Submerged Reflectance

Submerged Reflectance PDF

Author: T. J. Petzold

Publisher:

Published: 1976

Total Pages: 84

ISBN-13:

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Techniques for the determination of the submerged reflectance of painted surfaces are described. Absolute reflectance values were obtained of sample surfaces immersed in a large tank. The values were then transferred to laboratory instruments as calibration standards. The several measurement procedures and equipments are described. The technique for determining submerged reflectance from the measurement of a wetted surface is presented and experimental validation given.

Submerged Reflectance

Submerged Reflectance PDF

Author: T. J. Petzold

Publisher:

Published: 1976

Total Pages: 84

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

Techniques for the determination of the submerged reflectance of painted surfaces are described. Absolute reflectance values were obtained of sample surfaces immersed in a large tank. The values were then transferred to laboratory instruments as calibration standards. The several measurement procedures and equipments are described. The technique for determining submerged reflectance from the measurement of a wetted surface is presented and experimental validation given.

Novel Advances in Aquatic Vegetation Monitoring in Ocean, Lakes and Rivers

Novel Advances in Aquatic Vegetation Monitoring in Ocean, Lakes and Rivers PDF

Author: Monica Rivas Casado

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2019-08-22

Total Pages: 132

ISBN-13: 3039212052

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In recent decades, there has been an increase in the development of strategies for water ecosystem mapping and monitoring. Overall, this is primarily due to legislative efforts to improve the quality of water bodies and oceans. Remote sensing has played a key role in the development of such approaches—from the use of drones for vegetation mapping to autonomous vessels for water quality monitoring. Within the specific context of vegetation characterization, the wide range of available observations—from satellite imagery to high-resolution drone aerial imagery—has enabled the development of monitoring and mapping strategies at multiple scales (e.g., micro- and mesoscales). This Special Issue, entitled “Novel Advances in Aquatic Vegetation Monitoring in Ocean, Lakes and Rivers”, collates recent advances in remote sensing-based methods applied to ocean, river, and lake vegetation characterization, including seaweed, kelp, submerged and emergent vegetation, and floating-leaf and free-floating plants. A total of six manuscripts have been compiled in this Special Issue, ranging from area mapping substrates in riverine environments to the identification of macroalgae in marine environments. The work presented leverages current state-of-the-art methods for aquatic vegetation monitoring and will spark further research within this field.

The Optics of Life

The Optics of Life PDF

Author: Sönke Johnsen

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 356

ISBN-13: 0691139911

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Optics--a field of physics focusing on the study of light--is also central to many areas of biology, including vision, ecology, botany, animal behavior, neurobiology, and molecular biology. The Optics of Life introduces the fundamentals of optics to biologists and nonphysicists, giving them the tools they need to successfully incorporate optical measurements and principles into their research. Sönke Johnsen starts with the basics, describing the properties of light and the units and geometry of measurement. He then explores how light is created and propagates and how it interacts with matter, covering topics such as absorption, scattering, fluorescence, and polarization. Johnsen also provides a tutorial on how to measure light as well as an informative discussion of quantum mechanics. The Optics of Life features a host of examples drawn from nature and everyday life, and several appendixes that offer further practical guidance for researchers. This concise book uses a minimum of equations and jargon, explaining the basic physics of light in a succinct and lively manner. It is the essential primer for working biologists and for anyone seeking an accessible introduction to optics.

Earth Observation of Ecosystem Services

Earth Observation of Ecosystem Services PDF

Author: Domingo Alcaraz-Segura

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2013-11-12

Total Pages: 506

ISBN-13: 1466505893

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A balanced review of differing approaches based on remote sensing tools and methods to assess and monitor biodiversity, carbon and water cycles, and the energy balance of terrestrial ecosystem. Earth Observation of Ecosystem Services highlights the advantages Earth observation technologies offer for quantifying and monitoring multiple ecosystem fun