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The Nucleolus and Ribosome Biogenesis

Author: A.A. Hadjiolov

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 281

ISBN-13: 3709187427

The nucleolus had consistently attracted the attention of investigators in the fields of cell biology and pathology. Because of its ubiquitous presence in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, its rapid changes during their life cycle, and its rapid response to noxious agents, this organelle has been the subject of a large number of studies. Yet, the exact function and the very reason for the existence of the nucleolus (the only large cellular structure not delimited by a membrane) remain largely unknown. The ribosomes were discovered relatively late in the study of cells, but due to their crucial involvement in the protein synthesis machinery of all living organisms, the elucidation of their structure and function quickly became one of the major goals of molecular biology. The relatively simple structure of the ribosome strengthens the hope that a full understanding of the structure and function of this organelle in molecular terms is within the reach of contemporary research~ Since each of the rRNA and protein molecules embodied in the ribosome is the product of a distinct gene, studies on the biogenesis of ribosomes expanded rapidly to become a core topic in molecular genetics.

The Nucleolus

Author: Mark O. J. Olson

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-09-15

Total Pages: 434

ISBN-13: 1461405149

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Within the past two decades, extraordinary new functions for the nucleolus have begun to appear, giving the field a new vitality and generating renewed excitement and interest. These new discoveries include both newly-discovered functions and aspects of its conventional role. The Nucleolus is divided into three parts: nucleolar structure and organization, the role of the nucleolus in ribosome biogenesis, and novel functions of the nucleolus.

The Liver

Author: Irwin M. Arias

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2020-03-09

Total Pages: 1156

ISBN-13: 1119436826

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Bridging the gap between basic scientific advances and the understanding of liver disease — the extensively revised new edition of the premier text in the field. The latest edition of The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology remains a definitive volume in the field of hepatology, relating advances in biomedical sciences and engineering to understanding of liver structure, function, and disease pathology and treatment. Contributions from leading researchers examine the cell biology of the liver, the pathobiology of liver disease, the liver’s growth, regeneration, metabolic functions, and more. Now in its sixth edition, this classic text has been exhaustively revised to reflect new discoveries in biology and their influence on diagnosing, managing, and preventing liver disease. Seventy new chapters — including substantial original sections on liver cancer and groundbreaking advances that will have significant impact on hepatology — provide comprehensive, fully up-to-date coverage of both the current state and future direction of hepatology. Topics include liver RNA structure and function, gene editing, single-cell and single-molecule genomic analyses, the molecular biology of hepatitis, drug interactions and engineered drug design, and liver disease mechanisms and therapies. Edited by globally-recognized experts in the field, this authoritative volume: Relates molecular physiology to understanding disease pathology and treatment Links the science and pathology of the liver to practical clinical applications Features 16 new “Horizons” chapters that explore new and emerging science and technology Includes plentiful full-color illustrations and figures The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, Sixth Edition is an indispensable resource for practicing and trainee hepatologists, gastroenterologists, hepatobiliary and liver transplant surgeons, and researchers and scientists in areas including hepatology, cell and molecular biology, virology, and drug metabolism.

The Nucleolus

Author: Mark O. J. Olson

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2011-09-08

Total Pages: 414

ISBN-13: 9781461405153

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The Nucleolus

Author: E. G. Jordan

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1982-06-24

Total Pages: 236

ISBN-13: 9780521237345

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RNA-Based Regulation in Human Health and Disease

Author:

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2020-08-19

Total Pages: 444

ISBN-13: 0128171944

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RNA-based Regulation in Human Health and Disease offers an in-depth exploration of RNA mediated genome regulation at different hierarchies. Beginning with multitude of canonical and non-canonical RNA populations, especially noncoding RNA in human physiology and evolution, further sections examine the various classes of RNAs (from small to large noncoding and extracellular RNAs), functional categories of RNA regulation (RNA-binding proteins, alternative splicing, RNA editing, antisense transcripts and RNA G-quadruplexes), dynamic aspects of RNA regulation modulating physiological homeostasis (aging), role of RNA beyond humans, tools and technologies for RNA research (wet lab and computational) and future prospects for RNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics. One of the core strengths of the book includes spectrum of disease-specific chapters from experts in the field highlighting RNA-based regulation in metabolic & neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, inflammatory disease, viral and bacterial infections. We hope the book helps researchers, students and clinicians appreciate the role of RNA-based regulation in genome regulation, aiding the development of useful biomarkers for prognosis, diagnosis, and novel RNA-based therapeutics. Comprehensive information of non-canonical RNA-based genome regulation modulating human health and disease Defines RNA classes with special emphasis on unexplored world of noncoding RNA at different hierarchies Disease specific role of RNA - causal, prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic Features contributions from leading experts in the field

Emerging Concepts in Ribosome Structure, Biogenesis, and Function

Author: Vijay Kumar

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2021-09-30

Total Pages: 296

ISBN-13: 012816364X

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Emerging Concepts in Ribosome Structure, Biogenesis, and Function provides a synthesized overview on all parts in this process. The book begins with an introduction to the ribosome factory, its origin and its evolution of translation. Sections discuss subunits, RNA, protein components, and its emergence as a frontier research area for translational potential in cancer and other diseases. In addition, the book explores current developments in ribosome research, including the emergence of ribosomopathies, how deregulation of ribosome biogenesis can impact disease mechanisms and aging, and the discovery of specialized ribosomes. This book provides the emerging research on ribosomes, their biogenesis, and other important topics on structure and function. Therefore, it will serve as a resourceful introduction for both new researchers and those engaged in interdisciplinary ribosomal research.

Emerging Concepts in Ribosome Structure, Biogenesis, and Function

Author: Vijay Kumar

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2021-09-25

Total Pages: 298

ISBN-13: 0128167343

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Ribosome biogenesis is the process of making ribosomes which are responsible for mRNA translation into proteins. It is a tightly regulated process closely linked to nearly all biochemical and cellular processes, including cell division, growth, and development. Emerging Concepts in Ribosome Structure, Biogenesis, and Function provides a synthesized overview of all the parts engaged in this process. The book begins by providing an introduction to the ribosome factory, its origin, and its evolution of translation. It then goes on to describe ribosome structure including subunits, RNA, and protein components. Ribosome biogenesis and its emergence as a frontier research area for translational potential in cancer and other diseases are also discussed. In addition, the book explores current developments in ribosome research like the emergence of ribosomopathies, how deregulation of ribosome biogenesis can impact disease mechanisms and aging, and the discovery of specialized ribosomes that have specific functions that may translate differentially with consequences on normal and pathological processes. Emerging Concepts in Ribosome Structure, Biogenesis, and Function provides fundamental coverage and emerging research on ribosomes, biogenesis, and their structure and function and is a resourceful introduction for new researchers and those engaged in interdisciplinary ribosomal research. Provides an overview of ribosome biogenesis and examines its involvement in cell transformation and cancerous growth Covers disorders related to the ribosome (ribosomopathies) and explains the significance of ribosome dysfunction in human diseases Includes commonly used methods to study ribosomes, such as polysome preparation, RNA profiling and proteomics, CryoEM, and Cell-free assays along with proper illustrations

Regulation of Ribosome Biogenesis and Rna Polymerase I Transcription

Author: Robert Steinbauer

Publisher: Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG

Published: 2011-06

Total Pages: 148

ISBN-13: 9783838126142

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Ribosome synthesis depends on nutrient availability sensed by the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway in eukaryotic cells. TOR inactivation affects ribosome biogenesis at the level of RNA polymerase I (Pol I)-dependent transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, expression of ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) and ribosome biogenesis factors, pre-ribosome processing, and transport. Detailed analysis shows that upon TOR inactivation the levels of newly synthesized ribosomal subunits drop drastically before the integrity of the Pol I apparatus is severely impaired but in good correlation with a sharp decrease in r-protein production. Inhibition of translation by cycloheximide mimics the rRNA maturation defect observed immediately after TOR inactivation. Both cycloheximide addition and the depletion of individual r-proteins also reproduce TOR-dependent nucleolar entrapment of specific ribosomal precursor complexes. The conclusion could be drawn that shortage of newly synthesized r-proteins after short-term TOR inactivation is sufficient to explain most of the observed effects on ribosome production.

Proteins of the Nucleolus

Author: Danton H O'Day

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-02-26

Total Pages: 371

ISBN-13: 9400758189

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This book contains 14 original review chapters each yielding new, exciting and intriguing data about the emerging understanding of nucleolar structure and function in normal, stressed and diseased cells. The goal of this work is to provide special insight into the nucleolus of the past, present and future, as well its regulation, translocation, and biomedical function. A multitude of topics are introduced and discussed in detail, including nucleologenesis, nucleolar architecture, nucleolar targeting, retention, anchoring, translocation, and the relationship between the nucleolus and cancer. This book also brings together work from several different species, from human to Drosophila to Dictyostelium and other eukaryotic microbes. The final chapter summarizes some of the issues brought up in the various chapters with a view to future research. This book supports the continued emergence of the nucleolus as a dynamic intranuclear region that oversees a vast diversity of events.