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Systematic Observation of Public Police
Systematic Observation of Public Police: Applying Field Research Methods To Policy Issues
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DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The Office of Justice Programs of the U.S. Department of Justice provides access to the full text of the report entitled "Systematic Observation of Public Police: Applying Field Research Methods To Policy Issues," written by Stephen D. Mastrofski, and others. The report discusses systematic social observations, a field research method used to study police.
The Oxford Handbook of Police and Policing
Author: Michael D. Reisig
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2014-03-31
Total Pages: 696
ISBN-13: 0199843899
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The police are perhaps the most visible representation of government. They are charged with what has been characterized as an "impossible" mandate -- control and prevent crime, keep the peace, provide public services -- and do so within the constraints of democratic principles. The police are trusted to use deadly force when it is called for and are allowed access to our homes in cases of emergency. In fact, police departments are one of the few government agencies that can be mobilized by a simple phone call, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. They are ubiquitous within our society, but their actions are often not well understood. The Oxford Handbook of Police and Policing brings together research on the development and operation of policing in the United States and elsewhere. Accomplished policing researchers Michael D. Reisig and Robert J. Kane have assembled a cast of renowned scholars to provide an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the institution of policing. The different sections of the Handbook explore policing contexts, strategies, authority, and issues relating to race and ethnicity. The Handbook also includes reviews of the research methodologies used by policing scholars and considerations of the factors that will ultimately shape the future of policing, thus providing persuasive insights into why and how policing has developed, what it is today, and what to expect in the future. Aimed at a wide audience of scholars and students in criminology and criminal justice, as well as police professionals, the Handbook serves as the definitive resource for information on this important institution.
Systematic Social Observation of the Police in the 21st Century
Author: John McCluskey
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published: 2023-06-26
Total Pages: 120
ISBN-13: 3031314824
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This book on systematic social observation (SSO) methodology provides detailed, step-by-step guidance for researchers on using the method. It identifies varieties of approaches and uses of SSO, the different steps used when performing SSO, and the benefits and challenges associated with using SSO. The chapters discuss different aspects related to SSO, such as: Access to the field or footage Ethics, including informed consent with data collection Use of body-worn camera footage for SSO It is ideal for criminology and police researchers looking for assistance outlining their research frame.
The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology
Author: Gerben Bruinsma
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2018
Total Pages: 969
ISBN-13: 0190279702
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The study of how the environment, local geography, and physical locations influence crime has a long history that stretches across a number of research traditions. These include the neighborhood-effects approach developed by the Chicago school of sociology in the 1920s; modern environmental criminology that explains the geographic distribution of crime; the criminology of place, which focuses on crime rates at specific places over time; and a newer approach that attends to the perception of crime and disorder in communities. Aided by new mobile and digital technologies as well as improved data reporting in recent decades, research in environmental criminology has developed at a rapid pace within each of these approaches. Despite these advances, research in the subfield of environmental criminology remains fragmented, and competing theories are often kept apart. This book takes a different approach and integrates the subfield as a whole. It covers the core theoretical and empirical issues of how and why the environment influences the emergence of crime and how crime can affect the environment. The chapters reflect the diversity in research and theory from all over the Western world. In addition to covering traditional criminological research, the book probes how well current theories of environmental criminology contribute to our understanding of new problems and how well theories travel to other areas, such as West Africa, in which cultural differences might lead to different patterns in offending.
Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 2004-04-06
Total Pages: 431
ISBN-13: 0309084334
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Because police are the most visible face of government power for most citizens, they are expected to deal effectively with crime and disorder and to be impartial. Producing justice through the fair, and restrained use of their authority. The standards by which the public judges police success have become more exacting and challenging. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing explores police work in the new century. It replaces myths with research findings and provides recommendations for updated policy and practices to guide it. The book provides answers to the most basic questions: What do police do? It reviews how police work is organized, explores the expanding responsibilities of police, examines the increasing diversity among police employees, and discusses the complex interactions between officers and citizens. It also addresses such topics as community policing, use of force, racial profiling, and evaluates the success of common police techniques, such as focusing on crime "hot spots." It goes on to look at the issue of legitimacyâ€"how the public gets information about police work, and how police are viewed by different groups, and how police can gain community trust. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing will be important to anyone concerned about police work: policy makers, administrators, educators, police supervisors and officers, journalists, and interested citizens.
Policing
Author: Geoffrey P. Alpert
Publisher: Waveland Press
Published: 2014-10-28
Total Pages: 315
ISBN-13: 1478627255
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The second edition of Policing: Continuity and Change effectively combines theory, research, policy, and practical experience. Strategies for policing in the United States have evolved rapidly in the last four decades. This concise introduction provides the necessary background to understand the challenges of policing, the innovations in the field, and the reforms shaping the profession. Discussions of recruitment, socialization, and organization delineate who the police are, what they do, and how the police culture affects officers. The authors highlight the proactive skills necessary for solving problems and for productive interactions with community members. They emphasize the need for policies and training regarding use of force. This vital, up-to-date overview explores the implications for policing as departments employ new technologies and respond to demands for accountability.
Handbook of Quantitative Criminology
Author: Alex R. Piquero
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2009-12-16
Total Pages: 787
ISBN-13: 0387776508
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Quantitative criminology has certainly come a long way since I was ?rst introduced to a largely qualitative criminology some 40 years ago, when I was recruited to lead a task force on science and technology for the President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice. At that time, criminology was a very limited activity, depending almost exclusively on the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) initiated by the FBI in 1929 for measurement of crime based on victim reports to the police and on police arrests. A ty- cal mode of analysis was simple bivariate correlation. Marvin Wolfgang and colleagues were makingan importantadvancebytrackinglongitudinaldata onarrestsin Philadelphia,an in- vation that was widely appreciated. And the ?eld was very small: I remember attending my ?rst meeting of the American Society of Criminology in about 1968 in an anteroom at New York University; there were about 25–30 people in attendance, mostly sociologists with a few lawyers thrown in. That Society today has over 3,000 members, mostly now drawn from criminology which has established its own clear identity, but augmented by a wide variety of disciplines that include statisticians, economists, demographers, and even a few engineers. This Handbook provides a remarkable testimony to the growth of that ?eld. Following the maxim that “if you can’t measure it, you can’t understand it,” we have seen the early dissatisfaction with the UCR replaced by a wide variety of new approaches to measuring crime victimization and offending.
The Police and Society
Author: Victor E. Kappeler
Publisher: Waveland Press
Published: 2018-09-11
Total Pages: 587
ISBN-13: 1478638176
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The most productive route to understanding the dynamic interrelationships of the police with society is to examine the recurring, central themes in policing. The articles in this anthology represent some of the best scholarship on compelling issues. Selected for both their complementary and competing natures, the articles serve as touchstones for one another—often challenging previous conceptions. Many selections question the methods by which information was acquired, the practices that evolved from that information, and the background assumptions behind the construction of practices. Some of the many issues and conflicts addressed in this collection include: What is the nature of the police role and function? Who benefits from police service? Who is harmed? How are public safety and social order secured while maintaining individual rights and freedoms? To what extent do our expectations about the police and society reflect our values and demands? Are the police a society unto themselves? Is policing at a critical crossroads? The editors assembled this volume with the goal of helping readers to identify underlying assumptions, to dissect how values influence inquiries, and to discover connections. A better understanding of the role of the police in society provides a solid foundation for assessing the efficacy of future police/society relationships.
