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The Cellular Basis of Cardiovascular Function in Health and Disease

Author: Pawan K. Singal

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 336

ISBN-13: 1461557658

This special issue of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry contains original research articles and review papers which were invited from the participants of a recent meeting organized to honour the 60th birthday of Naranjan S. Dhalla, Ph.D., M.D.(Hon.). The meeting, organized by Drs. Morris Karmazyn (London), Grant Pierce (Winnipeg) and Balwant Tuana (Ottawa), was held at the Best Western Lakeside Inn in Kenora, Ontario, Canada on August 23-25, 1996. The meeting was entitled The Cellular Basis of Cardiovascular Function in Health and Disease. There were over 40 invited speakers from 15 different countries represented at the meeting, attended by over 280 people. Keynote lectures were presented by Drs. Norman Alpert (Burlington, VT), Robert Jennings (Chapel Hill, NC), Makoto Nagano (Tokyo, Japan), Howard Morgan (Danville, PA), John Solaro (Chicago, IL) and Nobuskira Takeda (Tokyo, Japan). Dr. Henry Friesen, President of the Medical Research Council of Canada, presented Dr. Dhalla with a plaque at the banquet honouring his research accomplishments over his distinguished career. Dr. Dhalla's outstanding research achievements in understanding the subcellular basis of cardiovascular disease were highlighted at the meeting. One of the unique aspects of the meeting was the special effort made by 39 former trainees of Dr. Dhalla to attend the meeting to honour their mentor. The ex-students and trainees came from all over Canada, the United States, Japan, Slovakia, Germany, the Czech Republic, Estonia and the Netherlands. The meeting was judged to be an overwhelming success in terms of the scientific content as well as collaborative interactions initiated.

Cellular and Molecular Pathobiology of Cardiovascular Disease

Author: Monte Willis

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2013-12-23

Total Pages: 339

ISBN-13: 0124055257

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Cellular and Molecular Pathobiology of Cardiovascular Disease focuses on the pathophysiology of common cardiovascular disease in the context of its underlying mechanisms and molecular biology. This book has been developed from the editors' experiences teaching an advanced cardiovascular pathology course for PhD trainees in the biomedical sciences, and trainees in cardiology, pathology, public health, and veterinary medicine. No other single text-reference combines clinical cardiology and cardiovascular pathology with enough molecular content for graduate students in both biomedical research and clinical departments. The text is complemented and supported by a rich variety of photomicrographs, diagrams of molecular relationships, and tables. It is uniquely useful to a wide audience of graduate students and post-doctoral fellows in areas from pathology to physiology, genetics, pharmacology, and more, as well as medical residents in pathology, laboratory medicine, internal medicine, cardiovascular surgery, and cardiology. Explains how to identify cardiovascular pathologies and compare with normal physiology to aid research Gives concise explanations of key issues and background reading suggestions Covers molecular bases of diseases for better understanding of molecular events that precede or accompany the development of pathology

Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition

Author: Roland N. Pittman

Publisher: Biota Publishing

Published: 2016-08-18

Total Pages: 117

ISBN-13: 1615047212

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This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

The Multigenic Basis for Human Cardiovascular Disease

Author: Dekker Colin Deacon

Publisher:

Published: 2015

Total Pages: 126

ISBN-13: 9781321941005

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The cardiovascular system is critically important in the transport of oxygen and nutrients in higher organisms. Much is known about the genetic basis for cardiovascular disease and yet it is becoming increasingly clear that we do not fully understand how changes in a patient's genetic makeup affects their cardiovascular function. This dissertation is comprised of several projects related by their investigation of, and applications towards, the multigenic basis for cardiovascular disease. The goal of the first study was to determine the contribution of common genetic variation to establishing human heart rate variability (Chapter 2). We determined that a variant in the 3'-UTR of CYB561 was associated with heart rate variability and elucidated the molecular and functional consequences of microRNA regulation of CYB561 in establishing heart rate. The second study (Chapter 3) describes a novel technique for generating patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with several advantages over exiting methods. We determined iPSCs derived via this method were capable of differentiating into cells of all three germ layers including contractile cardiomyocytes. The third study (Chapter 4) describes the use of iPSC to study the genetic, molecular, and cellular basis for Danon disease in human cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes harboring mutations in the LAMP2 gene exhibited increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, apoptosis, and calcium handling dysregulation. The fourth and final study of this dissertation (Chapter 5) examines the digenic basis for cardiomyopathy within a large family presenting with high rates of dilated cardiomyopathy. We identified novel variants in the genes VINCULIN and TROPOMYOSION1 and determined that these variants cosegregated among all affected family members and combinatorially predispose to dilated cardiomyopathy. We introduced these variants into mice and observed that the combination of these variants results in diminished contractile function of the mouse heart consistent with patient phenotypes. These studies describe new findings concerning the genetic basis for cardiovascular disease and advancing techniques that will enable the further study of genetic interaction of novel variants. A better understanding of the multigenic genetic basis for disease may promote novel therapeutic strategies to help address the worldwide leading cause of morbidity and mortality.

Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System in Health and Disease

Author: Ashok K. Srivastava

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2008-10-16

Total Pages: 424

ISBN-13: 9780387560762

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Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular System Health and Disease highlights the major contributions of different signaling systems in modulating normal cardiovascular functions and how a perturbation in these signaling events leads to abnormal cell functions and cardiovascular disorders. This title is volume 3 in the new Springer series, Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease.

The Cardiovascular System

Author: Bruce Stillman

Publisher:

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 566

ISBN-13: 9780879696788

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Normal cardiovascular function requires the concerted action of many cell types, each capable of adaptive gene expression in response to developmental, physiological, and pathological cues. The genetic basis of cardiovascular function, development, and disease is an area of intense investigation, in the hope of significant insights into the heart and vessels? basic workings and improvements in diagnosis and therapy. This latest volume in a prestigious book series presents a remarkable survey of current progress in these efforts, through the contributions of over fifty of the world's leading investigators. Sections are devoted to angiogenesis, cardiogenesis, homeostasis, development, vascular biology, and cardiovascular repair and therapy. The book is an essential source of ideas, discoveries, and references for clinical scientists and physicians interested in basic cardiac biology, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and heart failure.

How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease

Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 728

ISBN-13:

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This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cardiovascular Dysfunction, Dhalla 70th Birthday Tribute

Author: Heinz Rupp

Publisher:

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 6

ISBN-13:

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Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease

Author: Naranjan S. Dhalla

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2012-10-31

Total Pages: 648

ISBN-13: 9781461350842

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Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease has been divided into four sections that focus on heart dysfunction and its associated characteristics (hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy and failure); vascular dysfunction and disease; ischemic heart disease; and novel therapeutic interventions. This volume is a compendium of different approaches to understanding cardiovascular disease and identifying the proteins, pathways and processes that impact it.

Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements

Author: Leslie A. Pray

Publisher:

Published: 2014

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780309297493

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Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements is the summary of a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine in August 2013 to review the available science on safe levels of caffeine consumption in foods, beverages, and dietary supplements and to identify data gaps. Scientists with expertise in food safety, nutrition, pharmacology, psychology, toxicology, and related disciplines; medical professionals with pediatric and adult patient experience in cardiology, neurology, and psychiatry; public health professionals; food industry representatives; regulatory experts; and consumer advocates discussed the safety of caffeine in food and dietary supplements, including, but not limited to, caffeinated beverage products, and identified data gaps. Caffeine, a central nervous stimulant, is arguably the most frequently ingested pharmacologically active substance in the world. Occurring naturally in more than 60 plants, including coffee beans, tea leaves, cola nuts and cocoa pods, caffeine has been part of innumerable cultures for centuries. But the caffeine-in-food landscape is changing. There are an array of new caffeine-containing energy products, from waffles to sunflower seeds, jelly beans to syrup, even bottled water, entering the marketplace. Years of scientific research have shown that moderate consumption by healthy adults of products containing naturally-occurring caffeine is not associated with adverse health effects. The changing caffeine landscape raises concerns about safety and whether any of these new products might be targeting populations not normally associated with caffeine consumption, namely children and adolescents, and whether caffeine poses a greater health risk to those populations than it does for healthy adults. This report delineates vulnerable populations who may be at risk from caffeine exposure; describes caffeine exposure and risk of cardiovascular and other health effects on vulnerable populations, including additive effects with other ingredients and effects related to pre-existing conditions; explores safe caffeine exposure levels for general and vulnerable populations; and identifies data gaps on caffeine stimulant effects.