Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer

Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer PDF

Author: Keiko Hiyama

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-03-18

Total Pages: 375

ISBN-13: 1603278796

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Telomerase, an enzyme that maintains telomeres and endows eukaryotic cells with immortality, was first discovered in tetrahymena in 1985. In 1990s, it was proven that this enzyme also plays a key role in the infinite proliferation of human cancer cells. Now telomere and telomerase are widely accepted as important factors involved in cancer biology, and as promising diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets. Recently, role of telomerase in “cancer stem cells” has become another attractive story. Until now, there are several good books on telomere and telomerase focusing on biology in ciliates, yeasts, and mouse or basic sciences in human, providing basic scientists or students with updated knowledge.

Telomeres and Telomerase in Aging, Disease, and Cancer

Telomeres and Telomerase in Aging, Disease, and Cancer PDF

Author: K. Lenhard Rudolph

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-11-07

Total Pages: 332

ISBN-13: 354073709X

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Telomere shortening represents one of the basic aspects of ageing and telomere dysfunction could contribute to the accumulation of DNA damage during ageing. This book summarizes evidence and data indicating that telomere dysfunction influences human ageing, diseases and cancer. The book describes our current knowledge on checkpoints that limit cellular lifespan and survival in response to telomere dysfunction. There is special focus on adult stem cells.

Telomeres and Telomerase

Telomeres and Telomerase PDF

Author: Predrag Slijepcevic

Publisher: S. Karger AG (Switzerland)

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9783805590631

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Telomeres are essential functional elements of eukaryotic chromosomes. Their fundamental biological role as protectors of chromosome stability was identified for the first time in the 1930s by Hermann Muller and Barbara McClintock based on pioneering cytological experiments. Modern molecular research carried out more recently revealed that telomeres and telomerase play important roles in processes such as carcinogenesis and cellular senescence. This special issue presents the most recent developments in this highly active field of research. It is becoming increasingly clear that molecular pathways involved in regulation of telomere length and structure are functionally linked with pathways involved in DNA damage response, cellular stress response, chromatin organization and perhaps even pathways that regulate evolutionary chromosome rearrangements. The above functional link is explored by the leading experts in the field of telomere biology. Cell biologists, molecular biologists, oncologists, gerontologists, and radiobiologists with an interest in the role of telomeres/telomerase will appreciate the up-to-date information in this publication.

The Telomere Effect

The Telomere Effect PDF

Author: Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn

Publisher: Grand Central Publishing

Published: 2017-01-03

Total Pages: 328

ISBN-13: 1455587966

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The New York Times bestselling book coauthored by the Nobel Prize winner who discovered telomerase and telomeres' role in the aging process and the health psychologist who has done original research into how specific lifestyle and psychological habits can protect telomeres, slowing disease and improving life. Have you wondered why some sixty-year-olds look and feel like forty-year-olds and why some forty-year-olds look and feel like sixty-year-olds? While many factors contribute to aging and illness, Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn discovered a biological indicator called telomerase, the enzyme that replenishes telomeres, which protect our genetic heritage. Dr. Blackburn and Dr. Elissa Epel's research shows that the length and health of one's telomeres are a biological underpinning of the long-hypothesized mind-body connection. They and other scientists have found that changes we can make to our daily habits can protect our telomeres and increase our health spans (the number of years we remain healthy, active, and disease-free). The Telemere Effect reveals how Blackburn and Epel's findings, together with research from colleagues around the world, cumulatively show that sleep quality, exercise, aspects of diet, and even certain chemicals profoundly affect our telomeres, and that chronic stress, negative thoughts, strained relationships, and even the wrong neighborhoods can eat away at them. Drawing from this scientific body of knowledge, they share lists of foods and suggest amounts and types of exercise that are healthy for our telomeres, mind tricks you can use to protect yourself from stress, and information about how to protect your children against developing shorter telomeres, from pregnancy through adolescence. And they describe how we can improve our health spans at the community level, with neighborhoods characterized by trust, green spaces, and safe streets. The Telemere Effect will make you reassess how you live your life on a day-to-day basis. It is the first book to explain how we age at a cellular level and how we can make simple changes to keep our chromosomes and cells healthy, allowing us to stay disease-free longer and live more vital and meaningful lives.

Telomere Miracle

Telomere Miracle PDF

Author: Ed Park, MD

Publisher: Hay House, Inc

Published: 2018-01-23

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 1401952585

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What if everything you think you know about getting older and staying healthy is wrong? Ed Park, M.D., offers the revolutionary idea that disease and aging in humans all arises from a single source: genetic errors caused by shortening of telomeres, or the sequences of DNA at the ends of our chromosomes. Telomeres naturally wear down over time, and thus when cells replicate (as they do all the time in our bodies), they’re creating progressively poorer-quality duplicates of themselves, like making a Xerox of a Xerox of a Xerox. Ultimately, the body deteriorates, resulting in a range of ailments, many of which we associate with aging—from diabetes to hypertension to macular degeneration to cancer. Happily, Ed tells us, it’s possible to slow or even reverse this process and effectively turn back the clock. In The Telomere Miracle, he explains cutting-edge science in a lively style, using illustrations and metaphors ranging from auto parts to superheroes. Then he shows readers how they can intervene in the aging process by boosting the activity of the enzyme telomerase naturally by understanding and optimizing six key areas of breathing, mindset, sleep, exercise, diet, and supplements.

Telomeres, Diet and Human Disease

Telomeres, Diet and Human Disease PDF

Author: Amelia Marti

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2017-08-30

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13: 1351648470

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The maintenance of telomeres—repetitive sequences at the end of chromosome—is essential to health. Dysfunction in telomere maintenance pathways plays a role in aging, cancer, atherosclerosis and other diseases. This has led to telomere maintenance as a prime target for patient therapies. This book describes the advances in telomere research as it applies to human health and especially how lifestyle and dietary factors could modify the telomerase maintenance process. The book examines the mechanisms involved, the primary of which are oxidative stress and the role of sirtuins, and how they can be modified by dietary patterns such as Mediterranean diet.

Telomere

Telomere PDF

Author: Marcelo Larramendy

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2016-11-23

Total Pages: 228

ISBN-13: 9535127527

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This book, Telomere - A Complex End of a Chromosome, is organized into nine chapters containing the latest aspects of the current knowledge about the structure of telomeres and the crucial role that telomerase plays not only in maintaining chromosomal stability but also in relation to cell immortality, cell instability, and cancer biology. We now appreciate that these unusual complexes of DNA and proteins we all know as "telomeres" are dynamic and key structures that depend on telomerase and other cellular factors for continuance. Regulation of telomere activity is a dynamic area of current research, and new insights into telomeres and their role in aging and cancer, among other biological functions and pathologies, appear regularly in the scientific world. However, one fact is more than understandable in this difficult biological conundrum: the end of the telomere story is far from being totally unraveled.

Telomere Territory and Cancer

Telomere Territory and Cancer PDF

Author: Parvin Mehdipour

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-08-13

Total Pages: 213

ISBN-13: 9400746326

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Timing, racing, combating, struggling and targeting are some actions through which cellular fate could be reflected and evaluated. Interaction between cell territory and environment occur during pre-embryonic, fetal development, and post-natal periods. What the researchers observe as the outcome of telomeres behavior is only the peak of an ice mountain within a stormy ocean. Cellular life depends on programmed behavior of telomeres, capable to surprise the cells. Telomeres provide an introduction to the history of our cells which govern the quality of life and status of health. Telomeres as the cooperative territory are capable of stabilizing the chromosomal territory. The status of telomeres reflects the key information, announcing the real age of individuals, and may be a valuable marker for prognosis and predicting cancer. Telomere territory is characterized with a multi-disciplinary manner. Therefore, this book is aimed to offer a wide range of chapters, hoping to be useful for diverse audiences, including hematologists-oncologists, radiotherapists, surgeons, cancer researchers, and all the sectors who affect the macro- and micro- environmental domains. Finally, telomeres are sensitive, cooperative, and trustable targets. It is worth to state that ‘telomeres are messengers of NATURE’, let’s to know them as they are.

Telomeres and Telomerase

Telomeres and Telomerase PDF

Author: Marie Eve Brault

Publisher:

Published: 2013

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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"Telomeres and telomerase stand at a junction of cellular processes that govern aging, cancer and disease. Premature aging syndromes and age-related diseases are characterized by short telomeres which compromise cell function and viability, whereas cancer cells are able to reactivate telomerase or alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanisms to maintain their telomeres and become immortal.Telomeres and telomerase represent very attractive targets for the development of anticancer therapies. However, there is concern that these therapies may lead to cell resistance, including the reactivation of telomerase or ALT in telomerase-positive cells. Here we show that telomeric recombination can be promoted by telomere-induced dysfunction, an anticancer strategy currently in development, despite the presence of an active telomerase. Our results highlight an important potential mechanism of cancer cell resistance, but might also help to understand the interplay between telomerase and the ALT pathway in the cell. Defective telomere maintenance is associated with premature or accelerated-aging disease. Mutations in almost every component of the telomerase holoenzyme have been found to be implicated in Dyskeratosis congenita (DC), revealing the importance of a functional telomerase for stem cell maintenance and cell proliferative potential. We found that the telomerase component dyskerin is sumoylated on highly conserved lysines and that lysine-to-arginine dyskerin mutants reproduce the phenotype observed in DC. Our findings identify that impaired post-translational modifications can lead to DC, and importantly point to new possibilities in the treatment of DC.Finally, we investigated the complex relationship between telomere maintenance, frailty and cardiovascular disease. We examined the feasability of measuring telomere length as a predictor of morbidity in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Our preliminary data do not identify telomere length as a predictor of surgery outcomes. Our findings also suggest that telomere length measurement in an epidemiological/clinical context must be interpreted with great caution. " --