Tepe Gawra
Author: Mitchell S. Rothman
Publisher: UPenn Museum of Archaeology
Published: 2002
Total Pages: 526
ISBN-13: 9780924171895
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Of Demographic Trends in Other Greater Mesopotamian Sub-regions. p. 11.
Author: Mitchell S. Rothman
Publisher: UPenn Museum of Archaeology
Published: 2002
Total Pages: 526
ISBN-13: 9780924171895
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Of Demographic Trends in Other Greater Mesopotamian Sub-regions. p. 11.
Author: MEADE
Publisher: BRILL
Published: 2023-06-26
Total Pages: 199
ISBN-13: 9004670912
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: Stephen Bertman
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Published: 2005-07-14
Total Pages: 410
ISBN-13: 0195183649
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Modern-day archaeological discoveries in the Near East continue to illuminate man's understanding of the ancient world. This illustrated handbook describes the culture, history, and people of Mesopotamia, as well as their struggle for survival and happiness.
Author: Matteo Pontoglio Emilii
Publisher: Edizioni Sette Città
Published: 2021-12-06
Total Pages: 1231
ISBN-13: 8878538752
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Raccolta di articoli in onore di Marcella Frangipane riguardo il sito archeologico Arslantepe, in Antaolia orientale
Author: Palestine. Dept. of Antiquities
Publisher:
Published: 1936
Total Pages: 420
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: Denise Schmandt-Besserat
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Published: 1992
Total Pages: 310
ISBN-13: 9780292707832
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Before Writing gives a new perspective on the evolution of communication. It points out that when writing began in Mesopotamia it was not, as previously thought, a sudden and spontaneous invention. Instead, it was the outgrowth of many thousands of years' worth of experience at manipulating symbols. In Volume I: From Counting to Cuneiform, Denise Schmandt-Besserat describes how in about 8000 B.C., coinciding with the rise of agriculture, a system of counters, or tokens, appeared in the Near East. These tokens—small, geometrically shaped objects made of clay—represented various units of goods and were used to count and account for them. The token system was a breakthrough in data processing and communication that ultimately led to the invention of writing about 3100 B.C. Through a study of archaeological and epigraphic evidence, Schmandt-Besserat traces how the Sumerian cuneiform script, the first writing system, emerged from a counting device. In Volume II: A Catalog of Near Eastern Tokens, Schmandt-Besserat presents the primary data on which she bases her theories. These data consist of several thousand tokens, catalogued by country, archaeological site, and token types and subtypes. The information also includes the chronology, stratigraphy, museum ownership, accession or field number, references to previous publications, material, and size of the artifacts. Line drawings and photographs illustrate the various token types.
Author: Juan Carlos Moreno Garcia
Publisher: Oxbow Books
Published: 2022-11-30
Total Pages: 313
ISBN-13: 1789258642
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The organization and characteristics of early and ancient states have become the focus of a renewed interest from archaeologists, ancient historians and anthropologists in recent years. On the one hand, neo-evolutionary schemas of political transformation find it difficult to define some of their most basic concepts, such as chiefdom, complex chiefdom and state, not to mention the transition between them. On the other hand, teleological interpretations based on linear dynamics, from less to increasingly more complex political structures, in successive steps, impose biased and too rigid views on the available evidence. In fact, recent research stresses the existence of other forms of socio-political organization, less vertically integrated and more heterarchical, that proved highly successful and resilient in the long term in tying together social groups. What is more, such forms quite often represented the basic blocks on which states were built and that managed to survive once states collapsed. Finally, nomadic, maritime and mountain populations provide fascinating examples of societies that experienced alternative forms of political organization, sometimes on a seasonal basis. In other cases, their consideration as marginal populations that cultivated specialized skills ensured them a certain degree of autonomy when living either within or at the borders of states. This book explores such small-scale socio-political organizations, their potential and the historical trajectories they stimulated. A selection of historical case studies from different regions of the world may help rethink current concepts and views about the emergence and organization of political complexity and the mechanisms that prevented, occasionally, the emergence of solid polities. They may also cast some light over trajectories of historical transformation, still poorly understood as are the limits of effective state power. This book explores the importance of comparative research and long-term historical perspectives to avoid simplistic interpretations, based on the characteristics of modern Western states abusively used retrospectively.
Author: Hans J. Nissen
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Published: 2011-03-04
Total Pages: 230
ISBN-13: 022618269X
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Hans J. Nissen here provides a much-needed overview of 7000 years of development in the ancient Near East from the beginning of settled life to the formation of the first regional states. His approach to the study of Mesopotamian civilization differs markedly from conventional orientations, which impose a sharp division between prehistoric and historic, literate, periods. Nissen argues that this approach is too rigid to explain the actual development of that civilization. He deemphasizes the invention of writing as a turning point, viewing it as simply one more phase in the evolution of social complexity and as the result of specific social, economic, and political factors. With a unique combination of material culture analysis written data, Nissan traces the emergence of the earliest isolated settlements, the growth of a network of towns, the emergence of city states, and finally the appearance of territorial states. From his synthesis of the prehistoric and literate periods comes a unified picture of the development of Mesopotamian economy, society, and culture. Lavishly illustrated, The Early History of the Ancient Near East, 9000-2000 B.C. is an authoritative work by one of the most insightful observers of the evolution and character of Mesopotamian civilization.
Author: Sigfried Giedion
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Published: 2023-08-15
Total Pages: 611
ISBN-13: 0691251886
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →An original account of ancient Egyptian and Sumerian architecture from the acclaimed architectural historian In The Beginnings of Architecture, Sigfried Giedion examines the architecture of ancient Egypt and Sumer. These early builders expressed an attitude of immense force when they confronted their structures with open sky. Giedion argues that it was during these periods that the problem of constancy and change flared up with an intensity unknown in any other period of history, and resolved eventually into the first architectural space conception, the automatic, psychic recording of the visual environment.
Author: Martine Marieke Melein
Publisher: Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
Published: 2018-09-30
Total Pages: 268
ISBN-13: 1784919659
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The flourishing civilisations of Mesopotamia imported all kinds of materials from the surrounding regions. Iron oxide rock was very popular for weight stones and cylinder seals around 2000 BC. This research aims to determine the region of origin for the raw material, what made people start using iron oxide rock, and what led them to stop using it.