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Superfund and Mining Megasites

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2006-01-29

Total Pages: 505

ISBN-13: 0309097142

For more than 100 years, the Coeur d' Alene River Basin has been known as "The Silver Valley" for being one of the most productive silver, lead, and zinc mining areas in the United States. Over time, high levels of metals (including lead, arsenic, cadmium, and zinc) were discovered in the local environment and elevated blood lead levels were found in children in communities near the metal-refining and smelter complex. In 1983, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) listed a 21-square mile mining area in northern Idaho as a Superfund site. EPA extended those boundaries in 1998 to include areas throughout the 1500-square mile area Coeur d'Alene River Basin project area. Under Superfund, EPA has developed a plan to clean up the contaminated area that will cost an estimated $359 million over 3 decades-and this effort is only the first step in the cleanup process. Superfund and Mining Megasites: Lessons from Coeur d'Alene River Basin evaluates the issues and concerns that have been raised regarding EPA's decisions about cleaning up the area. The scientific and technical practices used by EPA to make decisions about human health risks at the Coeur d'Alene River Basin Superfund site are generally sound; however, there are substantial concerns regarding environmental protection decisions, particularly dealing with the effectiveness of long-term plans.

To Promote Remediation of Inactive and Abandoned Mines, and for Other Purposes

Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works

Publisher:

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 36

ISBN-13:

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Superfund's Future

Author: Katherine Probst

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2010-09-30

Total Pages: 330

ISBN-13: 1136523820

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First Published in 2001. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Nature at War

Author: Thomas Robertson

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2020-04-02

Total Pages: 399

ISBN-13: 1108419763

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"World War II was the largest and most destructive conflict in human history. It was an existential struggle that pitted irreconcilable political systems and ideologies against one another across the globe in a decade of violence unlike any other. There is little doubt today that the United States had to engage in the fighting, especially after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The conflict was, in the words of historians Allan Millett and Williamson Murray, "a war to be won." As the world's largest industrial power, the United States put forth a supreme effort to produce the weapons, munitions, and military formations essential to achieving victory. When the war finally ended, the finale signaled by atomic mushroom clouds over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, upwards of 60 million people had perished in the inferno. Of course, the human toll represented only part of the devastation; global environments also suffered greatly. The growth and devastation of the Second World War significantly changed American landscapes as well. The war created or significantly expanded a number of industries, put land to new uses, spurred urbanization, and left a legacy of pollution that would in time create a new term: Superfund site"--

Processes, Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments

Author: Danny D. Reible

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-07-20

Total Pages: 496

ISBN-13: 1461467268

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The purpose of this book is to help engineers and scientists better understand contaminated sediment sites and identify and design remedial approaches that are more efficient and effective. Contaminated sediment management is a difficult and costly exercise that is rarely addressed with easily identified and implemented remedies. It is hoped that this book can help identify and implement management approaches that provide an optimal, if not entirely satisfactory, solution to sediment contaminant problems.

Acid Mine Drainage, Rock Drainage, and Acid Sulfate Soils

Author: James A. Jacobs

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2014-04-10

Total Pages: 502

ISBN-13: 1118749243

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Provides the tools needed to analyze and solve acid drainage problems Featuring contributions from leading experts in science and engineering, this book explores the complex biogeochemistry of acid mine drainage, rock drainage, and acid sulfate soils. It describes how to predict, prevent, and remediate the environmental impact of acid drainage and the oxidation of sulfides, offering the latest sampling and analytical methods. Moreover, readers will discover new approaches for recovering valuable resources from acid mine drainage, including bioleaching. Acid Mine Drainage, Rock Drainage, and Acid Sulfate Soils reviews the most current findings in the field, offering new insights into the underlying causes as well as new tools to minimize the harm of acid drainage: Part I: Causes of Acid Mine Drainage, Rock Drainage and Sulfate Soils focuses on the biogeochemistry of acid drainage in different environments. Part II: Assessment of Acid Mine Drainage, Rock Drainage and Sulfate Soils covers stream characterization, aquatic and biological sampling, evaluation of aquatic resources, and some unusual aspects of sulfide oxidation. Part III: Prediction and Prevention of Acid Drainage discusses acid-base accounting, kinetic testing, block modeling, petrology, and mineralogy studies. It also explains relevant policy and regulations. Part IV: Remediation of Acid Drainage, Rock Drainage and Sulfate Soils examines both passive and active cleanup methods to remediate acid drainage. Case studies from a variety of geologic settings highlight various approaches to analyzing and solving acid drainage problems. Replete with helpful appendices and an extensive list of web resources, Acid Mine Drainage, Rock Drainage, and Acid Sulfate Soils is recommended for mining engineers and scientists, regulatory officials, environmental scientists, land developers, and students.

Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine Contaminants

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2009-10-21

Total Pages: 190

ISBN-13: 0309143799

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U.S. Navy personnel who work on submarines are in an enclosed and isolated environment for days or weeks at a time when at sea. Unlike a typical work environment, they are potentially exposed to air contaminants 24 hours a day. To protect workers from potential adverse health effects due to those conditions, the U.S. Navy has established exposure guidance levels for a number of contaminants. The Navy asked a subcommittee of the National Research Council (NRC) to review, and develop when necessary, exposure guidance levels for specific contaminants. This volume, the third in a series, recommends 1-hour and 24-hour emergency exposure guidance levels (EEGLs) and 90-day continuous exposure guidance levels (CEGLs) for acetaldehyde, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen sulfide, and propylene glycol dinitrate.

Combined Exposures to Hydrogen Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide in Army Operations

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2008-02-28

Total Pages: 42

ISBN-13: 0309113660

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In response to a request from the U.S. Army, a committee convened by the National Research Council (NRC) conducted the first in a sequence of studies evaluating the combined health effects of low-level exposure to two chemicals Army personnel are likely to be exposed to in firing tank weapons. The Army sought information on whether the two chemicals, hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide, result in similar health impacts and should be assessed together when establishing exposure limits. Based on a review of the scientific literature, the report finds that the biochemical health impacts of the chemicals are similar and that the Army's proposed approach to setting exposure limits is appropriate. Because previous research has focused on high exposures, this initial NRC report recommends that futher neurological studies at low concentrations of exposure to the chemicals be conducted.

Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines for Selected Contaminants

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2008-11-21

Total Pages: 206

ISBN-13: 0309177952

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NASA maintains an active interest in the environmental conditions associated with living and working in spacecraft and identifying hazards that might adversely affect the health and well-being of crew members. Despite major engineering advances in controlling the spacecraft environment, some water and air contamination is inevitable. Several hundred chemical species are likely to be found in the closed environment of the spacecraft, and as the frequency, complexity, and duration of human space flight increase, identifying and understanding significant health hazards will become more complicated and more critical for the success of the missions. To protect space crews from contaminants in potable and hygiene water, NASA requested that the National Research Council NRC provide guidance on how to develop water exposure guidelines and subsequently review NASA's development of the exposure guidelines for specific chemicals. This book presents spacecraft water exposure guidelines (SWEGs) for antimony, benzene, ethylene glycol, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone, and propylene glycol.

Nineteenth Interim Report of the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels: Part A

Author: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 328

ISBN-13: 0309187044

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The present report is the committee's 19th interim report. It summarizes the committee's conclusions and recommendations for improving NAC's AEGL documents for the following chemicals and chemical classes: acrylonitrile, benzonitrile, boron tribromide, BZ (3-quinuclidinyl benzilate), chloroarsenicals, chloroformates, bis-chloromethylether, chloromethylether, chlorosilanes (26 selected compounds), cyanogen, ethyl mercaptan, hexafluoroacetone, lewisites, mercury vapor, nitric acid, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen tetroxide, oleum, phenyl mercaptan, propargyl alcohol, selenium hexafluoride, silane, sulfer trioxide, sulfuric acid, tear gas, tert-octyl mercaptan, tetramethoxy silane, thionyl chloride, trimethoxysilane, trimethylbenzenes (1,2,4-; 1,2,5-;and 1,3,5-TMB), and vinyl chloride.