The Long Chain

The Long Chain PDF

Author: Dan Willis

Publisher: Independently Published

Published: 2019-09-15

Total Pages: 316

ISBN-13: 9781688098725

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When New York is blanketed in an unnatural fog, Private Detective Alex Lockerby finds himself on the trail of a missing scientist, a stolen military secret, and a merciless killer leaving a trail of bodies in their wake. In a city the size of New York, things go missing all the time. When a Nobel-Prize winning Chemist vanishes without a trace, his granddaughter taps Alex to find him. Locating people is easy for someone with the best finding rune in the city, but when Alex tracks down the missing man, he has no memory of who he is or what happened to him, and his research is missing. Convinced that something larger is going on, Alex sets out to uncover the truth. Before he can learn anything concrete, however, the city is shrouded in a dense fog and that brings New York's resident sorceress, Sorsha Kincaid, to his door. She needs Alex's finding rune in order to trace the source of the unnatural fog, and she has no patience for his other cases. Now Alex must keep the volatile and powerful sorceress happy as he tries to unravel a tangled web of science, murder, and missing memories before the clues vanish into the ever-present fog.

Fast Facts: Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders for Patients

Fast Facts: Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders for Patients PDF

Author: B.K. Burton

Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers

Published: 2021-05-21

Total Pages: 26

ISBN-13: 3318069574

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Long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC-FAODs) are rare, inherited conditions. With an LC-FAOD, the body has trouble breaking down fat for energy, which can lead to symptoms such as low blood sugars, muscle pain/weakness, and heart problems. LC-FAODs are diagnosed by newborn screening or symptoms later in life. Management includes a specialized nutrition plan, and prevention of fasting, especially during illness. A person with an LC-FAOD can live a full, active and healthy life with lifestyle changes and close coordination with, and support from, an expert healthcare team. Table of Contents: • Fats and fatty acids • Fatty acids for energy • Long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders • Diagnosis • Genetic testing • Living with an LC-FAOD • Monitoring • What can I do to help my child? • Genetic counseling • How many people are affected? • Who’s who?

The Anchor's Long Chain

The Anchor's Long Chain PDF

Author: Yves Bonnefoy

Publisher: Seagull Library of French

Published: 2023-07-06

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781803092935

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An experiment with the sonnet form by one of the foremost French poets of his generation. Yves Bonnefoy has wowed the literary world for decades with his diffuse volumes. First published in France in 2008, The Anchor's Long Chain is an indispensable addition to his oeuvre. Enriching Bonnefoy's earlier work, the volume, translated by Beverley Bie Brahic, also innovates, including an unprecedented sequence of nineteen sonnets. These sonnets combine the strictness of the form with the freedom to vary line length and create evocative fragments. Compressed, emotionally powerful, and allusive, the poems are also autobiographical--but only in glimpses. Throughout, Bonnefoy conjures up life's eternal questions with each new poem. Longer, discursive pieces, including the title poem's meditation on a prehistoric stone circle and a legend about a ship, are also part of this volume, as are a number of poetic prose pieces in which Bonnefoy, like several of his great French predecessors, excels. Long-time fans will find much to praise here, while newer readers will quickly find themselves under the spell of Bonnefoy's powerful, discursive poetry.

A Perinatal Strategy For Preventing Adult Disease: The Role Of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

A Perinatal Strategy For Preventing Adult Disease: The Role Of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids PDF

Author: Undurti N. Das

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-06-27

Total Pages: 218

ISBN-13: 1441985646

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This book proposes that fetal growth retardation and low-grade systemic inflammation can be prevented by perinatal supplementation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). Evidence for this hypothesis is presented and discussed in detail, along with possible mechanisms by which these substances produce beneficial actions. Finally, it is suggested that provision of adequate amounts of LCPUFAs during the perinatal period prevents insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, CHD, and Alzheimer's disease in the adult. Means of testing the hypothesis are also presented. Thus, the book suggests a simple and novel method of preventing diseases that are increasing in incidence in both the developed and developing worlds.

Rue Traversière

Rue Traversière PDF

Author: Yves Bonnefoy

Publisher: Seagull Library of French

Published: 2023-07-06

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781803092713

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A beautiful collection of poems from various styles and genres by France's foremost poet, Yves Bonnefoy. Praised by Paul Auster as "one of the rare poets in the history of literature to have sustained the highest level of artistic excellence throughout an entire lifetime," Yves Bonnefoy is widely considered the foremost French poet of his generation. Proving that his prose is just as lyrical, Rue Traversière, written in 1977, is one of his most harmonious works. Each of the fifteen discrete or linked texts, whose lengths range from brief notations to long, intense, self-questioning pages, is a work of art in its own right: brief and richly suggestive as haiku, or long and intricately wrought in syntax and thought; and all are as rewarding in their sounds and rhythms, and their lightning flashes of insight, as any sonnet. "I can write all I like; I am also the person who looks at the map of the city of his childhood and doesn't understand," says the section that gives the book its title, as he revisits childhood cityscapes and explores the tricks memory plays on us. A mixture of genres--the prose poem, the personal essay, quasi-philosophical reflections on time, memory, and art--this is a book of both epigrammatic concision and dreamlike narratives that meander with the poet's thought as he struggles to understand and express some of the undercurrents of human life. The book's layered texts echo and elaborate on one another, as well as on aspects of Bonnefoy's own poetics and thought.

From linear to long-chain branched poly(ethylene terephthalate) – reactive extrusion, rheology and molecular characterization

From linear to long-chain branched poly(ethylene terephthalate) – reactive extrusion, rheology and molecular characterization PDF

Author: Kruse, Matthias

Publisher: Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin

Published: 2017-07-11

Total Pages: 193

ISBN-13: 3798328919

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Poly(ethylene terephthalate) is one of the most widely used polymers in packaging industry, due to its high mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and barrier functions. However, its processing is determined by degradation and low viscosity. In particular, foaming and film blowing is restricted by the linear structure of the molecule and low melt strength. The stability of three linear commercial PET grades produced by different synthesis routes with different molar masses is analyzed in regards of processing at industrial scale. Subsequently, reactive processing with three multi-functional chain extenders (pyromellitic dianhydride, PMDA, tetraglycidyl diamino diphenyl methane, TGDDM, and triphenyl phosphite, TPP) is conducted to create large and long-chain branched (LCB) molecules. The mechanical and molecular properties in melt state are analyzed by linear and non-linear viscoelastic rheology, modeling by the molecular stress function (MSF) theory and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with light scattering measurements. Thermal stability measurements in the linear viscoelastic regime revealed degradation and a reduction of the storage modulus in air atmosphere, and, besides thermal degradation, an enhancement of the modulus in nitrogen atmosphere, due to polycondensation [Kruse et al., 2013]. Fitting by an exponential function leads to the reconstruction of the initial state of the sample at zero-loading time and to a time constant, which reveals clear relations between stability and molar mass for all three PET grades in both atmospheres. High molar mass PET is more stable in nitrogen and less stable in air environment, and vice versa, depending on OH end group concentration and synthesis route. The analysis by means of time-resolved mechanical spectroscopy allows the observations of moduli and complex viscosity at a fixed time, a wide range of angular frequencies, and at different atmospheres, and revealed: (i) a plasticizer effect induced by small molecules from thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation, (ii) cross-linking leading to yield stress, (iii) diffusion influencing polycondensation reaction, (iv) slipping due to deposition of side products, and (v) an enhanced shear thinning regime [Kruse and Wagner, 2016]. The extrusion of neat PET with a twin-screw extruder at industrial scale leads to strong reduction of viscosity mainly due to shearing. The impact of thermo-oxidative degradation is comparably small. The reactive processing of the three PET grades with the three chain extenders leads to the conclusion that the tri-functional TPP is not a useful chain extender due to rapid degradation and toxicity. The two tetra-functional chain extenders, PMDA and the epoxy-based TGDDM, lead to strong viscosity increase, increasing strain hardening effect, and increasing thermal stability with increasing chain extender concentration as confirmed by loss- and storage modulus, phase angle, activation energy of flow, and elongational viscosity. The MSF model predictions show good agreement with data measured, and allowed a quantitative analysis of the branching structure and of the stretch of the molecules by both non-linear MSF parameters. In comparison to the high molar mass PET with an apparent comb-like structure at high PMDA concentrations, the two initially low molar mass grades show a higher molar mass after processing with PMDA and seem to have a tree-like structure, which can be explained by the hydroxyl end group concentration of these two PET grades. The extensive use of TGDDM leads to a hyperbranched and gel-like structure. The fracture analysis from uniaxial elongation experiments reveals a limiting stress value for high PMDA concentrations and a limiting strain value for high TGDDM concentrations due to formation of a covalent network. The molecular analysis by SEC with triple detection of the high molar mass PET, which was reacted with PMDA and TGDDM, shows a strong increase of the average molar masses, polydispersity, radius of gyration, and hydrodynamic radius and confirms the molar mass increase observed by the rheological measurements. The branching was confirmed by a decreasing Mark-Houwink exponent with increasing chain extender concentration. Further, the analysis of the contraction of the molecule revealed a more star-like structure at low concentrations for both chain extenders. With increasing concentration, the structure changed to more comb-like for PMDA and random tree-like or hyperbranched for TGDDM as was also observed by non-linear viscoelastic measurements. PMDA revealed to be an excellent coupling agent which induces reproducibly either a star-like, comb-like, or tree-like structures depending on the concentration of coupling agent added and the hydroxyl concentration of the PET employed. Polyethylenterephthalat (PET) zeichnet sich durch hervorragende mechanische Eigenschaften, sowie chemische Beständigkeit und Barriereeigenschaften aus und findet insbesondere in der Verpackungsindustrie Verwendung. Die Neigung zur Degradation und die wegen der linearen Kettenmoleküle geringe Viskosität schränken jedoch die Verarbeitbarkeit von PET wie beispielsweise das Schäumen und Folienblasen erheblich ein. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Einfluss der thermischen Stabilität während der Verarbeitung von drei linearen industriellen PET-Typen untersucht, die sich durch Molmasse und Herstellungsverfahren unterscheiden. Des Weiteren wird langkettenverzweigtes PET (LCBPET) durch reaktive Verarbeitung mit drei verschiedenen multifunktionalen Kettenverlängerern, Pyromellitsäuredianhydrid (PMDA), Tetra- glycidyl-Diamino-Diphenyl-Methan (TGDDM) und Triphenylphosphit (TPP), hergestellt und charakterisiert. Durch die experimentelle Bestimmung der linearen und nichtlinearen rheologischen Eigenschaften der Schmelze und ihre Beschreibung mit Hilfe des sogenannten "Molecular Stress Function" (MSF) Modells gelingt eine quantitative Analyse des Materialverhaltens. Die molekulare Analyse wird zusätzlich durch die Ergebnisse von Gelpermeationschromatographie (GPC bzw. SEC) in Verbindung mit Lichtstreumessung gestützt. Die Untersuchungen der thermischen Stabilität von linearem PET im linear-viskoelastischen Bereich zeigen einen abnehmenden Speichermodul und somit ein thermo-oxidatives Degradationsverhalten in Luftatmosphäre. In inerter Stickstoffatmosphäre tritt hingegen nur thermische Degradation auf, gleichzeitig führt jedoch eine Polykondensationsreaktion zu einem Anstiegen des Moduls [Kruse et al., 2013]. Mit einem exponentiellen Regressionsansatz kann der anfängliche Zustand des Moduls in beiden Atmosphären zum Zeitpunkt Null, der dem Einbringen der Probe in das Rheometer entspricht, rekonstruiert werden. Die sich aus diesem Ansatz ergebende Zeitkonstante erlaubt es, quantitative Zusammenhänge zwischen der thermischen Stabilität der drei PET-Sorten und deren Molmasse sowie dem Herstellungsverfahren der PET-Typen aufzuzeigen. So weist hochmolekulares PET eine höhere Stabilität in Stickstoff und eine geringere Stabilität in Luft auf und umgekehrt. Hauptursache für dieses Verhalten ist die unterschiedliche Konzentration an Hydroxylendgruppen, die je nach Molmasse und Herstellungsmethode der jeweiligen PET-Typen variiert. Mit Hilfe der "Time-Resolved Mechnical Sprectroscopy" konnte die sich ändernde Viskosität über ein weites Frequenzspektrum und zu einer beliebigen Messzeit in beiden Atmosphären bestimmt werden. Wesentliche Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung sind der Nachweis des Auftretens von (i) einem Weichmachereffekt bedingt durch die thermische und thermo-oxidative Degradation und den daraus resultierenden Oligomeren, (ii) dreidimensionaler Vernetzung mit der Ausbildung einer Fließgrenze, (iii) Diffusionsprozessen, die Einfluss auf die Polykondensationsreaktion haben, (iv) Wandgleiten, bedingt durch die Ablagerung von Nebenprodukten auf den Platten des Rheometers und (v) einem verbreiterten Scherverdünnungbereich [Kruse and Wagner, 2016]. Die Extrusion von linearem PET mit einem Doppelschneckenextruder unter industriellen Bedingungen führt zu einer starken Abnahme der Viskosität, die hauptsächlich durch Scherung und weniger durch thermo-oxidativen Abbau verursacht wird. Bei der reaktiven Verarbeitung der drei PET-Typen mit den drei verschiedenen Kettenverlängerern erwies sich das dreifunktionale TPP auf Grund von Toxizität und Lagerinstabilitäten als unbrauchbar. Die Verarbeitung der beiden vierfunktionalen Kettenverlängerer, PMDA und das epoxidhaltige TGDDM, führt zu erhöhter Viskosität, erhöhter Dehnverfestigung und erhöhter thermischer Stabilität mit zunehmender Konzentration des jeweiligen Kettenverlängerers. Das beschriebene Verhalten zeigt sich sowohl am Speicher- und Verlustmodul und dem daraus abgeleiteten Verlustwinkel, als auch an der Fließaktivierungsenergie und der Dehnviskosität. Dabei lassen sich die gemessenen Dehnviskositäten sehr präzise mit dem MSF-Modell beschreiben und die beiden nichtlinearen Modelparameter, β und f_max^2 ermöglichen eine quantitative Analyse der Verzweigungsstruktur und der Molekülstreckung. So zeigt die Modifiziereng von hohen PMDA-Konzentrationen und dem hochmolekularen PET eine mehr kammartige Struktur im Vergleich zu den beiden niedermolekularen PET-Typen, die eine baumartige Molekülstruktur und eine höhere Molmasse nach der reaktiven Extrusion aufweisen. Beide Effekte können mit der höheren OH-Endgruppenkonzentration der beiden niedermolekularen PET-Typen erklärt werden. Zu hohe Zusätze von TGDDM führen zu einem hochverzweigten und gelartigen Polymer. Das Bruchverhalten bei der uniaxialen Dehnung von mit einem hohen Zusatz von PMDA hergestellten langkettenverzweigten PET wird von einer limitierenden Bruchspannung bestimmt. Demgegenüber bestimmt eine maximale Dehnung das Bruchverhalten des mit einem hohen TGDDM-Zusatz hergestellten LCB-PET, verursacht durch ein kovalent gebundenes Polymernetzwerk. Die GPC Messungen mit drei Detektoren wurden an LCB-PET durchgeführt, das auf Basis der hochmolekularen PET-Type hergestellt wurde. Die molekulare Analyse der mit PMDA und TGDDM modifizierten Proben zeigt eine deutliche Zunahme der mittleren Molmassen, Molmassenverteilungsbreite, des Gyrationsradius und des hydrodynamischen Radius und bestätigt somit die rheologischen Ergebnisse. Das Auftreten von Verzweigungen wird außerdem durch den abnehmenden Mark-Houwink-Exponenten bei zunehmender Additivkonzentration verdeutlicht. Eine genauere Betrachtung weist auf eine sternartige Molekülstruktur bei geringer Zugabe beider Kettenverlängerer hin. Bei erhöhter Zugabe hingegen tritt eine kammartige Struktur bei PMDA und eine baumartige oder hochverzweigte Struktur bei TGDDM auf, wie auch aus den nichtlinearen viskoelastischen Messungen zu schließen ist. Insbesondere PMDA erweist sich als hervorragender Kettenverlängerer, der bei reaktiver Extrusion reproduzierbar eine sternartige, kammartige oder baumartige Molekülstruktur in Abhängigkeit von der verwendeten PET-Type und der PMDA-Konzentration ermöglicht und so das Verarbeitungsspektrum von PET auf neue Anwendungsgebiete erweitert.

Fast Facts: Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders

Fast Facts: Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders PDF

Author: B.K. Burton

Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers

Published: 2021-04-08

Total Pages: 50

ISBN-13: 3318068314

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Disorders affecting the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids are complex, potentially life-threatening, metabolic conditions. A number of genetically distinct conditions exist, depending on the gene and protein affected, but there are some common clinical and biochemical features. Newborn screening, which allows early intervention to prevent long-term morbidity, is not universally available. Even with screening, it is important that health professionals recognize the symptoms that may manifest at different stages of life. This concise guide to these rare conditions will be of value to all health professionals who may encounter or care for an individual with a long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorder. As well as explaining the underlying defects, inheritance and how the conditions manifest, the book describes the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disorders. The final chapter gives some guidance on genetic counseling and supporting patients. Table of Contents: • Fatty acid metabolism • Epidemiology and genetics • Clinical presentation • Diagnosis • Genetic counseling, newborn screening and patient support

Sir Long Chain Charles

Sir Long Chain Charles PDF

Author: Clay Walker

Publisher: Dog Ear Publishing

Published: 2008-06

Total Pages: 254

ISBN-13: 1598586785

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The true no-holds barred story of one man's endurance on a Virginia chain gang and in the Virginia state penitentiary of the 1950's. The story follows the author from the crime of an eighteen year old - taking money that was owed to him - through his incarceration on a chain gang, his escape, return to prison, another chain gang and finally parole. Take a birds-eye view of the harsh realities of a chain gang camp where vicious, ignorant gun-wielding guards held the power of life or death over prisoners; and how the prisoners dealt with life there, sometimes cruelly, permanently disabling themselves by cutting their heel tendons to escape the severe non-stop work, and sometimes humorously. Follow along on a heart pounding escape, and then journey into a maximum-security prison where the rules are entirely different, and life was cheap. See what it took to survive and endure in order to return to the 'free' world. Long Chain Charlie was an integral part of the Virginia Department of Corrections and as such became known as Sir Long Chain Charles by my choosing - something to be respected for it's service. I knew the first time I stepped on board Long Chain that I was being taken to a rolling hell - the guard's terse introduction as he handcuffed me to the seat told me that. "You can try to escape if you want to. If you do try, I'll kill you. It's simple as that." I was an extremely youthful looking eighteen year old who could pass for fourteen, fresh from the mountainous backwoods with a brand-new ten year sentence, but I believed him, and couldn't help but think that this was just the tip of the iceberg, my introduction to the Virginia penal system: a cold, dark gray bus encased in bars and heavy wire mesh, taking me to a cold, dark gray penitentiary. It was going to be a long ten years. The Commonwealth of the state of Virginia was the only penal system to my knowledge that was fully self-sustaining. There were thirty-two chain gang camps, part of them black only, part of them white only, a huge state farm, each county had it's own farm, even most of the chain gang camps had them. The two I was in certainly did. Then there was the block plant, the lime plant, and the nearly twenty-four hundred convicts at 500 Spring Street, the penitentiary, were kept busy in the shops. There was the knitting mill for socks, underwear and t-shirts; the tailor shops for the uniforms and going-out clothes; the furniture shop, the tag shop, the machine shop. All the inmates were fed, clothed and maintained by their own hand. This same system would work in every penal institution today, or on the other hand, maybe it wouldn't work because today the jail birds would start screaming "We got rights ' and some facet of society would come along and say "Their rights were violated. Release them " thus releasing and creating more two-legged slugs onto the streets that society has to condone. I am proud to say that after everything I have endured in the Commonwealth of Virginia's penal system, I still emerged human.

Latest Findings Of Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: From Molecular Mechanisms To New Applications In Health And Diseases

Latest Findings Of Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: From Molecular Mechanisms To New Applications In Health And Diseases PDF

Author: Maricela Rodriguez Cruz

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 103

ISBN-13: 1608051773

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This E-book covers the main aspects about the benefits of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) to human health. The knowledge of physiological effects of LC-PUFAs at different levels is constantly expanding. Topics covered over 10 chapters thoroughly detail the role of omega-3 LCPUFAs in nutrition (gene regulation) and disease (clinical applications); information about food sources and recent intake recommendations is also explained. This book also discusses current data concerning the role of LC-PUFAs during pregnancy and lactation, in cognitive function, immune response.

Omega Fatty Acids in Brain and Neurological Health

Omega Fatty Acids in Brain and Neurological Health PDF

Author: Ronald Ross Watson

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2019-06-12

Total Pages: 518

ISBN-13: 0128152397

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Research has clearly established a link between omega fatty acids and general health, particularly cardiovascular health. Omega Fatty Acids in Brain and Neurological Health, Second Edition, illustrates the importance of omega-3 fatty acids in longevity, cognitive impairment and structure and function of the brain's neurons and also the adverse effects of omega-6 fatty acids on neurological function. This book encompasses some of the most recent research on the links between omega fatty acids and the developing brain, aging, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, including the role of omega-3 fatty acid supplements on hippocampal neurogenesis, substantia nigra modulation, migraine headaches, the developing brain in animals, sleep and neurodegenerative diseases. This completely updated second edition focuses on the counterbalancing dietary and tissue omega-6 fatty acids as well as it studies the effects in pregnancy and early infancy, animal model studies and autoimmune neurological diseases. Provides a comprehensive introduction to omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in neurological health and directions for future research Features novel focus on the adverse effects of omega-6 fatty acids on neurological function and the counterbalancing of dietary and tissue omega-6 Illustrates the importance of omega-3 fatty acids in longevity and cognitive impairment Features new chapters on early effects in pregnancy and early infancy, animal model studies and autoimmune neurological diseases Discusses links between omega fatty acids and the developing brain, aging, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, including the role of omega-3 fatty acid supplements