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Taliban, Al-Shabaab, and Boko Haram

Author: Rajub Bhowmik

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2019-04

Total Pages: 306

ISBN-13: 9781729654064

A comprehensive analysis is regarding the three deadliest terrorist groups around the world; these terrorist groups are known as Taliban, Al-Shabaab, and Boko-Haram. This book provides an elaborate analysis of how these terrorists' groups organize their attacks, target victims, target locations and their overall involvement in the terror operations. Women and Children are commonly known as one of the vulnerable demographics, and this book focuses on how these terrorist groups always target them. Another deadliest terrorist group, Boko Haram, had created an extreme fear worldwide when they kidnapped a significant number of Nigerian schoolgirls. This book also offers understandings of how Taliban, Al-Shabab and Boko Haram are being funded financially and who are contributing behind the scene as well. Furthermore, technological advances have made terror operations so much easier. These terrorist groups can organize an attack remotely from different parts of the world. There are many advanced weapons which they can use to succeed in their missions. More importantly, social media are the primary tools which can provide them all the updates around the world. Thus, they have been becoming more transparent to create fears and to have more brutal attacks among innocent lives.

Al-shabaab And Boko Haram: Guerrilla Insurgency Or Strategic Terrorism?

Author: John Maszka

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2017-10-27

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13: 1786344009

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Boko Haram is now the deadliest 'terrorist' organization operational in the world, by virtue of the sheer number of people the group have killed. Together with al-Shabaab, the two groups account for a substantial amount of carnage on the African continent. Analyzed here are the ideologies of these two infamous organizations. Utilizing information from breadcrumbs that they leave behind, in videos, media releases and various correspondence, this book searches for clues within the historical and contemporary social context that explain their existence. It explores the ideological roots the two organizations share and examines the goals and objectives of each group in order to calculate the nature of the threat posed in the broader international realm. It is argued that through applying strategic theory, and specifically the concept of strategic terrorism, it is possible to form a deeper understanding of two of the most dangerous militant organizations in operation today.

Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in Africa

Author: H. Solomon

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-05-12

Total Pages: 188

ISBN-13: 1137489898

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Traditional counter-terrorism approaches, with their emphasis on the military, are failing. This is seen in the fact that there is an average of three terrorist attacks per day in Africa. This study calls for more holistic solutions, with an emphasis on development and better governance to curb the scourge of terrorism.

Territoriality of Radical Islamist Groups

Author: Bohumil Doboš

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2021-05-04

Total Pages: 189

ISBN-13: 1000383598

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This book examines the issue of territorial control by violent jihadist groups, using a comparative perspective. The book argues that in many parts of the world the connection between a state and the control over territory is not as close as presented by conventional political maps, and therefore it is necessary to analyse the territoriality of non-state actors as well. Based on a variety of case studies, the work looks at different levels of connection between the violent Islamist groups and territory, dividing them into non-territorial, semi-territorial and territorial groups. While the majority of the cases are located in the Middle East (Islamic State, Al-Qaeda, Al-Qaeda at the Arabian Peninsula, Ha ́yat Tahrir al-Sham, Hamas and Hezbollah), the book also draws cases from Africa (groups in the western Sahel, Al-Shabaab and Boko Haram), South Asia (Taliban), and East Asia (Abu Sayyaf). By providing in-depth understanding of their respective approaches to territory, the book identifies the specifics of each group’s territoriality, while also drawing more general conclusions. This book will be of much interest to students of terrorism and political violence, radical Islam, Middle Eastern studies, and International Relations in general.

The Islamic State in Africa

Author: Jason Warner

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2022-04-01

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 0197650309

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In 2019, Islamic State lost its last remaining sliver of territory in Syria, and its Caliph, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, was killed. These setbacks seemed to herald the Caliphate's death knell, and many now forecast its imminent demise. Yet its affiliates endure, particularly in Africa: nearly all of Islamic State's cells on the continent have reaffirmed their allegiance, attacks have continued in its name, many groups have been reinvigorated, and a new province has emerged. Why, in Africa, did the two major setbacks of 2019 have so little impact on support for Islamic State? The Islamic State in Africa suggests that this puzzle can be explained by the emergence and evolution of Islamic State's provinces in Africa, which it calls 'sovereign subordinates'. By examining the rise and development of eight Islamic State 'cells', the authors show how, having pledged allegiance to IS Central, cells evolved mostly autonomously, using the IS brand as a means for accrual of power, but, in practice, receiving relatively little if any direction or material support from central command. Given this pattern, IS Central's relative decline has had little impact on its African affiliates-who are likely to remain committed to the Caliphate's cause for the foreseeable future.

Horn, Sahel, and Rift

Author: Stig Jarle Hansen

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2019-07-01

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 1787382788

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The 1998 attaThe 1998 attacks against US embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam attest to al-Qaeda's durable presence in Africa, yet Islamist-inspired radical organisations in the continent have gained much attention of late, the result of their campaigns of insurgent and terrorist violence directed against the state in Algeria, Somalia, Nigeria, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Uganda, Djibouti and Kenya. These groups include Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, Harakat Al Shabaab, Boko Haram, the Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa, and Ansar Dine. This book explains why the Idea of Jihad is alive and well in sub-Saharan Africa, even after more than thirty years of Western and global efforts to curtail it, and how most important organisations are formed by the interaction between the often under-estimated local and global dynamics. Stig Jarle Hansen has been researching African radical violent Islamism for more than fifteen years and is well placed to explain how and why such groups emerged, whether they manifest any specific traits compared with other violent Islamists, and what is likely to be their impact beyond the African continent. He also discusses the response of African and Western governments to this phenomenon cks against US embassies in Nairobi and Dar-es-Salaam attest to al-Qaeda's durable presence in Africa, yet Islamist-inspired radical organizations in the continent have gained much attention of late, the result of their campaigns of insurgent and terrorist violence directed against the state in Algeria, Somalia, Nigeria, Mali and Kenya. These groups include Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, Harakat Al Shabaab, Boko Haram, the Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa and Ansar Dine. Evidence has emerged to suggest that beyond shared political objectives they are also collaborating in terms of finance, propaganda, arms transfers and training, while Western governments believe some of them maintain links with Al-Qaeda "central." Stig Jarle Hansen has been researching African radical violent Islamism for more than ten years and is well placed to explain how and why such groups emerged, whether they manifest any specific traits compared with other violent Islamists, and what is likely to be their impact beyond the African continent. He also discusses the response of African and Western governments to this phenomenon.

Al-Shabaab in Somalia

Author: Stig Jarle Hansen

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2013-01-15

Total Pages: 208

ISBN-13: 0199365423

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Since early 2007 a new breed of combatants has appeared on the streets of Mogadishu and other towns in Somalia: the 'Shabaab', or youth, the only self-proclaimed branch of al-Qaeda to have gained acceptance (and praise) from Ayman al-Zawahiri and 'AQ centre' in Afghanistan. Itself an offshoot of the Islamic Courts Union, which split in 2006, Shabaab has imposed Sharia law and is also heavily influenced by local clan structures within Somalia itself. It remains an infamous and widely discussed, yet little-researched and understood, Islamist group. Hansen's remarkable book attempts to go beyond the media headlines and simplistic analyses based on alarmist or localist narratives and, by employing intensive field research conducted within Somalia, as well as on the ground interviews with Shabaab leaders themselves, explores the history of a remarkable organisation, one that has survived predictions of its collapse on several occasions. Hansen portrays al-Shabaab as a hybrid Islamist organization that combines a strong streak of Somali nationalism with the rhetorical obligations of international jihadism, thereby attracting a not insignificant number of foreign fighters to its ranks. Both these strands of Shabaab have been inadvertently boosted by Ethiopian, American and African Union attempts to defeat it militarily, all of which have come to nought.

Held Hostage

Author: U. S. Military

Publisher:

Published: 2017-11-11

Total Pages: 121

ISBN-13: 9781973281184

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This book provides policymakers, practitioners, and academics with data and analysis regarding kidnapping events perpetrated by jihadist groups against Westerners in non-Western countries. It will do so by first examining all non-state actor kidnappings from both a macro- and micro-level to place the phenomenon in context. This general approach then becomes the springboard from which to compare and contrast trends in jihadist kidnappings with those of other non-state actors. Following a brief introduction that outlines the scope, data, and methods used in the study, the first section's macro-level analysis uses data from the Global Terrorism Database (GDT) maintained by the University of Maryland's START Consortium (7,048 incidents between 1970 and 2013). The second section's micro-level analysis of kidnapping events involving Western hostages since 2001 utilizes an original Combating Terrorism Center (CTC) dataset consisting of 1,485 observations that incorporated data from individual academics, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), non-profit and for-profit research think tanks, and private sector insurance companies. There has been a worldwide spike in kidnapping events since 2003. The trend is global and not confined to one specific region. The overwhelming majority of kidnappings are domestic (intra-state); kidnappings of Westerners are rare in comparison to the universe of kidnappings. Kidnapping of Westerners (2001-2015) Overall Trends - Although total non-state actor kidnapping incidents and victims peaked in 2008 due to Somali piracy, the number of incidents and victims have trended upward from 2010 to 2014. Jihadist groups are primarily responsible for these increases. The Middle East, followed by Africa, accounts for the most total kidnappings and the most Sunni jihadist kidnappings, however, most abductions in Africa are conducted by non-jihadist actors. Trends in Nationality of Victims - Six countries (Turkey, United States, Italy, United Kingdom, France, and Germany) account for more than 60% of total, jihadist, and other non-state actor kidnappings. Trends in Sunni jihadist kidnapping rates from 2010-2014 for these countries generally mirror the overall increase in Sunni jihadist abductions, casting some doubt on the ability or desire of Sunni jihadist groups to target by nationality.

AKs Or Spades?

Author: Johan Ras

Publisher:

Published: 2015

Total Pages: 10

ISBN-13:

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Al-Qaeda, Al-Shabaab, Boko Haram and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) are regarded as terror organizations that pose a threat to the peace and stability of their respective geopolitical areas. Their armed struggle and commitment to violence and radical change through deeds of terror definitely hamper any form of sustainable development in their respective regions. Their ideological and idiosyncratic belief systems necessitate that law enforcement agencies worldwide, must not only act in a proactive manner to identify and prevent these members from executing their terror plans, but it also requires that the public, who must benefit from sustainable development, need to assist those responsible for maintaining social order and not be influenced in any manner whatsoever to also join the jihadist struggle to establish a worldwide Islamic Caliphate.

Boko Haram

Author: U. S. Military

Publisher:

Published: 2017-11

Total Pages: 113

ISBN-13: 9781973197270

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This study examines the threat Boko Haram poses to Nigeria and its neighbors in West Africa, and determines the extent to which ensuing regional instability may or may not threaten United States (U.S.) national interests in the region. Among our conclusions, from the examination of U.S.-Nigerian relations over time, is that the United States generally acts in response to the media's ability to incite a public outcry and less in regard to threats to perceived national interests. Boko Haram, initially viewed as a problem internal to Nigeria given its Nigeria-focused agenda, has since developed relations with influential transnational and international terrorist organizations, such as Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State (IS). It is our position that sponsorship from other terror organizations will make Boko Haram more dangerous and capable of threatening regional stability, ergo impacting U.S. security interests. On the basis of whether a terrorist group seeks state-level sovereignty or inclusion into an existing state, we propose several stop-gaps that, if applied effectively, could serve as countermeasures to hinder Boko Haram's ability to move from being a peripheral to an important or even vital threat to United States interests in West Africa. To examine this question in greater detail requires treating Boko Haram as a Sovereignty-Seeking Terror Organization (SSTO) as opposed to an Inclusion-Seeking Terror Organization (ITO). We define SSTOs as organizations that seek ethnic or theological primacy through the acquisition of sovereign territory. Specifically, an SSTO seeks to acquire territory, and in exchange for their support, populations within captured territories can expect the "sanctity of the social contract"37 to be upheld. Conversely, ITOs recognize a degree of ethnic, political or sectarian underrepresentation and seek to utilize a variety of means to gain wider political recognition, or societal inclusion in a pre-existing state. In sum, ITOs seek a degree of inclusion in the established government or state structure while SSTOs seek autonomy or separation, ranging from partial to full independence. Given this dynamic, we suggest that the BH insurgency, and that of IS, represent yet another form of sovereignty-seeking organization, which is not novel in its goals but rather in its approach to achieving autonomy.