knowledge of the pulmonary endothelium and is the first book dedicated specifically to the subject, offering insights into current and future approaches to management. The text provides the clinician with the most up-to-date information on one of the core physiological processes in airway disease and is an ideal point of reference for both postgraduates and professionals – specialist physicians in pulmonology and allergy and workers in biomedical and pharmaceutical research.

Lung Endothelium

Lung Endothelium PDF

Author: Mary I. Townsley

Publisher: Biota Publishing

Published: 2015-09-01

Total Pages: 68

ISBN-13: 1615044493

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Pulmonary endothelium forms the inner lining of blood vessels, where it interprets the complex mechanical and chemical environment within the circulation and adjusts its behavior to facilitate vascular homeostasis. Although endothelium fulfills many essential functions, including regulation of vascular pressure, circulating cell transmigration, coagulation, and hormone metabolism and/or delivery, a principal role is to form a semi-permeable barrier that limits fluid, solute and macromolecular access to the interstitial space. Physiological properties that govern such permeability characteristics are defined by the Starling equation, which assumes that endothelial cells throughout the circulation are all alike. However, in recent years it has become evident that endothelial cells in pulmonary arteries, capillary and veins are heterogeneous in structure and function. Here, we review evidence for endothelial heterogeneity among these pulmonary vascular segments, and consider the implications for such heterogeneity in lung fluid balance, especially as it relates to the Starling equation.

Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial Cells

Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial Cells PDF

Author: Joyce N. Gonzales

Publisher:

Published: 2018

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (ECs) line the surface of the lung vasculature and accommodate the various levels of blood flow. Pulmonary endothelium is a critical regulator of vascular homeostasis by inhibiting coagulation of the blood. The ECs bind tissue factor pathway inhibitors (TFPI), modulate hemostasis with opposing effects such as antiplatelet, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic properties. Lung endothelium regulates synthesis and metabolism of vasoactive compounds such as nitric oxide and endothelin-1, both potent regulators of vascular tone. Cytokines, chemokines, interleukins, adhesion molecules, and growth factors can be secreted by pulmonary ECs with positive and adverse effects. Pulmonary endothelium exhibits heterogeneity with diverse expression of molecules and specific differences in signaling induced by various infections such as Gram-positive bacteria. The distinction of macro or microvascular endothelium occurs from the larger vessels to small capillaries in the lung alveoli system. Lectin-binding patterns discriminate between pulmonary artery and pulmonary microvascular capillary endothelium. The lung is one of the body's organs with the highest expression of vascular endothelial growth factor that stimulates small vessel formation of the microvascular endothelium. Acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease are two prototypes of devastating diseases caused by pulmonary EC dysfunction.

Molecular Mechanism of Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension

Molecular Mechanism of Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension PDF

Author: Toshio Nakanishi

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-02-28

Total Pages: 374

ISBN-13: 9811511853

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This open access book focuses on the molecular mechanism of congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension, offering new insights into the development of pulmonary circulation and the ductus arteriosus. It describes in detail the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and morphogenesis of the heart, lungs and ductus arteriosus, covering a range of topics such as gene functions, growth factors, transcription factors and cellular interactions, as well as stem cell engineering technologies. The book also presents recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanism of lung development, pulmonary hypertension and molecular regulation of the ductus arteriosus. As such, it is an ideal resource for physicians, scientists and investigators interested in the latest findings on the origins of congenital heart disease and potential future therapies involving pulmonary circulation/hypertension and the ductus arteriosus.

Perspectives on Lung Endothelial Barrier Function

Perspectives on Lung Endothelial Barrier Function PDF

Author: C.E. Patterson

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2005-04

Total Pages: 540

ISBN-13: 0444518347

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Covers endothelial biology from the fundamentals of structure and lung fluid balance physiology to descriptions of the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of lung failure. This illustrated text provides the knowledge of endothelial function, vascular integrity, pulmonary function, and pathophysiology in respiratory failure.

Pulmonary Actions of the Endothelins

Pulmonary Actions of the Endothelins PDF

Author: Goldie

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 1999-03

Total Pages: 292

ISBN-13: 9783764358594

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This book addresses the subject of the biology of the endothelin peptides in the lung, with particular reference to the respiratory tract and the possible mediator roles of these peptides in lung disease. The book provides an up-to-date analysis of the current literature concerning the actions of the endothelins in the lung. Specific chapters are devoted to our current understanding of endothelin synthesis, receptor subtype activation, distribution and density in the airways, its actions in vascular and airway smooth muscle and nerves and its role in tissue development, differentiation and disease. This volume will be of interest to both nonclinical and clinical researchers in pulmonary biology, as well as to teachers in academic disciplines targetting aspects of lung function and disease.

Endothelial Biomedicine

Endothelial Biomedicine PDF

Author: William C. Aird

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2007-09-03

Total Pages: 25

ISBN-13: 1139465872

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The endothelium, the cell layer that forms the inner lining of blood vessels, is a spatially distributed system that extends to all areas of the human body. Clinical and basic research demonstrates that the endothelium plays a crucial role in mediating homeostasis and is involved in virtually every disease, either as a primary determinant of pathophysiology or as a victim of collateral damage. The endothelium has remarkable, though largely untapped, diagnostic and therapeutic potential. This volume bridges the bench-to-bedside gap in endothelial biomedicine, advancing research and development and improving human health. The book is the first to systematically integrate knowledge about the endothelium from different organ-specific disciplines, including neurology, pulmonary, cardiology, gastroenterology, rheumatology, infectious disease, hematology-oncology, nephrology, and dermatology. It's interdisciplinary approach, which draws on expertise from such diverse fields as evolutionary biology, comparative biology, molecular and cell biology, mathematical modeling and complexity theory, translational research, and clinical medicine.

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