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Surinaams contrast

Author: A.A. van Stipriaan

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2015-03-20

Total Pages: 510

ISBN-13: 9004259791

Plantages en slaven vormden meer dan twee eeuwen de kern van de Surinaamse maatschappij. Surinaams contrast biedt op basis van een bijna tienjarig onderzoek van Nederlands, Surinaams en Engels archiefmateriaal over enkele honderden plantages de meest uitvoerige en diepgaande studie over deze tweeëenheid. De studie schetst een levendig en gedetailleerd beeld van de Surinaamse samenleving in de achttiende en negentiende eeuw. Aangetoond wordt dat er meerdere plantagesectoren waren—koffie, suiker en katoen—die structureel van elkaar verschilden en ieder een geheel eigen geschiedenis hebben gekend. Ook wordt uitvoerig stilgestaan bij de strijd tegen het water die het leven op de meeste Surinaamse plantages verzwaarde. Voor het grootste deel van de Surinaamse bevolking was de plantage behalve werk- ook woonplaats. Daarom wordt niet alleen de arbeid, maar ook de leefwereld van de plantagebewoners beschreven. Dat daarbij de meeste aandacht uitgaat naar de levenswijze en bestaansstrijd van de slaven ligt voor de hand: zij vormden nu eenmaal de overgrote meerderheid van de bevolking en waren van generatie op generatie gebonden aan de plantages. Surinaams contrast toont voorts aan dat de Surinaamse samenleving voortdurend in beweging was en veranderde. Roofbouw en overleven kenmerkten, in wankel evenwicht, de Surinaamse plantagemaatschappij. In hoeverre Suriname in dit en in andere opzichten afweek van het algemene Caraïbische patroon wordt duidelijk uit de vele vergelijkingen die worden gemaakt met andere plantagekoloniën in de regio.

Realm Between Empires

Author: Wim Klooster

Publisher: Cornell University Press

Published: 2018-05-15

Total Pages: 348

ISBN-13: 1501719599

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"The Dutch Atlantic during an era (following the imperial moment of the seventeenth century) in which Dutch military power declined and Dutch colonies began to chart a more autonomous path. A revisionist history of the eighteenth-century Atlantic world, a counterpoint to the more widely known British and French Atlantic histories"--

Twentieth-Century Suriname

Author: Rosemarijn Höfte

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2022-07-04

Total Pages: 383

ISBN-13: 9004475346

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Suriname is a fascinating yet also little known Caribbean country. Fascinating because a unique variety of lifestyles and group identities has characterized this country from its early beginnings as a European plantation colony, but even more so since the influx of contract laborers from British India and Java in the nineteenth century. Little known because even when attention was focused on the country, particularly following a military coup d'état in 1980, this awareness has contributed little to a better understanding of the country's complex developments. In fact, the media have not unveiled but rather covered the essentials of the evolving Suriname society. Combining a broad thematic approach with a focus on long-term developments in Suriname, 20th Century Suriname consists of fourteen chapters that discuss the main trends with respect to major areas of research. Topics such as Surinamese politics and economics, as well as its social, religious, and cultural aspects are covered by the best contemporary specialists on Suriname in the United States, the Netherlands, and Suriname. This volume provides an accessible introduction to Suriname for a general audience, including graduate and undergraduate students, and an authoritative 'state of the art review' for Suriname specialists.

The Jews and the Expansion of Europe to the West, 1450-1800

Author: Paolo Bernardini

Publisher: Berghahn Books

Published: 2001-03-01

Total Pages: 592

ISBN-13: 1782389768

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Jews and Judaism played a significant role in the history of the expansion of Europe to the west as well as in the history of the economic, social, and religious development of the New World. They played an important role in the discovery, colonization, and eventually exploitation of the resources of the New World. Alone among the European peoples who came to the Americas in the colonial period, Jews were dispersed throughout the hemisphere; indeed, they were the only cohesive European ethnic or religious group that lived under both Catholic and Protestant regimes, which makes their study particularly fruitful from a comparative perspective. As distinguished from other religious or ethnic minorities, the Jewish struggle was not only against an overpowering and fierce nature but also against the political regimes that ruled over the various colonies of the Americas and often looked unfavorably upon the establishment and tleration of Jewish communities in their own territory. Jews managed to survive and occasionally to flourish against all odds, and their history in the Americas is one of the more fascinating chapters in the early modern history of European expansion.

The Caribbean and the Atlantic World Economy

Author: Adrian Leonard

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-01-12

Total Pages: 319

ISBN-13: 1137432721

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This collection of essays explores the inter-imperial connections between British, Spanish, Dutch, and French Caribbean colonies, and the 'Old World' countries which founded them. Grounded in primary archival research, the thirteen contributors focus on the ways that participants in the Atlantic World economy transcended imperial boundaries.

The Atlantic Economy during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

Author: Peter A. Coclanis

Publisher: Univ of South Carolina Press

Published: 2020-05-21

Total Pages: 400

ISBN-13: 1643361058

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The Atlantic Economy during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries is a collection of essays focusing on the expansion, elaboration, and increasing integration of the economy of the Atlantic basin—comprising parts of Europe, West Africa, and the Americas—during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In thirteen essays, the contributors examine the complex and variegated processes by which markets were created in the Atlantic basin and how they became integrated. While a number of the contributors focus on the economic history of a specific European imperial system, others, mirroring the realities of the world they are writing about, transcend imperial boundaries and investigate topics shared throughout the region. In the latter case, the contributors focus either on processes occurring along the margins or interstices of empires, or on "breaches" in the colonial systems established by various European powers. Taken together, the essays shed much-needed light on the organization and operation of both the European imperial orders of the early modern era and the increasingly integrated economy of the Atlantic basin challenging these orders over the course of the same period.

Two Troubled Souls

Author: Aaron Spencer Fogleman

Publisher: UNC Press Books

Published: 2013-12-09

Total Pages: 336

ISBN-13: 1469608804

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Jean-Francois Reynier, a French Swiss Huguenot, and his wife, Maria Barbara Knoll, a Lutheran from the German territories, crossed the Atlantic several times and lived among Protestants, Jews, African slaves, and Native Americans from Suriname to New York and many places in between. While they preached to and doctored many Atlantic peoples in religious missions, revivals, and communal experiments, they encountered scandals, bouts of madness, and other turmoil, including within their own marriage. Aaron Spencer Fogleman's riveting narrative offers a lens through which to better understand how individuals engaged with the eighteenth-century Atlantic world and how men and women experienced many of its important aspects differently. Reynier's and Knoll's lives illuminate an underside of empire where religious radicals fought against church authority and each other to find and spread the truth; where Atlantic peoples had spiritual, medical, and linguistic encounters that authorities could not always understand or control; and where wives disobeyed husbands to seek their own truth and opportunity.

Borderless Empire

Author: Bram Hoonhout

Publisher: University of Georgia Press

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 294

ISBN-13: 0820356085

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Introduction: borderless societies -- The borderland -- Political conflicts -- Rebels and runaways -- The centrality of smuggling -- The web of debt -- Borderless businessmen -- Conclusion: the shape of empire.

Revolutionary Jews from Spinoza to Marx

Author: Jonathan I. Israel

Publisher: University of Washington Press

Published: 2021-06-06

Total Pages: 561

ISBN-13: 0295748672

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In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries a small but conspicuous fringe of the Jewish population became the world’s most resolute, intellectually driven, and philosophical revolutionaries, among them the pre-Marxist Karl Marx. Yet the roots of their alienation from existing society and determination to change it extend back to the very heart of the Enlightenment, when Spinoza and other philosophers living in a rigid, hierarchical society colored by a deeply hostile theology first developed a modern revolutionary consciousness. Leading intellectual historian Jonathan Israel shows how the radical ideas in the early Marx’s writings were influenced by this legacy, which, he argues, must be understood as part of the Radical Enlightenment. He traces the rise of a Jewish revolutionary tendency demanding social equality and universal human rights throughout the Western world. Israel considers how these writers understood Jewish marginalization and ghettoization and the edifice of superstition, prejudice, and ignorance that sustained them. He investigates how the quest for Jewish emancipation led these thinkers to formulate sweeping theories of social and legal reform that paved the way for revolutionary actions that helped change the world from 1789 onward—but hardly as they intended.

Jewish Autonomy in a Slave Society

Author: Aviva Ben-Ur

Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press

Published: 2020-06-05

Total Pages: 365

ISBN-13: 0812297040

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A fascinating portrait of Jewish life in Suriname from the 17th to 19th centuries Jewish Autonomy in a Slave Society explores the political and social history of the Jews of Suriname, a Dutch colony on the South American mainland just north of Brazil. Suriname was home to the most privileged Jewish community in the Americas where Jews, most of Iberian origin, enjoyed religious liberty, were judged by their own tribunal, could enter any trade, owned plantations and slaves, and even had a say in colonial governance. Aviva Ben-Ur sets the story of Suriname's Jews in the larger context of Atlantic slavery and colonialism and argues that, like other frontier settlements, they achieved and maintained their autonomy through continual negotiation with the colonial government. Drawing on sources in Dutch, English, French, Hebrew, Portuguese, and Spanish, Ben-Ur shows how, from their first permanent settlement in the 1660s to the abolition of their communal autonomy in 1825, Suriname Jews enjoyed virtually the same standing as the ruling white Protestants, with whom they interacted regularly. She also examines the nature of Jewish interactions with enslaved and free people of African descent in the colony. Jews admitted both groups into their community, and Ben-Ur illuminates the ways in which these converts and their descendants experienced Jewishness and autonomy. Lastly, she compares the Jewish settlement with other frontier communities in Suriname, most notably those of Indians and Maroons, to measure the success of their negotiations with the government for communal autonomy. The Jewish experience in Suriname was marked by unparalleled autonomy that nevertheless developed in one of the largest slave colonies in the New World.