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The Horizons of Christopher Columbus: Using the Heavens to Map America

Author: Arne Molander

Publisher: Lulu.com

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 258

ISBN-13: 1105863352

The horizons were of fundamental importance to Columbus. The western horizon was the focus of his lifelong quest for undiscovered territory. He used the stars grazing his northern horizon as his guides for sailing constant latitudes, and the lunar-planetary conjunctions (LPCs) at his eastern and western horizons to measure his longitudes. Most 15th Century oceanic sailors knew how to sail constant latitudes guided by the stars, but few, other than Columbus, knew how to use the heavens to measure longitude. His innovative navigation method measured longitudes by comparing measurements of LPCs at his eastern and western horizons using celestial data tabulated in his Ephemerides. Major findings include: Columbus used celestial events, he served on a 1477 voyage to Nova Scotia, comprehensive evidence reveals his 1492 landfall was at Egg Island, Amerigo Vespucci beat Ponce de Leon to Florida by a dozen years, and Columbus may have facilitated a deliberate sinking of the Santa Maria.

Mapping Christopher Columbus

Author: Al M. Rocca

Publisher: McFarland

Published: 2023-02-10

Total Pages: 261

ISBN-13: 1476687552

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The impact of Christopher Columbus's first transatlantic voyage launched an unprecedented explosion of European exploration. Throughout the last 500 years, scholars have recognized this transforming event, and they have written extensively on the subject. To date, no American author has dedicated a book to Columbus's life before 1492. This biography does so, with a focus on geographical experiences that affected his formulation of a transatlantic concept. Incorporating extensive research from American and European scholars (historians, geographers, anthropologists, and cartographers), the author proposes that Columbus systematically built a transatlantic voyage proposal from knowledge gained on previous voyages in the Mediterranean Sea and Eastern Atlantic Ocean. The book's extensive use of maps place Columbus's actions on specific land and ocean locations. Persons interested in gleaning more information about Columbus's maritime background will find a plethora of maps to visualize the extent of his early travels.

The life and voyages of Christopher Columbus; together with the voyages of his companions

Author: Washington Irving

Publisher: London : J. Murray

Published: 1849

Total Pages: 6

ISBN-13:

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The Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus

Author: Christopher Columbus

Publisher: Penguin UK

Published: 2004-02-05

Total Pages: 320

ISBN-13: 0141920424

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No gamble in history has been more momentous than the landfall of Columbus's ship the Santa Maria in the Americas in 1492 - an event that paved the way for the conquest of a 'New World'. The accounts collected here provide a vivid narrative of his voyages throughout the Caribbean and finally to the mainland of Central America, although he still believed he had reached Asia. Columbus himself is revealed as a fascinating and contradictory figure, fluctuating from awed enthusiasm to paranoia and eccentric geographical speculation. Prey to petty quarrels with his officers, his pious desire to bring Christian civilization to 'savages' matched by his rapacity for gold, Columbus was nonetheless an explorer and seaman of staggering vision and achievement.

The Life of Christopher Columbus. with Appendices and the Colombus Map, Drawn Circa 1490 in the Workshop of Bartolomeo and Christopher Columbus in Lis

Author: Edward Everett Hale

Publisher: ARC Manor

Published: 2008-05-15

Total Pages: 140

ISBN-13: 9781649731036

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Christopher Columbus born between 25 August and 31 October 1451, died 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas. His expeditions, sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, were the first European contact with the Caribbean, Central America, and South America.

The Voyages of Christopher Columbus

Author: Steven Otfinoski

Publisher: Benchmark Education Company

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 36

ISBN-13: 1450907679

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Four times Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Along the way, he lived through storms and shipwrecks. He visited many islands and met native peoples. He started colonies for Spain. Once he was sent home in chains. Columbus always believed he had reached the East, or Asia. One of the most famous explorers of all times never knew where he had been!