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The International Academic Profession

Author: Philip G. Altbach

Publisher: Jossey-Bass

Published: 1996

Total Pages: 792

ISBN-13:

This analysis of the academic profession in 14 nations was based on responses received from an international survey of nearly 20,000 college and university faculty members from Australia, Brazil, Chile, England, West Germany, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, and the United States. Data were analyzed and portraits, including more than 300 tables and charts, were prepared by researchers and scholars in the respective countries. After a foreword by Ernest L. Boyer, chapters include: "The Academic Profession in International Perspective" (Philip G. Altbach and Lionel S. Lewis); "The Australian Academic Profession" (Barry A. Sheehan and Anthony R. Welch); "The Academic Profession in Korea" (Sungho H. Lee); "The Academic Profession in Japan" (Akira Arimoto); "The Future of the Hong Kong Academic Profession" (Gerard A. Postiglione); "The Academic Profession in Brazil" (Simon Schwartzman and Elizabeth Balbachevsky); "The Chilean Academic Profession: Six Policy Issues" (Ernesto Schiefelbein); "The Mexican Academic Profession" (Manuel Gil Anton); "The American Academic Profession" (J. Eugene Haas); "The Academic Profession in England on the Eve of Structural Reform" (Oliver Fulton); "The Academic Profession in Germany (Jurgen Enders and Ulrich Teichler); "The Dutch Professoriate" (Peter A. Geurts and others); "The Academic Profession in Sweden" (Goran Blomqvist, Hans Jalling, and Karsten Lundeqvist); "The Academic Profession in Russia" (Brian L. Levin-Stankevich and Alexander Savelyev); and "The Academic Profession in Israel: Continuity and Transformation" (Michael Chen and others). Appendices include: "The International Survey of the Academic Profession, 1991-1993: Methodological Notes" (Mary Jean Whitelaw); a list of members of the research team; and a copy of the survey instrument. (Contains extensive reference notes.) (CH)

The Academic Profession

Author: Ernest L. Boyer

Publisher: Jossey-Bass

Published: 1994

Total Pages: 136

ISBN-13:

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This report examines the results of an international study of higher education systems, based on surveys of approximately 1,000 faculty in each of the following nations: United States, Germany, the Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Israel, and Australia. Findings are organized around seven major themes: the profile of the professoriate, access to higher education, professional activities, working conditions of faculty, governance in the academy, higher education and society, and the international dimensions of academic life. Results indicated that: (1) the majority of faculty worldwide are male and middle-aged; (2) most faculty believe that higher education should be available to everyone who meets the minimum qualifications, but admission standards should not be lowered to admit disadvantaged students; (3) students currently enrolled are ill-prepared in language and math skills; (4) the majority of professors in several countries reported their interests lie primarily in teaching, while the majority in other countries preferred research; (5) in almost all countries, a strong record of successful research is important for faculty advancement; (6) professors reported a high sense of satisfaction with their intellectual lives, the courses they teach, and their relationships with colleagues, but are concerned about salaries; (7) faculty felt that academic freedom was protected nationally, but sometimes not supported by campus administrators; (8) professors felt an obligation to apply their knowledge to social problems; and (9) connections with scholars in other countries were seen as very important. Seventy figures illustrate survey findings. (JDD)

The Changing Academic Profession

Author: Ulrich Teichler

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-15

Total Pages: 265

ISBN-13: 9400761554

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This book provides an overview on the major findings of a questionnaire survey of academic profession in international perspective. More than 25,000 professors and junior staff at universities and other institutions of higher education at almost 20 countries from all over the world provide information on their working situation, their views and activities. The study “The Changing Academic Profession” is the second major study of its kind, and changes of views and activities are presented through a comparison of the findings with those of the earlier study undertaken in the early 1990s. Major themes are the academics’ perception of their societal and institutional environments, the views on the major tasks of teaching, research and services, their professional preferences and actual activities, their career, their perceived influence and their overall job satisfaction. Emphasis is placed on the influence of recent changes in higher education: the internationalisation and globalisation, the increasing expectation to provide evidence of the relevance of academic work, and finally the growing power of management at higher education institutions. Overall, the academics surveyed show that worldwide discourses and trends in higher education put their mark on the academic profession, but differences by country continue to be noteworthy. Academics consider themselves to be more strongly exposed to mechanism of regulations, incentives and sanctions as well as various assessments than in the past; yet their own freedom, and responsibilities and influence shape their identity more strongly and are reflected in widespread professional satisfaction.

Internationalization and the Academic Profession

Author: Alper Çalıkoğlu

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-04-04

Total Pages: 245

ISBN-13: 3031269950

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This book makes a major contribution to the scholarship on internationalization in higher education by focusing on the perceptions and experiences of the academic profession in a comparative perspective. Drawing from data collected by the Academic Professions in the Knowledge-based Society (APIKS) project, the contributors to this volume are uniquely positioned to explore the impact and implications of internationalization on those who play the central role in the teaching and research functions of higher education: the professoriate. The core chapters address issues such as the roles of gender, discipline, and career stage in the international activities of academics in different countries, national differences in the perceptions and behaviors of university faculty in the internationalization of teaching, and of research within higher education systems on the perceptions and behaviors of academics. Each of these chapters draw on the existing research literature in these thematic areas as a foundation for the systematic analysis of the international APIKS dataset to illuminate and discuss key findings. This book offers a highly original and unique contribution to the study of internationalization in higher education because its editors and contributors, as participants in the APIKS project, have been able to raise and address key research questions using comparative international empirical data on the academic profession that has never before been available. Given the tremendous importance of internationalization and the global dimension of higher education, this volume offers unique, distinctive insights on the implications of internationalization for the academic profession and the very different ways in which these transformations are understood by academics both within and between systems.

The Work Situation of the Academic Profession in Europe: Findings of a Survey in Twelve Countries

Author: Ulrich Teichler

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-22

Total Pages: 301

ISBN-13: 9400759770

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This book presents the analysis of the representative survey about the academic profession in twelve European countries. Higher education in Europe has experienced a substantial change in recent years: Expansion progresses further, the expectation to deliver useful contributions of knowledge to the “knowledge society” is on the rise, and efforts to steer academic work through external forces and strong international management are more widespread than ever. Representative surveys of the academic profession in twelve European countries show how professors and junior staff at universities and other institutions of higher education view the role of higher education in society and their professional situation and how they actually shape their professional tasks. Academics differ across Europe substantially in their employment and working conditions, their views and their activities. Most of them favour the preservation of a close link between teaching and research and feel responsible for both theory and practice. Most consider efforts to enhance academic quality and social relevance as compatible. The overall satisfaction with their professional situation is rather high.

The Academic Profession in Europe: New Tasks and New Challenges

Author: Barbara M. Kehm

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-08-21

Total Pages: 214

ISBN-13: 9400746148

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This book is the first of several with the results of a collaborative European project supported by the European Science Foundation on changes in the academic profession in Europe (EUROAC). It provides a short description of the ESF EUROHESC programme and the particular forms of international collaborative research projects which are funded under the umbrella of this programme. It then outlines the EUROAC project. This project has chosen three foci (governance, professionalisation, academic careers) to analyse changes in the work of the academic profession. The first results in the form of in-depth literature reviews constitute the content of the book. These eight literature reviews about the state of the art of existing research feature the various dimensions of the overall theme. A particular emphasis is put on factors leading to changes in the work tasks of the academic profession in Europe and how the academic profession is coping with these new challenges. Thus, the book provides a state of the art account of existing research about the following themes: main results of previous studies on the academic profession; the academic profession and their interaction with new higher education professionals; professional identities in higher education; extending work tasks: civic mission and sustainable development; academic careers in academic markets; the changing role of academics in the face of rising managerialism; the influence of quality assurance, governance, and relevance on the satisfaction of the academic profession.

Forming, Recruiting and Managing the Academic Profession

Author: Ulrich Teichler

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-06-05

Total Pages: 332

ISBN-13: 331916080X

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This book focuses on the changes in academic careers and their implications for job attachment and the management of academic work. Against the background of an ageing profession, with different demands on academic staff, increasing insecurity, accountability and internationalisation, it discusses important, common themes in detail. This book examines such aspects as the nature of academic careers and recent changes in careers, changing biographies, rewards of academic work such as income and job satisfaction, internationalisation of the academy, and the organisation and management of academic work sites. This book is the second of two books highlighting findings from research on the academic profession, notably, the Changing Academic Profession Study and the European project supported by the European Science Foundation on changes in the academic profession in Europe (EUROAC). An adapted version of the CAP questionnaire has been used to carry out the survey in those countries that had not been involved before in the CAP survey. Altogether 19 countries are covered by the CAP project and an additional seven European countries are covered by EUROAC.

Professorial Pathways

Author: Martin J. Finkelstein

Publisher: JHU Press

Published: 2019-05-21

Total Pages: 313

ISBN-13: 1421428741

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What makes a professor? The answer depends on where in the world you are. Winner of the CIHE Award for Significant Research on International Higher Education by the Association for the Study of Higher Education In the twenty-first century, universities worldwide have found themselves thrust into a great "brain race" as nations, both developed and developing, seek to enhance their place in the global knowledge economy. As the concept of the de-localized university—one that has radically expanded, perhaps even beyond national borders—grows, competing nations have begun reshaping aspects of their national systems to accommodate global standards and metrics. In Professorial Pathways, Martin J. Finkelstein and Glen A. Jones consider how academic careers vary in countries that are fundamentally different in their organization and dynamics. Building on 25 years of scholarship, the book confronts major questions: What can we learn from the experience of other nations as they seek to balance the seemingly contradictory imperatives of expanding access and ensuring global competitiveness? What are the implications of this rapidly changing policy environment for the health of the academic professions on which university teaching and scholarship depends? And how can we advance the comparative study of higher education and, in particular, of the academic profession? The volume brings together detailed case studies of the latest—and ever-changing—educational developments in ten countries across Europe (France, Germany, United Kingdom, Russia), Asia (China, India, Japan), North America (United States, Canada), and South America (Brazil). Essays written by respected scholars in the field identify the major structural features of national higher education systems and academic markets that directly shape academic work and careers. Professorial Pathways will be of interest to anyone who toils in the vineyards of comparative and international higher education. Contributors: Elizabeth Balbachevsky, Martin J. Finkelstein, N. Jayaram, Glen A. Jones, Barbara M. Kehm, Dan Mao, Christine Musselin, Peter Scott, Fengqiao Yan, Akiyoshi Yonezawa, Maria Yudkevich

International Faculty in Asia

Author: Futao Huang

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-03-29

Total Pages: 236

ISBN-13: 9813349808

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This book explores key aspects of the personal, educational and professional characteristics of international faculty members, their work roles and challenges they face in Asia and the Pacific, compared to those from Europe and the United States. It focuses on globalization of the academic profession and provides a more comprehensive analysis of an overall portrait of international faulty members at work in various higher education systems.

Challenges and Options: The Academic Profession in Europe

Author: Maria de Lourdes Machado-Taylor

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-02-21

Total Pages: 267

ISBN-13: 3319458442

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This volume explores the various issues that have an impact on the academic career of professionals in European higher education. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are currently subject to profound uncertainties and are more challenged than ever on quality issues, both with regard to their conceptual nature and in the extension and amendment of their mission. Divided into three parts, the first part of the book deals with the challenges and issues in higher education academic careers. It addresses such topics as the influence of European policies and changes, the cultural differences in the preferences of academics for teaching or research, the increasing inequality in working conditions for academics, and the changing nature of academic strategy in the transformational world of higher education with its implications for academic structures, work and careers. The second part of the book analyses the findings of a national study on satisfaction of academics in Portuguese higher education, carried out at the Centre for Research on Higher Education Policies (CIPES). The third part offers a comparative analysis of a number of national European case studies, focusing on the changing relevance of and increasing expectations around academic careers. The concluding chapter discusses whether the academic profession is merely an artificial term that has to do with a heterogeneous range of occupations, or if there are important common elements of the academic profession across European Higher Education systems.