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The OSI Layers and Protocol Stacks

Author: Eric Coll

Publisher: Teracom Training Institute

Published: 2023-02-09

Total Pages: 72

ISBN-13: 1988138132

The OSI Layers and Protocol Stacks There are so many functions that must be performed to interoperate systems, a structure is required to organize the functions so that separate issues can be treated separately. We'll explore the most commonly-used structure, the ISO Open Systems Interconnection 7-Layer Reference Model. You'll learn what a layer is, the purpose of each layer, examples of protocols like TCP and IP used to implement layers, and gain a true understanding of how a protocol stack works for applications like web surfing and VoIP. Telecom Module 12 Detailed Outline 12 OSI Layers and Protocol Stacks 12.1 Protocols and Standards ..... 12.1.1 Functions To Be Performed ..... 12.1.2 Monolithic vsStructured Protocols ..... 12.1.3 Open Systems and Standards 12.2 ISO OSI Reference Model ..... 12.2.1 Layers ..... 12.2.2 Separability of the Layers ..... 12.2.3 Protocol Stacks 12.3 The OSI 7-Layer Model 12.4 Physical Layer: 802.3, DSL, DOCSIS, Wireless 12.5 Data Link Layer: 802 MAC ..... 12.5.1 LANs, Frames and Layer 2 Switches ..... 12.5.2 MAC Frames and MAC Addresses ..... 12.5.3 Other Data Link Protocols 12.6 Network Layer: IP and MPLS ..... 12.6.1 Packet-Switched Networks ..... 12.6.2 Routing Table Updates ..... 12.6.3 MPLS 12.7 Transport Layer: TCP and UDP ..... 12.7.1 Reliability ..... 12.7.2 Port Numbers 12.8 Session Layer: POP, SIP, HTTP ..... 12.8.1 Password Authentication ..... 12.8.2 Authentication Servers ..... 12.8.3 Password Caching ..... 12.8.4 Cookies ..... 12.8.5 Client-Server Sessions ..... 12.8.6 Peer-Peer Sessions 12.9 Presentation Layer: ASCII, Encryption, Codecs 12.9.1 Character Coding ..... 12.9.2 E-Mail Coding ..... 12.9.3 Codecs ..... 12.9.4 Data Compression ..... 12.9.5 Symmetric Encryption: Private Key ..... 12.9.6 Asymmetric Encryption: Public Key Encryption and Digital Signatures ..... 12.9.7 Example of Separability of Layers ..... 12.9.8 Example of Peer Protocol 12.10 Application Layer: SMTP, HTML, English … ..... 12.10.1 Email ..... 12.10.2 More Application Layer Examples 12.11 Protocol Stacks ..... 12.11.1 Example: Web Surfing ..... 12.11.2 Voice over IP 12.12 Protocol Stack in Operation: Ukrainian Dolls ..... 12.12.1 Communications Flow ..... 12.12.2 Segmentation at Each Layer ..... 12.12.3 Nested Headers 12.13 Standards Organizations ..... 12.13.1 ISO ..... 12.13.2 DOD and IETF ..... 12.13.3 ITU and Bellcore ..... 12.13.4 TIA and IEEE ..... 12.13.5 3GPP ..... 12.13.6 ANSI

The TCP/IP Guide

Author: Charles M. Kozierok

Publisher: No Starch Press

Published: 2005-10-01

Total Pages: 1618

ISBN-13: 159327047X

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From Charles M. Kozierok, the creator of the highly regarded www.pcguide.com, comes The TCP/IP Guide. This completely up-to-date, encyclopedic reference on the TCP/IP protocol suite will appeal to newcomers and the seasoned professional alike. Kozierok details the core protocols that make TCP/IP internetworks function and the most important classic TCP/IP applications, integrating IPv6 coverage throughout. Over 350 illustrations and hundreds of tables help to explain the finer points of this complex topic. The book’s personal, user-friendly writing style lets readers of all levels understand the dozens of protocols and technologies that run the Internet, with full coverage of PPP, ARP, IP, IPv6, IP NAT, IPSec, Mobile IP, ICMP, RIP, BGP, TCP, UDP, DNS, DHCP, SNMP, FTP, SMTP, NNTP, HTTP, Telnet, and much more. The TCP/IP Guide is a must-have addition to the libraries of internetworking students, educators, networking professionals, and those working toward certification.

Networking Fundamentals

Author: Crystal Panek

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2019-11-12

Total Pages: 342

ISBN-13: 1119650747

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A clear and concise resource on Windows networking, perfect for IT beginners Did you know that nearly 85% of IT support roles require a good understanding of networking concepts? If you are looking to advance your IT career, you will need a foundational understanding of Windows networking. Network Fundamentals covers everything you need to know about network infrastructures, hardware, protocols, and services. You will learn everything you need to gain the highly in-demand Networking Fundamentals MTA Certification. This entry-level credential could be your first step into a rewarding, stable and lucrative IT career. This new Sybex guide covers the basics of networking starting from the “ground level,” so no previous IT knowledge is required. Each chapter features approachable discussion of the latest networking technologies and concepts, closing with a quiz so you can test your knowledge before moving to the next section. Even if you are brand new to computers, Network Fundamentals will guide you to confidence and mastery. Understand wired and wireless networks in every detail Learn everything you need to attain the Networking Fundamentals MTA Certification Test your knowledge with end-of-chapter quiz questions Understand internet protocol (IP) and categorize IPv4 addresses Work with networking services and area networks Define network infrastructures and network security, including intranets, extranets, and VPNs Beginning and established IT professionals looking to understand more about networking will gain the knowledge to create a network diagram and confidently explain basic networking concepts. Thanks to the features in this book, you will be able to apply your new networking skills in real world situations and feel confident when taking the certification test.

TCP/IP Network Administration

Author: Craig Hunt

Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 746

ISBN-13: 0596002971

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"Covers Linux, Solaris, BSD, and System V TCP/IP implementations"--Back cover.

Internet of Things for Architects

Author: Perry Lea

Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd

Published: 2018-01-22

Total Pages: 514

ISBN-13: 1788475747

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Learn to design, implement and secure your IoT infrastructure Key Features Build a complete IoT system that is the best fit for your organization Learn about different concepts, technologies, and tradeoffs in the IoT architectural stack Understand the theory, concepts, and implementation of each element that comprises IoT design—from sensors to the cloud Implement best practices to ensure the reliability, scalability, robust communication systems, security, and data analysis in your IoT infrastructure Book Description The Internet of Things (IoT) is the fastest growing technology market. Industries are embracing IoT technologies to improve operational expenses, product life, and people's well-being. An architectural guide is necessary if you want to traverse the spectrum of technologies needed to build a successful IoT system, whether that's a single device or millions of devices. This book encompasses the entire spectrum of IoT solutions, from sensors to the cloud. We start by examining modern sensor systems and focus on their power and functionality. After that, we dive deep into communication theory, paying close attention to near-range PAN, including the new Bluetooth® 5.0 specification and mesh networks. Then, we explore IP-based communication in LAN and WAN, including 802.11ah, 5G LTE cellular, SigFox, and LoRaWAN. Next, we cover edge routing and gateways and their role in fog computing, as well as the messaging protocols of MQTT and CoAP. With the data now in internet form, you'll get an understanding of cloud and fog architectures, including the OpenFog standards. We wrap up the analytics portion of the book with the application of statistical analysis, complex event processing, and deep learning models. Finally, we conclude by providing a holistic view of the IoT security stack and the anatomical details of IoT exploits while countering them with software defined perimeters and blockchains. What you will learn Understand the role and scope of architecting a successful IoT deployment, from sensors to the cloud Scan the landscape of IoT technologies that span everything from sensors to the cloud and everything in between See the trade-offs in choices of protocols and communications in IoT deployments Build a repertoire of skills and the vernacular necessary to work in the IoT space Broaden your skills in multiple engineering domains necessary for the IoT architect Who this book is for This book is for architects, system designers, technologists, and technology managers who want to understand the IoT ecosphere, various technologies, and tradeoffs and develop a 50,000-foot view of IoT architecture.

OSI Reference Model for Telecommunications

Author: Debbra Wetteroth

Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional

Published: 2001-12-18

Total Pages: 417

ISBN-13: 0071416056

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OSI IN THE VOICE ENVIRONMENT HERE’S STRAIGHTFORWARD EXPLANATIONS OF THE OSI LAYERS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO TELECOM SERVICE AND EQUIPMENT. WHETHER YOU NEED ANWERS ON HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, ERROR CONTROL OR INTERFACES, LOOK INSIDE FOR BASIC FACTS AND HOW TO MANAGE THOSE CRITICAL “SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES” The OSI (Open System Interconnection) Reference Model is a cornerstone of modern network design. Although the OSI model has become almost synonymous with data communications, it serves the public switched telephone network (PSTN) as well and is a productive way to organize and teach the building blocks of telecom systems. In OSI Reference Model for Telecommunications, hands-on expert Debbra Wetteroth provides telecom staffers the information they need to gain a working knowledge of this essential telecom service architecture and equipment. Her style that breaks down the barriers between data and voice vocabularies. This quick reference to the OSI model puts the data you need everyday at your fingertips. Look inside for an understandable schematics of: * Mapping PSTN functions to OSI * The basics of successful data transmissions * What OSI is and does * The components that make up OSI * OSI “common knowledge” (the kind that’s not always so common), such as numbering system, signaling rates, and noise distortion data * A detailed description of Layers 1 to 3 and a thorough review of the Transport Layer. For each layer, you’ll learn roles, functions, definitions, and more This unique volume will prove invaluable to telecommunications technicians, field supervisors, switch managers, network analysts, network designers, and anyone else who needs detailed explanation of the many components of OSI.

JUNOS Enterprise Switching

Author: Harry Reynolds

Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."

Published: 2009-07-16

Total Pages: 754

ISBN-13: 1449379184

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JUNOS Enterprise Switching is the only detailed technical book on Juniper Networks' new Ethernet-switching EX product platform. With this book, you'll learn all about the hardware and ASIC design prowess of the EX platform, as well as the JUNOS Software that powers it. Not only is this extremely practical book a useful, hands-on manual to the EX platform, it also makes an excellent study guide for certification exams in the JNTCP enterprise tracks. The authors have based JUNOS Enterprise Switching on their own Juniper training practices and programs, as well as the configuration, maintenance, and troubleshooting guidelines they created for their bestselling companion book, JUNOS Enterprise Routing. Using a mix of test cases, case studies, use cases, and tangential answers to real-world problems, this book covers: Enterprise switching and virtual LANs (VLANs) The Spanning tree protocol and why it's needed Inter-VLAN routing, including route tables and preferences Routing policy and firewall filters Switching security, such as DHCP snooping Telephony integration, including VLAN voice Part of the Juniper Networks Technical Library, JUNOS Enterprise Switching provides all-inclusive coverage of the Juniper Networks EX product platform, including architecture and packet flow, management options, user interface options, and complete details on JUNOS switch deployment.

The Switch Book

Author: Rich Seifert

Publisher: Wiley-Interscience

Published: 2000-07-11

Total Pages: 728

ISBN-13:

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* Explores the architecture and data flow through a typical switch, including an analysis of switch fabric options

Packet Guide to Core Network Protocols

Author: Bruce Hartpence

Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."

Published: 2011-06-03

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13: 1449313248

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Take an in-depth tour of core Internet protocols and learn how they work together to move data packets from one network to another. With this updated edition, you’ll dive into the aspects of each protocol, including operation basics and security risks, and learn the function of network hardware such as switches and routers. New chapters examine the transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol in detail. Ideal for beginning network engineers, each chapter in this book includes a set of review questions, as well as practical, hands-on lab exercises. You’ll explore topics including: Basic network architecture: how protocols and functions fit together The structure and operation of the Ethernet protocol TCP/IP protocol fields, operations, and addressing used for networks The address resolution process in a typical IPv4 network Switches, access points, routers, and components that process packets TCP details, including packet content and client-server packet flow How the Internet Control Message Protocol provides error messages during network operations How network mask (subnetting) helps determine the network The operation, structure, and common uses of the user datagram protocol

The Open Book

Author: Marshall T. Rose

Publisher:

Published: 1990

Total Pages: 696

ISBN-13:

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The OSI protocol suite (an internationally standardized set of rules for computer communications) offers a unique promise: it has the potential to provide a political and technical solution to world-wide networking. Computers--from supers to workstations and PCs, from the executive suite to the laboratory, and from Palo Alto to London, or anywhere--can all share a common set of rules for communicating. But, with any emerging technology, there are numerous questions to be answered and issues to be addressed. The Open Book is designed to examine those complex questions and issues and provide a balanced set of perspectives.