Law and Economic Organization

Law and Economic Organization PDF

Author: Katherine S. Newman

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1983-12-30

Total Pages: 282

ISBN-13: 9780521289665

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In this important contribution to the comparative study of legal systems the author examines a sample of some sixty pre-industrial societies from around the world in an attempt to explain why their legal institutions vary.

Inka Storage Systems

Inka Storage Systems PDF

Author: Terry V Levine

Publisher:

Published: 2014-10-17

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780806148106

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Inka storage systems financed the largest prehistoric New World empire, the Inka state, which extended almost three thousand miles along the west coast of South America and into the Andean highlands. In this volume, prominent anthropologists and archaeologists explore for the first time how Inka storage was integrated into the Inka administrative system, and how Inka authorities consolidated their power by controlling access to concentrated resources. The massive wealth accumulated in Inka storehouses was legendary in sixteenth-century accounts of the Spanish invasion of the Andes. Archaeological studies reported here reveal how and why circular and rectangular Inka structures, known as qollqa, were built at high elevations where climatic conditions protected and preserved the contents. The Inkas tailored the administration of their vast economy-which was without currency-to the resources of each region and political sophistication of the local population. They filled storehouses with agricultural products, textiles and other manufactured goods, and oro from state-owned mines, through an elaborate system of taxation based on corvée labor. As organization and deployment of economic surpluses became more efficient, Inka rulers were able to tighten their control. This major contribution to Andean studies presents research from several regions and from major Inka storage archaelogical sites-Huanuco Pampa, Pumpu, Hatun Xauxa, Valle Calchaqui and Huamachuco. The discussions range from theoretical considerations of Inka political economy to excavation and analysis of individual storage structures. Inka Storage Systems is unique-focusing on storage and emphasizing archaeological data complemented by ethnohistorical interpretations. Contributors Coreen E. Chiswell, Terence N. D'Altory, Timothy L. Earle, Christine A. Hastorf, Heidi A. Lennstrom, Terry Y. LeVine, Craig Morris, James E. Snead, John R. Topic Terry Y. LeVine was Research Associate in the Institute of Archaeology and a Research Consultant in the Fowler Museum of Cultural History, University of California, Los Angeles.

Comparative and Global Framing of Enslavement

Comparative and Global Framing of Enslavement PDF

Author: Stephan Conermann

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2023-09-04

Total Pages: 222

ISBN-13: 3111296911

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The study of enslavement has become urgent over the last two decades. Social scientists, legal scholars, human rights activists, and historians, who study forms of enslavement in both modern and historical societies, have sought - and often achieved - common conceptual grounds, thus forging a new perspective that comprises historical and contemporary forms of slavery. What could certainly be termed a turn in the study of slavery has also intensified awareness of enslavement as a global phenomenon, inviting a comparative, trans-regional approach across time-space divides. Though different aspects of enslavement in different societies and eras are discussed, each of the volume's three parts contributes to, and has benefitted from, a global perspective of enslavement. The chapters in Part One propose to structure the global examination of the theoretical, ideological, and methodological aspects of the "global," "local," and "glocal." Part Two, "Regional and Trans-regional Perspectives of the Global," presents, through analyses of historical case studies, the link between connectivity and mobility as a fundamental aspect of the globalization of enslavement. Finally, Part Three deals with personal points of view regarding the global, local, and glocal. Grosso modo, the contributors do not only present their case studies, but attempt to demonstrate what insights and added-value explanations they gain from positioning their work vis-à-vis a broader "big picture."

The Inka Empire

The Inka Empire PDF

Author: Izumi Shimada

Publisher: University of Texas Press

Published: 2015-06-01

Total Pages: 393

ISBN-13: 1477303936

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Massive yet elegantly executed masonry architecture and andenes (agricultural terraces) set against majestic and seemingly boundless Andean landscapes, roads built in defiance of rugged terrains, and fine textiles with orderly geometric designs—all were created within the largest political system in the ancient New World, a system headed, paradoxically, by a single, small minority group without wheeled vehicles, markets, or a writing system, the Inka. For some 130 years (ca. A.D. 1400 to 1533), the Inka ruled over at least eighty-six ethnic groups in an empire that encompassed about 2 million square kilometers, from the northernmost region of the Ecuador–Colombia border to northwest Argentina. The Inka Empire brings together leading international scholars from many complementary disciplines, including human genetics, linguistics, textile and architectural studies, ethnohistory, and archaeology, to present a state-of-the-art, holistic, and in-depth vision of the Inkas. The contributors provide the latest data and understandings of the political, demographic, and linguistic evolution of the Inkas, from the formative era prior to their political ascendancy to their post-conquest transformation. The scholars also offer an updated vision of the unity, diversity, and essence of the material, organizational, and symbolic-ideological features of the Inka Empire. As a whole, The Inka Empire demonstrates the necessity and value of a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates the insights of fields beyond archaeology and ethnohistory. And with essays by scholars from seven countries, it reflects the cosmopolitanism that has characterized Inka studies ever since its beginnings in the nineteenth century.

The Indian in Latin American History

The Indian in Latin American History PDF

Author: John E. Kicza

Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers

Published: 1999-09-01

Total Pages: 325

ISBN-13: 146164447X

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Initially decimated by disease and later faced with the loss of their lands and their political autonomy, Latin American Indians have displayed remarkable resilience. They have resisted cultural hegemony with rebellions and have initiated petitions to demand remedies to injustices, while consciously selecting certain aspects of the West to incorporate into their cultures. Leading historians, anthropologists and sociologists examine Indian-Western relationships from the Spaniards' initial contact with the Incas to the cultural interplay of today's Latin America. This revised edition contains four brand new chapters and a revised introduction. The list of suggested readings and films has also been updated.

Fiscal Regimes and the Political Economy of Premodern States

Fiscal Regimes and the Political Economy of Premodern States PDF

Author: Andrew Monson

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2015-04-23

Total Pages: 603

ISBN-13: 1316300153

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Inspired by the new fiscal history, this book represents the first global survey of taxation in the premodern world. What emerges is a rich variety of institutions, including experiments with sophisticated instruments such as sovereign debt and fiduciary money, challenging the notion of a typical premodern stage of fiscal development. The studies also reveal patterns and correlations across widely dispersed societies that shed light on the basic factors driving the intensification, abatement, and innovation of fiscal regimes. Twenty scholars have contributed perspectives from a wide range of fields besides history, including anthropology, economics, political science and sociology. The volume's coverage extends beyond Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Near East to East Asia and the Americas, thereby transcending the Eurocentric approach of most scholarship on fiscal history.

Potosí in the Global Silver Age (16th—19th Centuries)

Potosí in the Global Silver Age (16th—19th Centuries) PDF

Author:

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2023-03-06

Total Pages: 511

ISBN-13: 9004528687

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The open access publication of this book has been made possible thanks to the International Institute of Social History – Amsterdam. Potosí (today Bolivia) was the major supplier for the Spanish Empire and for the world and still today boasts the world's single-richest silver deposit. This book explores the political economy of silver production and circulation illuminating a vital chapter in the history of global capitalism. It travels through geology, sacred spaces, and technical knowledge in the first section; environmental history and labor in the second section; silver flows, the heterogeneous world of mining producers, and their agency in the third; and some of the local, regional, and global impacts of Potosí mining in the fourth section. The main focus is on the establishment of a complex infrastructure at the site, its major changes over time, and the new human and environmental landscape that emerged for the production of one of the world ́s major commodities: silver. Eleven authors from different countries present their most recent research based on years of archival research, providing the readers with cutting-edge scholarship. Contributors are: Julio Aguilar, James Almeida, Rossana Barragán Romano, Mariano A. Bonialian, Thérèse Bouysse-Cassagne, Kris Lane, Tristan Platt, Renée Raphael, Masaki Sato, Heidi V. Scott, and Paula C. Zagalsky.

The Hydraulic State

The Hydraulic State PDF

Author: Charles R. Ortloff

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2020-08-12

Total Pages: 391

ISBN-13: 1000088251

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The Hydraulic State explores the hydraulic engineering technology underlying water system constructions of many of the ancient World Heritage sites in South America, the Middle East and Asia as used in their urban and agricultural water supply systems. Using a range of methods and techniques, some new to archaeology, Ortloff analyzes various ancient water systems such as agricultural field system designs known in ancient Peruvian and Bolivian Andean societies, water management at Nabataean Petra, the Roman Pont du Garde water distribution castellum, the Minoan site of Knossos and the water systems of dynastic (and modern) China, particularly the Grand Canal and early water systems designed to control flood episodes. In doing so the book greatly increases our understanding of the hydraulic/hydrological engineering of ancient societies through the application of Complexity Theory, Similitude Theory and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, as well as traditional archaeological analysis methods. Serving to highlight the engineering science behind water structures of the ancient World Heritage sites discussed, this book will be of interest to archaeologists working on landscape archaeology, urbanism, agriculture and water management.