The British Library general catalogue of printed books 1988 to 1989. 13. Insti - Jzn
Author: British Library
Publisher:
Published: 1990
Total Pages: 445
ISBN-13: 9783598330636
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: British Library
Publisher:
Published: 1990
Total Pages: 445
ISBN-13: 9783598330636
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: British Library
Publisher:
Published: 1990
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13: 9783598330506
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: British Museum. Department of Printed Books
Publisher:
Published: 1969
Total Pages: 1354
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: British Library
Publisher:
Published: 1987-01-01
Total Pages: 565
ISBN-13: 9780862916022
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: British Library (London)
Publisher:
Published: 1979
Total Pages: 522
ISBN-13: 9780851575209
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: British Library (London)
Publisher:
Published: 1981
Total Pages: 536
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: Alun C. Davies
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2022-04-11
Total Pages: 399
ISBN-13: 1000571904
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This survey of the rise and decline of English watchmaking fills a gap in the historiography of British industry. Clerkenwell in London was supplied with 'rough movements' from Prescot, 200 miles away in Lancashire. Smaller watchmaking hubs later emerged in Coventry, Liverpool, and Birmingham. The English industry led European watchmaking in the late eighteenth century in output, and its lucrative export markets extended to the Ottoman Empire and China. It also made marine chronometers, the most complex of hand-crafted pre-industrial mechanisms, crucially important to the later hegemony of Britain’s navy and merchant marine. Although Britain was the 'workshop of the world', its watchmaking industry declined. Why? First, because cheap Swiss watches were smuggled into British markets. Later, in the era of Free Trade, they were joined by machine-made watches from factories in America, enabled by the successful application to watch production of the 'American system' in Waltham, Massachusetts after 1858. The Swiss watch industry adapted itself appropriately, expanded, and reasserted its lead in the world’s markets. English watchmaking did not: its trajectory foreshadowed and was later followed by other once-prominent British industries. Clerkenwell retained its pre-industrial production methods. Other modernization attempts in Britain had limited success or failed.