-PDF Download- Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation EBOOK

Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

Author: P. Graham

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 206

ISBN-13: 9401110883

During the past three decades there has been a large amount of research on biological nitrogen fixation, in part stimulated by increasing world prices of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and environmental concerns. In the last several years, research on plant--microbe interactions, and symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen fixation has become truly interdisciplinary in nature, stimulated to some degree by the use of modern genetic techniques. These methodologies have allowed us to make detailed analyses of plant and bacterial genes involved in symbiotic processes and to follow the growth and persistence of the root-nodule bacteria and free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soils. Through the efforts of a large number of researchers we now have a better understanding of the ecology of rhizobia, environmental parameters affecting the infection and nodulation process, the nature of specificity, the biochemistry of host plants and microsymbionts, and chemical signalling between symbiotic partners. This volume gives a summary of current research efforts and knowledge in the field of biological nitrogen fixation. Since the research field is diverse in nature, this book presents a collection of papers in the major research area of physiology and metabolism, genetics, evolution, taxonomy, ecology, and international programs.

Biological Nitrogen Fixation

Author: Frans J. de Bruijn

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2015-06-12

Total Pages: 2250

ISBN-13: 1118637097

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

Nitrogen is arguably the most important nutrient required by plants. However, the availability of nitrogen is limited in many soils and although the earth's atmosphere consists of 78.1% nitrogen gas (N2) plants are unable to use this form of nitrogen. To compensate , modern agriculture has been highly reliant on industrial nitrogen fertilizers to achieve maximum crop productivity. However, a great deal of fossil fuel is required for the production and delivery of nitrogen fertilizer. Moreover carbon dioxide (CO2) which is released during fossil fuel combustion contributes to the greenhouse effect and run off of nitrate leads to eutrophication of the waterways. Biological nitrogen fixation is an alternative to nitrogen fertilizer. It is carried out by prokaryotes using an enzyme complex called nitrogenase and results in atmospheric N2 being reduced into a form of nitrogen diazotrophic organisms and plants are able to use (ammonia). It is this process and its major players which will be discussed in this book. Biological Nitrogen Fixation is a comprehensive two volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in nitrogen fixation. Chapters across both volumes emphasize molecular techniques and advanced biochemical analysis approaches applicable to various aspects of biological nitrogen fixation. Volume 1 explores the chemistry and biochemistry of nitrogenases, nif gene regulation, the taxonomy, evolution, and genomics of nitrogen fixing organisms, as well as their physiology and metabolism. Volume 2 covers the symbiotic interaction of nitrogen fixing organisms with their host plants, including nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, plant and microbial "omics", cyanobacteria, diazotrophs and non-legumes, field studies and inoculum preparation, as well as nitrogen fixation and cereals. Covering the full breadth of current nitrogen fixation research and expanding it towards future advances in the field, Biological Nitrogen Fixation will be a one-stop reference for microbial ecologists and environmental microbiologists as well as plant and agricultural researchers working on crop sustainability.

Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation Technology

Author: Gerald H. Elkan

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 1987-05-22

Total Pages: 456

ISBN-13: 9780824777517

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

Collection, isolation and maintenance of Rhizobia and Frankia; Colletion, cultivation and maintenance of azolla; Collection, isolation, cultivation and maintenance of associative N2-fixing bacteria; Fluorescence methods for study of Rhizobium in culture and in situ; Serological techniques for Brabyrhizobium and Rhizobium identification; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection and identification of Rhizobium strains; Use of Intrinsic culture and antibiotic resistance for Rhizobium Study; Isolation and identification of genetically marked strains of nitrogen-fixing microsymbionts of soybens; Measurement of nitrogen fixation by direct means; Measurement of biological fixation using acetylene reduction; Measuring ureides; Evaluation of nitrogen fixation by legumes in the greenhouse and growth chamber; Principles and practice of field designs to evaluate symbiotic nitrogen fixation; Production and quality control of inoculants; Role of culture collectios in biological nitrogen fixation.

The Biochemistry of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

Author: Perry William Wilson

Publisher:

Published: 1940

Total Pages: 374

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

Molecular Biology Of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

Author: Peter M. Gresshoff

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-01-18

Total Pages: 278

ISBN-13: 1351083198

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

The core of the text is aimed at the research worker in the field of nitrogen fixation, but, despite its specialisation, does not lose the emphasis on teaching, both as a direct reference book and as a backbone for a graduate course on the subject.The closing part of the book includes a subject index and a glossary of terms. The latter was included not for the expert, for whom many of the definitions will be too general, but for the newcomer; the author hopes that the quick survey of key terms will help in the reading of this book.

Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Plants

Author: P. S. Nutman

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1976-02-26

Total Pages: 648

ISBN-13: 9780521206457

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

Genetical aspects and taxonomy; Quality of legume inoculants; Field experiments on nitrogen fixation by nodulated legumes; Legume nitrogen fixation and the environment; Nitrogen fixing symbioses in non-leguminous plants.

Current Issues in Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

Author: G.H. Elkan

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 196

ISBN-13: 9401157006

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

In the 100 years since the legume-Rhizobium symbiotic nitrogen fixation interaction was first described, interest in this field has grown rapidly. The types of studies have been cyclical in nature, involving a cross-section of disciplines. The availability of cheap nitrogenous fertilizers caused much of the biological nitrogen fixation research to become more theoretical in the developed world. The high cost of energy, coupled with environmental concerns and the interest in sustainable agriculture, has stimulated research in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The development of modern genetic techniques has resulted in interdisciplinary research on plant-microbe interactions controlling nitrogen fixation. This has resulted in a better understanding of environmental factors influencing the nodulation process, chemical signalling between the symbiotic partners and the nature of the specificity between host plant and microsymbiotant. This volume summarizes the diverse research efforts in biological nitrogen fixation by presenting a collection of papers in the areas of physiology and metabolism, taxonomy and evolution, genetics and ecology.

Nitrogen Fixation in Agriculture, Forestry, Ecology, and the Environment

Author: Dietrich Werner

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2005-10-24

Total Pages: 380

ISBN-13: 9781402035425

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

Sustainability has a major part to play in the global challenge of continued development of regions, countries, and continents all around the World and biological nitrogen fixation has a key role in this process. This volume begins with chapters specifically addressing crops of major global importance, such as soybeans, rice, and sugar cane. It continues with a second important focus, agroforestry, and describes the use and promise of both legume trees with their rhizobial symbionts and other nitrogen-fixing trees with their actinorhizal colonization. An over-arching theme of all chapters is the interaction of the plants and trees with microbes and this theme allows other aspects of soil microbiology, such as interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the impact of soil-stress factors on biological nitrogen fixation, to be addressed. Furthermore, a link to basic science occurs through the inclusion of chapters describing the biogeochemically important nitrogen cycle and its key relationships among nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification. The volume then provides an up-to-date view of the production of microbial inocula, especially those for legume crops.

Technical Handbook on Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.

Published: 1993

Total Pages: 202

ISBN-13: 9789251031995

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

General information on the symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Isolation, identification and counting of rhizobia. Production of an inoculant and inoculation of legumes. Experiments.

Genetic Engineering of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation and Conservation of Fixed Nitrogen

Author: J. M. Lyons

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 681

ISBN-13: 1468439537

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

The present volume developed from a symposium entitled "Enhancing Biological Production of Ammonia From Atmospheric Nitrogen and Soil Nitrate" that was held at Lake Tahoe, California in June, 1980. The meeting was supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and by the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis. A total of 99 scientists from 41 insti tutions participated. Plants capture solar energy in photosynthesis and use mineral nutrients to produce human food and fiber products. The extent to which such materials are removed from agricultural production sites represents a permanent drain of mineral nutrients. Some plants of agronomic importance such as alfalfa, soybean, and clover associate with soil bacteria and use photosynthetic energy to reduce N2 to NH3. Many other free-living bacteria and some symbioses involving procaryotes and eucaryotes also reduce N2. Such processes repre sent one natural mechanism by which Man can augment soil N for agronomic purposes without using fossil fuel to synthesize and distribute N fertilizer. Other metabolic conversions in the N cycle and physical leaching processes remove N made available through N2 fixation. Thus nitrification, denitrification, and utilization of soil N by plants are processes that must be con sidered if one is to conserve N captured by N2 fixation. The meeting at Lake Tahoe united scientists from many disci plines to review the literature and to discuss current research directed toward the goal stated in the symposium title.