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Deep Convection and Deep Water Formation in the Oceans
Author: Simon Chu
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 1991-09-17
Total Pages: 395
ISBN-13: 0080870953
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This book contains articles presenting current knowledge about the formation and renewal of deep waters in the ocean. These articles were presented at an international workshop at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey in March 1990. It is the first book entirely devoted to the topic of deep water formation in which articles have been both selected and reviewed, and it is also the first time authors have addressed both surface and deep mixed layers. Highlighted are: past and recent observations (description and analysis), concepts and models, and modern techniques for future research. Thanks to spectacular advances realised in computing sciences over the last twenty years this volume includes a number of sophisticated numerical models. Observational as well as theoretical studies are presented and a clear distinction is established between open-ocean deep convection and shelf processes, both leading to deep- and bottom-water formation. The main subject addressed is the physical mechanism by which the deep water in the ocean can be renewed. Ventilation occurs at the surface in areas called the gills, where water is mixed and oxygenated before sinking and spreading in the abyss of the deep ocean. This phenomenon is a very active area for both experimentalists and theoreticians because of its strong implications for the understanding of the world ocean circulation and Earth climate. This major theme sheds light on specific and complex processes happening in very restricted areas still controlling three quarters of the total volume of the ocean. All articles include illustrations and a bibliography. This book will be of particular interest to physical oceanographers, earth scientists, environmentalists and climatologists.
Ocean Circulation
Author: Angela Colling
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Published: 2001-08-10
Total Pages: 300
ISBN-13: 9780750652780
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The atmosphere and the ocean -- Ocean currents -- The North Atlantic gyre : observations and theories -- Other major current systems -- Global fluxes and the deep circulation.
Air-Sea Interactions and Deep Convection in the Labrador Sea
Author: Laura S. Bramson
Publisher:
Published: 1997-12-01
Total Pages: 86
ISBN-13: 9781423563037
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Deep convection in the oceans, particularly at high latitudes, plays an important role in the climate systems of the world's oceans and atmosphere. This study was conducted to examine atmospheric forcing effects on deep convection in the Labrador Sea. The Naval Postgraduate School one dimensional ocean mixed layer model was applied to the Labrador Sea from February 12 to March 10, 1997. The model was initialized and forced with oceanographic and atmospheric data collected onboard the R/V Knorr during the first field program of the Labrador Sea Deep Convection Experiment. An ocean mixed layer depth close to 1300m was predicted and verified using the observed data. A sensitivity study was conducted using deviations from observations as input to determine how variations in atmospheric forcing could lead to the observed and even deepened ocean mixed layer. Observed Conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) data were used to verify the model's spatial and temporal predictions of mixed layer temperature, salinity and depth. Model predicted mixed layer depths were usually slightly deeper than those observed. The final model output predicted temperature rather accurately, but model predicted salinity values were consistently low. A variety of sensitivity studies gave new insight to the individual influences of surface fluxes, momentum stresses, precipitation, salinity and individual storm variations to the mixed layer temperature, salinity and depth of the Labrador Sea.
Air-Sea Interactions and Deep Convection in the Labrador Sea
Author: Naval Postgraduate Naval Postgraduate School
Publisher: CreateSpace
Published: 2015-06-14
Total Pages: 76
ISBN-13: 9781514341704
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Deep convection in the oceans, particularly at high latitudes, plays an important role in the climate systems of the world's oceans and atmosphere. This study was conducted to examine atmospheric forcing effects on deep convection in the Labrador Sea. The Naval Postgraduate School one dimensional ocean mixed layer model was applied to the Labrador Sea from February 12 to March 10, 1997. The model was initialized and forced with oceanographic and atmospheric data collected onboard the RN Knorr during the first field program of the Labrador Sea Deep Convection Experiment. An ocean mixed layer depth close to 1300 m was predicted and verified using the observed data. A sensitivity study was conducted using deviations from observations as input to determine how variations in atmospheric forcing could lead to the observed and even deepened ocean mixed layer. Observed Conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) data were used to verify the model's spatial and temporal predictions of mixed layer temperature, salinity and depth. Model predicted mixed layer depths were usually slightly deeper than those observed. The final model output predicted temperature rather accurately, but model predicted salinity values were consistently low. A variety of sensitivity studies gave new insight to the individual influences of surface fluxes, momentum stresses, precipitation, salinity and individual storm variations to the mixed layer temperature, salinity and depth of the Labrador Sea.
Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Fluxes
Author: Robert R. Dickson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2008-03-03
Total Pages: 728
ISBN-13: 1402067747
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →We are only now beginning to understand the climatic impact of the remarkable events that are now occurring in subarctic waters. Researchers, however, have yet to agree upon a predictive model that links change in our northern seas to climate. This volume brings together the body of evidence needed to develop climate models that quantify the ocean exchanges through subarctic seas, measure their variability, and gauge their impact on climate.
Open-ocean Convection
Freshwater Export from the Arctic Ocean and Its Downstream Effect on Labrador Sea Deep Convection in a High-resolution Numerical Model
Author: Timothy P. McGeehan
Publisher:
Published: 2010
Total Pages: 185
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The Labrador Sea is one of the only known locations of deep open ocean convection, a process determined to play a significant role in regulating global thermohaline circulation and climate. The main hypothesis of this study is that low salinity water from the Arctic Ocean, particularly outflow through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA), may affect Labrador Sea deep convection. To address it, output from a pan-Arctic high-resolution coupled ice-ocean model was examined. Volume and freshwater fluxes through the CAA for 1979-2004 were found in good agreement with the observations. Further analyses suggest that the flow through the major CAA channels depends on the sea surface height gradient between the Arctic Ocean and northern Baffin Bay. Freshwater flux anomalies entering the Labrador Sea through Davis Strait do not immediately affect deep convection. Instead, eddies and sea ice acting on shorter time scales can move freshwater to locations of active convection and halt the process, which underscores the importance of high-resolution. Also, changing ice conditions revealed the Northwest Passage was a possible shipping route in three summers. Finally, preliminary results from an eddyresolving model configuration suggest that many of the shortcomings in this model may be rectified with higher spatial resolution.
Ocean Circulation
Author: Andreas Schmittner
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2013-05-02
Total Pages: 752
ISBN-13: 1118671880
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 173. The ocean's meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is a key factor in climate change. The Atlantic MOC, in particular, is believed to play an active role in the regional and global climate variability. It is associated with the recent debate on rapid climate change, the Atlantic Multi-Decadal Oscillation (AMO), global warming, and Atlantic hurricanes. This is the first book to deal with all aspects of the ocean's large-scale meridional overturning circulation, and is a coherent presentation, from a mechanistic point of view, of our current understanding of paleo, present-day, and future variability and change. It presents the current state of the science by bringing together the world's leading experts in physical, chemical, and biological oceanography, marine geology, geochemistry, paleoceanography, and climate modeling. A mix of overview and research papers makes this volume suitable not only for experts in the field, but also for students and anyone interested in climate change and the oceans.
Ocean Circulation and Climate
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2001-03-27
Total Pages: 737
ISBN-13: 0080491979
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The book represents all the knowledge we currently have on ocean circulation. It presents an up-to-date summary of the state of the science relating to the role of the oceans in the physical climate system.The book is structured to guide the reader through the wide range of World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) science in a consistent way. Cross-references between contributors have been added, and the book has a comprehensive index and unified reference list.The book is simple to read, at the undergraduate level. It was written by the best scientists in the world who have collaborated to carry out years of experiments to better understand ocean circulation.
