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Author: Marta Catalfamo
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2021-08-25
Total Pages: 167
ISBN-13: 288971232X
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: M Feldmann
Publisher: Academic Press
Published: 2017-05-04
Total Pages: 271
ISBN-13: 1483275582
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →T-cell Activation in Health and Disease is a collection of papers presented at the "T-cell Activation in Health and Disease—Disorders of Immune Regulation—Infection and Autoimmunity" workshop held in Oxford on September 25-29, 1988. This book discusses the progress occurring in T-cell immunity research. One paper discusses the effects of two interaction clones of T-cells that can define the T-cell immunoregulatory network. Another paper discusses the relationship between connectivity and tolerance of the immune network. This paper then suggests the possibility that autoimmunity arises because self-reactive clones are inadequately connected to the network. Another paper reviews the cell-mediated responses in the synovial fluids, as well as the interaction of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid dendritic cells and T lymphocytes. The book also examines why attempts for protective immunity to the HIV virus have not been successful. One article then discusses the goals of immunologic intervention in autoimmune disease by using an approach involving the cellular and cytokine targets and their deployment. This text can prove significant for scientists in the field of pharmacology, cellular biology, and researchers in the field of immunology and infectious diseases.
Author: Dietmar Herndler-Brandstetter
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2015-05-07
Total Pages: 78
ISBN-13: 2889194183
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Nothing provided
Author: Kenneth F. May
Publisher:
Published: 2004
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Abstract: Costimulatory molecules, including 4-1BB, CTLA-4, and B7, play a critical role in the activation, sustenance, and regulation of T cell immune responses. Manipulation of these pathways holds promise for the development of therapies for cancer and autoimmunity. Anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been demonstrated to boost anti-tumor immunity in animal models. Using a model of tumor-specific CD8 T cell adoptive immunotherapy, we demonstrate that anti-4-1BB mAb can mediate the rejection of large established tumors in the absence of CD4 T cell help. Anti-4-1BB mAb increases populations of tumor-specific CD8 T cells in peripheral blood by reduction of activation-induced cell death, but not increased T cell proliferation. The use of anti-CTLA-4 mAb has also been shown to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Here we employ two novel "humanized" mouse models to screen anti-human CTLA-4 mAb for translation to human cancer therapy. Using the hu-PBL-SCID model of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative disease, we show that anti-human CTLA-4 mAb promotes the in vivo expansion of human CD8 and CD4 T cells, and the generation of antigen specific CD8 T cell responses to EBV lymphoma. This correlates with reduced levels of the oncogenic EBV protein LMP-1, and increased survival in these mice. We also characterize the creation of a knock-in mouse model in which mouse T cells express the human CTLA-4 molecule. Preliminary testing in this mouse model supports the use of this model to screen anti-human CTLA-4 mAb for clinical use. Understanding the role of B7/CD28/CTLA-4 interaction in immune activation and tolerance in autoimmune disease is fundamental to successful intervention targeted at costimulatory molecules. We describe the spontaneous development of whole-body alopecia, lymphadenopathy, and skin disease in mice lacking B7 molecules. This disease is mediated by autoimmune CD4 T cells, which induce multi-organ inflammation when transferred to mice expressing B7 molecules. This disease may result from impaired development of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in B7-deficient mice. Since provision of Treg can abrogate the multi-organ inflammation despite lack of B7 molecules on the auto-pathogenic T cells, interaction between CTLA-4 on Treg and B7-1/2 on effector T cells is not essential for Treg function.
Author: Kenneth Murphy
Publisher: Garland Science
Published: 2010-06-22
Total Pages:
ISBN-13: 9780815344575
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
Author: Alexander Choukèr
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published: 2019-11-27
Total Pages: 756
ISBN-13: 3030169960
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This book explains how stress – either psychological or physical – can activate and/or paralyse human innate or adaptive immunity. Adequate immunity is crucial for maintaining health, both on Earth and in space. During space flight, human physiology is specifically challenged by complex environmental stressors, which are most pronounced during lunar or interplanetary missions. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the book identifies the impact of these stressors – the space exposome – on immunity as a result of (dys-)functions of specific cells, organs and organ networks. These conditions (e.g. gravitation changes, radiation, isolation/confinement) affect immunity, but at the same time provide insights that may help to prevent, diagnose and address immune-related health alterations. Written by experts from academia, space agencies and industry, the book is a valuable resource for professionals, researchers and students in the field of medicine, biology and technology. The chapters “The Impact of Everyday Stressors on the Immune System and Health”, “Stress and Radiation Responsiveness” and “Assessment of Radiosensitivity and Biomonitoring of Exposure to Space adiation” are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Author: Lauren M. Sompayrac
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2015-10-26
Total Pages: 160
ISBN-13: 1118997778
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →How the Immune System Works has helped thousands of students understand what’s in their big, thick, immunology textbooks. In his book, Dr. Sompayrac cuts through the jargon and details to reveal, in simple language, the essence of this complex subject. In fifteen easy-to-read chapters, featuring the humorous style and engaging analogies developed by Dr. Sompayrac, How the Immune System Works explains how the immune system players work together to protect us from disease – and, most importantly, why they do it this way. Rigorously updated for this fifth edition, How the Immune System Works includes the latest information on subjects such as vaccines, the immunology of AIDS, and cancer. A highlight of this edition is a new chapter on the intestinal immune system – currently one of the hottest topics in immunology. Whether you are completely new to immunology, or require a refresher, How the Immune System Works will provide you with a clear and engaging overview of this fascinating subject. But don’t take our word for it! Read what students have been saying about this classic book: "What an exceptional book! It's clear you are in the hands of an expert." "Possibly the Best Small Text of All Time!" "This is a FUN book, and Lauren Sompayrac does a fantastic job of explaining the immune system using words that normal people can understand." "Hands down the best immunology book I have read... a very enjoyable read." "This is simply one of the best medical textbooks that I have ever read. Clear diagrams coupled with highly readable text make this whole subject easily understandable and engaging." Now with a brand new website at www.wiley.com/go/sompayrac featuring Powerpoint files of the images from the book
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 2019-01-20
Total Pages: 739
ISBN-13: 0309477166
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →From 1962 to 1971, the U.S. military sprayed herbicides over Vietnam to strip the thick jungle canopy that could conceal opposition forces, to destroy crops that those forces might depend on, and to clear tall grasses and bushes from the perimeters of US base camps and outlying fire-support bases. Mixtures of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), picloram, and cacodylic acid made up the bulk of the herbicides sprayed. The main chemical mixture sprayed was Agent Orange, a 50:50 mixture of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. At the time of the spraying, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic form of dioxin, was an unintended contaminant generated during the production of 2,4,5-T and so was present in Agent Orange and some other formulations sprayed in Vietnam. Because of complaints from returning Vietnam veterans about their own health and that of their children combined with emerging toxicologic evidence of adverse effects of phenoxy herbicides and TCDD, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was asked to perform a comprehensive evaluation of scientific and medical information regarding the health effects of exposure to Agent Orange, other herbicides used in Vietnam, and the various components of those herbicides, including TCDD. Updated evaluations were conducted every two years to review newly available literature and draw conclusions from the overall evidence. Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 11 (2018) examines peer-reviewed scientific reports concerning associations between various health outcomes and exposure to TCDD and other chemicals in the herbicides used in Vietnam that were published between September 30, 2014, and December 31, 2017, and integrates this information with the previously established evidence database.
Author: Georg Wick
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2011-12-03
Total Pages: 628
ISBN-13: 370910338X
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →It has been known for over 150 years that hallmarks of inflammation can be observed in the wall of atherosclerotic vessels. It was, however, not clear if this inflammation is the cause or the consequence of atherogenesis. More recently, it has become evident that inflammation mediated both by innate and adaptive immunity is instrumental even in the earliest stages of the development of atherosclerotic lesions, i.e., that it plays an important pathogenetic role. In this volume, international experts in the field discuss the pathogenetic, diagnostic, preventive and possible therapeutic relevance of inflammation in atherogenesis. This book is intended for researchers and physicians in the fields of vascular biology, immunology and atherosclerosis.
Author: Karl Bechter
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2019-08-12
Total Pages: 189
ISBN-13: 2889459500
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Growing evidence derived from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), neuropathological, imaging, genetic, and epidemiological studies link neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation to a subset of individuals with a variety of severe mental disorders (SMDs), including affective and non-affective psychotic disorders. Further, the recent discoveries of neuronal surface antibodies (NSAs) in autoimmune encephalitis (AE) presenting with diverse neuropsychiatric disorders such as psychosis and cognitive decline, among many others, provides further support to the notion that CNS autoimmunity and neuroinflammation can contribute to the neurobiology of psychiatric disturbances. Further, these immune mechanisms may contribute to a subset of patients currently diagnosed as having treatment-resistant SMDs such as schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Additionally, mounting data indicate that various infections can serve as an immunological trigger of aberrant immune responses, presumably by causing release of excess neural antigen, thereby giving rise to NSAs or aberrant immune cellular responses to give rise to primary or secondary psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and those associated with AE, respectively. Collectively, these findings support the “mild encephalitis” hypothesis of SMD. The significant overlap among AE-associated psychosis, systemic autoimmune disorder-associated psychosis, and psychotic disorders associated with pathological processes involving inflammation and immune dysregulation has also prompted some authors to adopt the term “autoimmune psychosis” (AP). This term reflects that this psychosis subtype is mechanistically linked to complex neuroimmune and inflammatory signalling abnormalities that can be responsive to early immunomodulatory treatment. It also suggests that a subset of AP might represent an incomplete or “forme fruste” subtype of AE presenting with dominant or pure psychiatric symptoms mimicking primary psychiatric illnesses. Because data indicate that delayed diagnosis and treatment may lead to permanent sequelae, early recognition of AP utilizing neurodiagnostic workup (e.g., CSF analysis, neuroimaging, and EEG) and its early treatment with appropriate immunotherapy are paramount to a meaningful recovery. This eBook will provide an overview of the current knowledge and research areas from epidemiology, risk factors and diagnosis to the management of these conditions, in this rapidly emerging field, helping to bridge the gaps in knowledge that currently exist in the disciplines of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neuroimmunology.
