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The Other War of 1812

Author: James G. Cusick

Publisher: University of Georgia Press

Published: 2007-04-01

Total Pages: 397

ISBN-13: 0820329215

Resurrecting a forgotten chapter in transatlantic history, James G. Cusick tells how, just before the United States went to war against Great Britain in 1812, an ill-advised invasion of a Spanish colony became a stage on which the young republic clumsily acted out its imperial ambitions and racial fears. With the halfhearted backing of President James Madison and Secretary of State James Monroe, a party of Georgians invaded East Florida, confident that partisans there would help them swiftly wrest the colony away from Spain. The raid was a strategic and political disaster. Few sympathizers materialized, official U.S. support dissolved, and an extended guerrilla war ensued. This was the "other war of 1812," or the Patriot War. Cusick, a lively storyteller as well as a meticulous scholar, conveys the savagery of the borderlands conflict that pitted American adventurers and anti-Spanish partisans against Spanish loyalists and their allies, who included Seminole Indians and escaped slaves. At the same time, Cusick looks at the American motivations behind the invasion, including apprehensions about Florida's growing population of unregulated blacks and geopolitical intrigues involving Spain, Britain, and France.

Florida Indians and the Invasion from Europe

Author: Jerald T. Milanich

Publisher: University Press of Florida

Published: 2018-02-26

Total Pages: 384

ISBN-13: 1947372459

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The books in the Florida and the Caribbean Open Books Series demonstrate the University Press of Florida’s long history of publishing Latin American and Caribbean studies titles that connect in and through Florida, highlighting the connections between the Sunshine State and its neighboring islands. Books in this series show how early explorers found and settled Florida and the Caribbean. They tell the tales of early pioneers, both foreign and domestic. They examine topics critical to the area such as travel, migration, economic opportunity, and tourism. They look at the growth of Florida and the Caribbean and the attendant pressures on the environment, culture, urban development, and the movement of peoples, both forced and voluntary. The Florida and the Caribbean Open Books Series gathers the rich data available in these architectural, archaeological, cultural, and historical works, as well as the travelogues and naturalists’ sketches of the area in prior to the twentieth century, making it accessible for scholars and the general public alike. The Florida and the Caribbean Open Books Series is made possible through a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, under the Humanities Open Books program.

Florida in the Spanish-American War

Author: Joe Knetsch

Publisher: Arcadia Publishing

Published: 2011-02-11

Total Pages: 216

ISBN-13: 1625842112

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Florida began as a Spanish colony, with governing headquarters in Havana, Cuba. It is fitting, then, that the state played such a large role in the Spanish-American War. As a base of training and combat operations, Floridas involvement was crucial to the war effort. Join trusted historians Joe Knetsch and Nick Wynne as they log a fascinating chapter in Floridas historya time when Roosevelts Rough Riders prepared for battle at Tampa bases, when battleships departed from south Florida ports to avenge the sunken USS Maine and when a nation looked to the Sunshine State to help unite America around a common cause, even as the nation still struggled to come to terms with the Civil War and Reconstruction

War on the Gulf Coast

Author: Gilbert C. Din

Publisher:

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780813037523

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"Using a plethora of previously unexamined documents from a number of archives, this work provides the first clear understanding of William Augustus Bowles and his exploits along the Spanish Gulf Coast and among the Creek Indians, demonstrating unequivocally that the glory-seeking adventurer was not the tragic heroic figure that he and previous historians have claimed."--F. Todd Smith, University of North Texas War on the Gulf Coast is one of the first books about the Spanish period in West Florida (1797-1805) written from the Spanish point of view. Using Spanish archival sources, Gilbert Din is able to shed new light on the machinations of William Augustus Bowles, an adventurer who sought to introduce goods, subvert the Creek Indians, and deprive the Spaniards of territory. By revealing the inner workings of the Spanish military establishment, Din makes a convincing case that West Florida--which then stretched all the way to the Mississippi River--was a vital zone of international intrigue, not an unimportant backwater. He also offers a much-needed corrective to previous depictions of Bowles, questioning his actual influence among the Creek Nation. Din highlights the naval efforts to curtail smuggling and capture Bowles and counters prevailing wisdom about why the Spanish were forced to surrender at Fort San Marcos. Gilbert C. Din is professor emeritus of history at Fort Lewis College (Colorado). He is the author of Spaniards, Planters, and Slaves: The Spanish Regulation of Slavery in Louisiana, 1763-1803, which won the General L. Kemper and Leila Williams Award for the best book on Louisiana history.

The Battle of Negro Fort

Author: Matthew J. Clavin

Publisher: NYU Press

Published: 2019-09-10

Total Pages: 263

ISBN-13: 1479837334

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The dramatic story of the United States’ destruction of a free and independent community of fugitive slaves in Spanish Florida In the aftermath of the War of 1812, Major General Andrew Jackson ordered a joint United States army-navy expedition into Spanish Florida to destroy a free and independent community of fugitive slaves. The result was the Battle of Negro Fort, a brutal conflict among hundreds of American troops, Indian warriors, and black rebels that culminated in the death or re-enslavement of nearly all of the fort’s inhabitants. By eliminating this refuge for fugitive slaves, the United States government closed an escape valve that African Americans had utilized for generations. At the same time, it intensified the subjugation of southern Native Americans, including the Creeks, Choctaws, and Seminoles. Still, the battle was significant for another reason as well. During its existence, Negro Fort was a powerful symbol of black freedom that subverted the racist foundations of an expanding American slave society. Its destruction reinforced the nation’s growing commitment to slavery, while illuminating the extent to which ambivalence over the institution had disappeared since the nation’s founding. Indeed, four decades after declaring that all men were created equal, the United States destroyed a fugitive slave community in a foreign territory for the first and only time in its history, which accelerated America’s transformation into a white republic. The Battle of Negro Fort places the violent expansion of slavery where it belongs, at the center of the history of the early American republic.

Border Law

Author: Deborah A. Rosen

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2015-04-06

Total Pages: 329

ISBN-13: 0674425715

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The First Seminole War of 1816–1818 played a critical role in shaping how the United States demarcated its spatial and legal boundaries during the early years of the republic. Rooted in notions of American exceptionalism, manifest destiny, and racism, the legal framework that emerged from the war laid the groundwork for the Monroe Doctrine, the Dred Scott decision, and U.S. westward expansion over the course of the nineteenth century, as Deborah Rosen explains in Border Law. When General Andrew Jackson’s troops invaded Spanish-ruled Florida in the late 1810s, they seized forts, destroyed towns, and captured or killed Spaniards, Britons, Creeks, Seminoles, and African-descended people. As Rosen shows, Americans vigorously debated these aggressive actions and raised pressing questions about the rights of wartime prisoners, the use of military tribunals, the nature of sovereignty, the rules for operating across territorial borders, the validity of preemptive strikes, and the role of race in determining legal rights. Proponents of Jackson’s Florida campaigns claimed a place for the United States as a member of the European diplomatic community while at the same time asserting a regional sphere of influence and new rules regarding the application of international law. American justifications for the incursions, which allocated rights along racial lines and allowed broad leeway for extraterritorial action, forged a more unified national identity and set a precedent for an assertive foreign policy.

Last Betrayal on the Wakulla: Florida's Forgotten Spanish Period

Author: Madeleine Hirsiger Carr

Publisher: Lulu.com

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 116

ISBN-13: 168470555X

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The British left, and Spain returned to Florida, after the American Revolution. A short river called Wakulla offered direct trading routes to the North American interior and the Caribbean. The fertile Muskogean lands west of the United States boundary in what were known as the Spanish borderlands lured white squatters and British and American traders. Their interactions with the Creek Indians and the role of two Creek intermediaries called William and John Kennard with a trading outpost on the Wakulla River fed a rivalry that split the Creeks into two. Who would survive?

The Seminoles of Florida

Author: James W. Covington

Publisher: University Press of Florida

Published: 2017-11-29

Total Pages: 326

ISBN-13: 1947372378

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The books in the Florida and the Caribbean Open Books Series demonstrate the University Press of Florida’s long history of publishing Latin American and Caribbean studies titles that connect in and through Florida, highlighting the connections between the Sunshine State and its neighboring islands. Books in this series show how early explorers found and settled Florida and the Caribbean. They tell the tales of early pioneers, both foreign and domestic. They examine topics critical to the area such as travel, migration, economic opportunity, and tourism. They look at the growth of Florida and the Caribbean and the attendant pressures on the environment, culture, urban development, and the movement of peoples, both forced and voluntary. The Florida and the Caribbean Open Books Series gathers the rich data available in these architectural, archaeological, cultural, and historical works, as well as the travelogues and naturalists’ sketches of the area prior to the twentieth century, making it accessible for scholars and the general public alike. The Florida and the Caribbean Open Books Series is made possible through a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, under the Humanities Open Books program.

Niles' Florida

Author: David Fowler

Publisher:

Published: 2015-02-25

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 9780988923133

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"Niles' Florida: The First War" (Volume 1) provides comprehensive, first-hand, coverage of the first Seminole War. Based largely on news articles and letters from individuals, who were on the ground in Spanish Florida, the chronology of the events takes on an air of intrigue. Preparatory to the eventual invasion at New Orleans, British naval and marine forces infiltrate Spanish Florida, recruiting Indians and Africans. The Indian massacre of men, women, and children at Fort Mims brings the wrath of American military forces, eventually ending at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. The Indians, who escape, make their way across the frontier into Spanish Florida. Peace never prevails as Indian and African hostilities continue to occur, particularly along the rivers that flow from the American territories to the Gulf of Mexico. The combined forces of renegade Creek Indians, Seminole Indians, and Africans, all living in Spanish Florida, continue to pose a threat to the Americans. Andrew Jackson is eventually called back into the action to quell the disturbances in Spanish Florida. At the close of military action, the United States military forces have destroyed the Indian villages across the panhandle of Spanish Florida and chased the Indians and their allies across the Suwanee River before calling an end to the action. Jackson, then, moves on Pensacola, and literally removes the Spanish authorities to Cuba.