Author: Mr.Hugh Bredenkamp
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 1993-03-01
Total Pages: 26
ISBN-13: 1451921071
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This paper surveys some of the principal monetary policy issues facing countries of the former U.S.S.R. The emphasis is on the immediate problem of imposing financial discipline in these economies, to bring down inflation quickly and decisively. Possible options for the essential nominal anchor are considered, together with the problems of selecting appropriate targets and instruments for monetary policy needed to make that anchor effective. It is argued that, if the stabilization effort is to be sustained, discipline must be imposed at the micro- as well as the macro-level, and the paper suggests a second-best approach to the allocation of credit in the absence of well-functioning credit markets.
Author: Warner Max Corden
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 1992
Total Pages: 62
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →One approach to trade policy among the former Soviet republics is to have no trade policy - to have completely free trade with convertibility for current account transactions. Trade policy should be transparent. Any tariff and export tax structures should be simple. Quantitative controls should be avoided. And no barriers to existing trade between the republics should be introduced.
Author: Mr.Richard C. Bart
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 1994-06-01
Total Pages: 316
ISBN-13: 9781557753649
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →External sector policies and exchange rate policy are central to a country's economic performance and to the IMF's surveillance functions. The papers in this book, edited by Richard Barth and Chorng-Huey Wong, were presented at a seminar on Exchange Rate Policy in Developing and Transition Economies held by the IMF Institute. They analyze choices of exchange rate regimes, issues affecting management of exchange regimes, and specific types of regimes, including case studies from the former Soviet Union, Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
Author: Richard Abrams
Publisher:
Published: 2006
Total Pages: 38
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →In the last few years, a number of countries in the Former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have become independent or regained their independence. Many have chosen to issue their own currencies and more are likely to do so. This paper draws on these and earlier experiences in order to summarize the main policy and institutional arrangements necessary for the introduction of a new currency and to discuss the key features of, and procedures for, the conversion.The paper is designed as a working document for those involved with currency reforms to help ensure that all the necessary steps are taken prior to, during, and immediately after the introduction of a new currency. The body of the paper is in four parts. First, the main macroeconomic and operational measures required to prepare for the orderly transition to the new currency are discussed, including decisions regarding the choice of exchange regime, the issuance of coupons and the costs and benefits of currency reforms. The next section covers issues relating to the production of the new currency bank notes. Next, the main features and terms of the conversion are discussed, as well as certain special issues such as speculative inflows and the treatment of banks` customers and old currency contracts. The last section covers the operation of the foreign exchange market and maintenance of exchange rate stability in the period immediately following the introduction of the new currency. The appendix covers the technical aspects of currency handling, accounting and management.
Author: Imre Vincze
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2013-06-29
Total Pages: 189
ISBN-13: 9401733708
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Economic cooperation between the CMEA countries is implemented according to the monetary and financial regulations worked out collectively. The regulations cover the organizational structure of international settlements; the choice of currency for settlements; the principles of international credit transactions ; the determination ofthe exchange rate of the currency used in international settlements to national currencies and to convertible currencies outside the CMEA; the principles and rules ofinternational exchange and transfers; mIes for the currency allotments of citizens (roles of international transfers for citizens). The regulations also contain provisions for international settlements and credit transactions which are concluded through an independent international bank or banks. These regulations, the instruments and institutions together, form the international payments and monetary system of the CMEA. * The financial and monetary regulations of the CMEA community were formed in several stages, depending on the prevailing· conditions and the targets to be attained. In the years between 1949 and 1963 the general form of economic cooperation and of international settlements was the bilateral clearing agreement. In the bilateral agreements which the Soviet Union concluded with the other CMEA countries the currency of settlements was the Soviet rouble. The prices applied in foreign trade were not the internal producer prices of the Soviet Union, but world market prices (main international market prices) expressed in roubles, with the he]p ofthe exchange rate ofthe Soviet rouble to the US dollar, as quoted in the Soviet Union.
Author: Mr.Helmut Wagner
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 1998-08-01
Total Pages: 50
ISBN-13: 1451936680
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →In the 1990s, the issues of central banking and central bank independence have gained increasing attention, in part owing to the role of the future European central bank, but also owing to the emergence of transition countries and the role of central banks in these countries. The main focus of the paper is on the preconditions of disinflation and successful stability policy in transition countries, paying special attention to the institutional requirements and to the choice of nominal anchors.
Author: C.L Melliss
Publisher:
Published: 1998
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This paper describes the break-up of the rouble zone after the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1991 and the opportunities and risks involved in establishing separate currencies in the new republics of the FSU. Fundamental disagreements about the desirable pace of economic reform, together with the need for radical changes in the pattern of economic activity, greatly weakened the case for retention of a single currency. Also, by mid-1993, the reformers in Russia had realized that continued use of the rouble by the republics weakened the authorities' ability to control monetary developments. The introduction of new currencies in countries lacking experience of economic policy making is bound to be a messy and uncertain process. The paper discusses the policy choices involved, in particular the appropriate exchange rate regime and the possible role for a currency board as a way of giving monetary policy credibility at an early stage in the transition. It concludes that bringing the fiscal position under control should be the first aim of policy for these countries. In the absence of bond markets deficits will tend to be money financed and the choice of exchange rate regime, by itself, is probably of second-order importance. The paper concludes with seven case studies, including the Baltic States and the Ukraine. When the paper was written, some republics had inflation rates of 25% a month or more, and there seemed little prospect of a rapid fall. In fact performance has generally been rather better than then seemed likely. The main reasons for this seem to have been the absence of a "flight-from-money" typical of Latin-American hyperinflation. Fiscal deficits have been kept under reasonable control, probably as a result of external pressure.
Author: Carsten Hefeker
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2018-05-04
Total Pages: 176
ISBN-13: 0429968299
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The currency question, Disreali is reported to have said, has made even more persons mad than love. A quantitative test of the accuracy of this comparison is, in the present deplorable state of medical statistics, scarcely possible, But Disraeli may well have been right.