The flat earth theory. A tale as old as time

The flat earth theory. A tale as old as time PDF

Author:

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2021-09-21

Total Pages: 9

ISBN-13: 3346495302

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Essay from the year 2021 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,5, University of Leipzig (Anglistik/Amerikanistik), course: Conspiracy Theories, language: English, abstract: This essay tries to shed some light on the origins and the appeal of the flat earth theory It shows, that the origins can be traced back at least until Ancient Greece. While a spherical model of the earth might seem like an axiom to many, there is a growing community of people who refuse to believe this seemingly basic fact of human life. Those, who do not consider the evidence of a spherical earth to be credible, believe in the so-called flat earth theory. The assumed shapes of the earth circulating within the community are as manifold as the believers themselves. Some assume the earth to be a square, a triangle or even just an infinite plane in all directions. While there is no clear consensus about the earths “true shape” among the members of this community, the most popular assumed shape of the earth would be a disc shaped one. The edges of the disc are often envisioned to be surrounded by a wall of ice or by a shape similar to a snow globe, which to them explains why nothing and no one has ever fallen from the edge of the earth. In addition to the basic flat shape of the earth, some followers of this theory also believe in a plethora of other conspiracy myths. According to one of said narratives, the Nazis were assisted by aliens when fleeing to Antarctica after the Second World War in order to avoid trial. At a first glance there is no logical relation between a non-spherical earth and a geocentric model of the universe However, to rationalize the existence of night and day most believers of the flat earth theory also assume the sun moving around the earths North Pole, creating a spotlight that illuminates different regions of the earth at different times . In addition to the sun's altered course around the earth, the US model of a flat earth also suggests that the stars are located in a dome above the sun and moon, which they believe are at a distance of 5500 km from the earth. The general description modern believers of the flat earth theory use is very similar to the many theories present throughout history, which makes investigating the historical roots of the modern day conspiracy even more important.

Flat Earth

Flat Earth PDF

Author: Christine Garwood

Publisher: Macmillan

Published: 2008-08-05

Total Pages: 623

ISBN-13: 1429986948

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Contrary to popular belief fostered in countless school classrooms the world over, Christopher Columbus did not discover that the earth was round. The idea of a spherical world had been widely accepted in educated circles from as early as the fourth century B.C. Yet, bizarrely, it was not until the supposedly more rational nineteenth century that the notion of a flat earth really took hold. Even more bizarrely, it persists to this day, despite Apollo missions and widely publicized pictures of the decidedly spherical Earth from space. Based on a range of original sources, Garwood's history of flat-Earth beliefs---from the Babylonians to the present day---raises issues central to the history and philosophy of science, its relationship to religion and the making of human knowledge about the natural world. Flat Earth is the first definitive study of one of history's most notorious and persistent ideas, and it evokes all the intellectual, philosophical, and spiritual turmoil of the modern age. Ranging from ancient Greece, through Victorian England, to modern-day America, this is a story that encompasses religion, science, and pseudoscience, as well as a spectacular array of people and places. Where else could eccentric aristocrats, fundamentalist preachers, and conspiracy theorists appear alongside Copernicus, Newton, and NASA, except in an account of such a legendary misconception? Thoroughly enjoyable and illuminating, Flat Earth is social and intellectual history at its best.

Inventing the Flat Earth

Inventing the Flat Earth PDF

Author: Jeffrey B. Russell

Publisher: Praeger

Published: 1997-01-30

Total Pages: 172

ISBN-13:

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Reveals the facts behind the deceiving myths that have been professed about Columbus and his time.

Off the Edge

Off the Edge PDF

Author: Kelly Weill

Publisher: Hachette UK

Published: 2022-02-22

Total Pages: 289

ISBN-13: 1643752197

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“A deep dive into the world of Flat Earth conspiracy theorists . . . that brilliantly reveals how people fall into illogical beliefs, reject reason, destroy relationships, and connect with a broad range of conspiracy theories in the social media age. Beautiful, probing, and often empathetic . . . An insightful, human look at what fuels conspiracy theories.” —Science Since 2015, there has been a spectacular boom in a centuries-old delusion: that the earth is flat. More and more people believe that we all live on a pancake-shaped planet, capped by a solid dome and ringed by an impossible wall of ice. How? Why? In Off the Edge, journalist Kelly Weill draws a direct line from today’s conspiratorial moment, brimming not just with Flat Earthers but also anti-vaxxers and QAnon followers, back to the early days of Flat Earth theory in the 1830s. We learn the natural impulses behind these beliefs: when faced with a complicated world out of our control, humans have always sought patterns to explain the inexplicable. This psychology doesn’t change. But with the dawn of the twenty-first century, something else has shifted. Powered by Facebook and YouTube algorithms, the Flat Earth movement is growing. At once a definitive history of the movement and an essential look at its unbelievable present, Off the Edge introduces us to a cast of larger-than-life characters. We meet historical figures like the nineteenth-century grifter who first popularized the theory, as well as the many modern-day Flat Earthers Weill herself gets to know, from moms on vacation to determined creationists to neo-Nazi rappers. We discover what, and who, converts people to Flat Earth belief, and what happens inside the rabbit hole. And we even meet a man determined to fly into space in a homemade rocket-powered balloon—whose tragic death is as senseless and absurd as the theory he sets out to prove. In this incisive and powerful story about belief, Kelly Weill explores how we arrived at this moment of polarized realities and explains what needs to happen so that we might all return to the same spinning globe.

One Hundred Proofs That the Earth Is Not a Globe

One Hundred Proofs That the Earth Is Not a Globe PDF

Author: William Carpenter

Publisher: DigiCat

Published: 2022-08-10

Total Pages: 83

ISBN-13:

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"One Hundred Proofs the Earth is Not a Globe" is a book by an English printer and author in which he concludes his research on the flat-Earth theory, which he developed throughout his life. The book presents his considerations and calculations of sea levels, cartography, rivers, and other natural phenomena that are the basis of the flat Earth theory. It also contains references to ancient writings from different nations of the world.

Terra Firma

Terra Firma PDF

Author: David Wardlaw Scott

Publisher: Dalcassian Publishing Company

Published: 1901-01-01

Total Pages: 304

ISBN-13:

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Includes bibliographical references and index

Flat Earth Or Round Earth

Flat Earth Or Round Earth PDF

Author: Valentin Matcas

Publisher:

Published: 2020-03-04

Total Pages: 138

ISBN-13:

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Would you like to learn the truth about Earth, about its shape, nature, meaning, and characteristics? Then get ready to embark in the study of one of the most restricted and controversial topics, the Flat Earth Theory. Yes, the Flat Earth is back, and it has always been around, since it has always been accepted among the upper social classes. It transpires today in the Media, Politics, Entertainment, and even in Science, it becomes more and more visible, and consequently, millions of people already research the Flat Earth Theory today. Yet this time is the other way around, with authorities ignoring the Flat Earth Theory, while enforcing only the Spherical Model of Earth, along with the Big Bang Theory, the Theory of Evolution, the Theory of Relativity, and so on. Is the Earth flat or spherical? You cannot know with certainty, just because concepts as 'theory' and 'model' signify probable truth only until proven false, and therefore it is not accurate. While Science is full of theories, models, interpretations, and speculations, but not of facts. Because as long as you have access only to debatable information, records, and theories about space beyond the lower orbit of Earth, then both the Spherical and Flat models of Earth remain simple theories too, not facts. Yet this book goes beyond researching the true shape and nature of Earth, since it manages to reveal the social actors behind the main theories defining Earth Science and Space Science today, including the strategies and intentions that these social actors have from you and from the entire world. What chance can the Flat Earth Theory have against the current official model? It depends who is behind Science and how they want the Earth to be, but most importantly, it depends on which side of the line you stand this time, because this time it is all different, since this time you seem to have a choice in these.This book creates a comprehensive model of Earth and of the entire world, studying its shape, boundaries, characteristics, and social circumstances, using reasoning and accurate facts. This research of the true shape and nature of Earth is done from all perspectives: scientific, empiric, social, cognitive, existential, and spiritual. If you want to learn the truth about Earth, this book is for you.

Flat Earth Clues

Flat Earth Clues PDF

Author: Mark Sargent

Publisher: Booglez Limited

Published: 2023-12-04

Total Pages: 164

ISBN-13: 1916611028

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The Flat Earth Clues book gives you 14 compelling reasons why you should rethink the globe model that you have been taught. Before you were born, before your parents, your grandparents, before you even had a family line… there was the illusion, the trick, the lie... That you lived on a small spinning rock, flying through space. What if, after centuries of preaching the globe as a religious icon, "the powers that be" found out that it was actually not a sphere, but instead something much different? Would they risk unravelling 500 years of science doctrine by informing the public? Could a government still retain it's authority if there were actually proof of a higher power? It's about proving the Flat Earth, but more importantly, it's about disproving the globe, and that shouldn't be possible, but there are several big questions which science has a difficult time with. Why was there only one blue marble image used for 43 years? Where are the videos of the earth rotating from space? Astronauts can't turn around in space with the camera running? Not even by accident? Are the Van Allen radiation belts dangerous? Why does the Orion Trial by Fire video exist? Why was the space shuttle program cancelled? Why does the Mars mission keep getting postponed? Why are they closing down the ISS? Why is Psalm 19:1 on Werner Von Braun's headstone? Why is the moon generating a light that is sometimes 12 degrees colder than the moon shade? How is that possible if it's reflecting the suns rays? And if the moon is generating it's own light source, then what was that dark grey thing we landed on? We can beam back crystal clear photos of Pluto, but the Global Positioning System doesn't track planes in the Southern oceans? And why does this topic, compared to ANY other, conspiracy or not, make people excited, angry, or scared? Some of you are getting anxious just listening! Why? Because it's the greatest trick of all, and we all fell for it. You should be excited, because it's going to change the world. You should be angry, because you were fooled your entire life, and you should be a little scared, because this is uncharted territory. This is the Flat Earth theory, that the world is easy to understand, more intimate, and very deliberate. It didn't just happen, it was built, and more importantly built for you. Open your eyes and smile. You have never been alone. Published by Booglez Limited, UK - Flat Earth Clues is digestible nuggets of information broken down in a very reader-friendly way. Author Mark Sargent is located in the USA. He features in the Netflix documentary Behind The Curve (2018). Mark runs a regular radio show on Truth Frequency Radio where you can phone in and discuss the topic.

How to Talk to a Science Denier

How to Talk to a Science Denier PDF

Author: Lee McIntyre

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2022-08-02

Total Pages: 281

ISBN-13: 0262545055

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Can we change the minds of science deniers? Encounters with flat earthers, anti-vaxxers, coronavirus truthers, and others. "Climate change is a hoax--and so is coronavirus." "Vaccines are bad for you." These days, many of our fellow citizens reject scientific expertise and prefer ideology to facts. They are not merely uninformed--they are misinformed. They cite cherry-picked evidence, rely on fake experts, and believe conspiracy theories. How can we convince such people otherwise? How can we get them to change their minds and accept the facts when they don't believe in facts? In this book, Lee McIntyre shows that anyone can fight back against science deniers, and argues that it's important to do so. Science denial can kill. Drawing on his own experience--including a visit to a Flat Earth convention--as well as academic research, McIntyre outlines the common themes of science denialism, present in misinformation campaigns ranging from tobacco companies' denial in the 1950s that smoking causes lung cancer to today's anti-vaxxers. He describes attempts to use his persuasive powers as a philosopher to convert Flat Earthers; surprising discussions with coal miners; and conversations with a scientist friend about genetically modified organisms in food. McIntyre offers tools and techniques for communicating the truth and values of science, emphasizing that the most important way to reach science deniers is to talk to them calmly and respectfully--to put ourselves out there, and meet them face to face.