Host Specialization in the World Agromyzidae (Diptera)

Host Specialization in the World Agromyzidae (Diptera) PDF

Author: K.A. Spencer

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 454

ISBN-13: 9400918747

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Phytophagous insects represent a very particular not really belong to their host plant range. This may group of organisms. Firstly, their number amounts lead to mistaken conclusions especially in regions to more than one quarter of all recent species (ex where only few observations were possible, as well cluding fungi, algae and microbes) and together with as in the case of uncommon insect species. Fourthly, the green plants on which they feed they form al the great majority (99. 4%) of the agromyzid species most one half of all living species described so far. studied show a high degree of host specialization Secondly, their overwhelming majority shows very which makes these insects especially suitable for narrow host plant specialization, that is they feed taxonomic-phylogenetic considerations. only on one or a few, mostly closely related plant With such an enormous amount of data, it may species, a characteristic that led J. H. Fabre to elab have been tempting to draw far-reaching conclu orate the notion of the 'insects' botanical instinct' a sions. However, the author has been very careful in century ago. doing this.

Planning for Tourism, Leisure and Sustainability

Planning for Tourism, Leisure and Sustainability PDF

Author: Anthony S. Travis

Publisher: CABI

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 356

ISBN-13: 1845937422

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Providing a wide range of case studies in sustainable tourism planning, this authoritative work presents cases at both international and national levels as well as on a regional, sub-regional, urban, local and site scale. Drawing on the author's world-wide experience and with contributions from professionals in the field, this book takes a comparative approach relating to different economic, political and temporal dimensions, examining established initiatives both in the context of the standards of the time and from a modern perspective looking back. With an emphasis on sustainability, this unique collection is an essential resource for tourism planners, researchers and students.

Forest-related disasters – Three case studies and lessons for management of extreme events

Forest-related disasters – Three case studies and lessons for management of extreme events PDF

Author: van Hensbergen, H. and Cedergren, J.

Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.

Published: 2021-01-06

Total Pages: 114

ISBN-13: 9251331855

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Forests are “victims” of disaster when unable to provide services required by society and cannot recover within a relevant timeframe. Trees damaged may host insect pests that may kill healthy trees or become fuel for forest fires. Fallen trees also damage infrastructure.Extreme events can change the cultural and economic life of small states/islands and/or cause the breakdown of societal services.Disasters affect timber supplies, distorting market functioning. Damaged timber is susceptible to attack from insects and fungi, quickly losing value, and insect attacks may spread to healthy trees.Forests can mitigate disasters by e.g. reducing the intensity of tsunamis or stabilizing slopes. Single trees may become important refuges for people during floods.Key messages include:• Responses require planning and training to enable efficient response also in the absence of key personnel.• Information about the location of critical resources is important, e.g. key staff, forestry equipment, access routes, and timber storage sites.• It is impossible for many small countries to be resilient on their own. Development of regional response capacity is desirable, e.g. pools of qualified operators, equipment resources, and training.• Salvage timber is a resource and an economic asset. Planning on the use of forest resources after disasters is rarely undertaken, and policies or regulations covering this type of use are often missing.• Salvaging timber is dangerous and requires training.

Winter Tourism

Winter Tourism PDF

Author: Ulrike Pröbstl-Haider

Publisher: CABI

Published: 2019-10-03

Total Pages: 548

ISBN-13: 1786395207

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Winter tourism has seen increased levels of investment in recent times, in an effort to reduce economic risk, address environmental concerns and adapt to the effects of global warming. New ski destinations are developing and merging with traditional ones to increase spatial distribution, while many established leading resorts are adapting their management models. Climate change adaptation processes are supported by the reduction of CO2 emissions and energy consumption in ski resorts. Current planning challenges include the increasing importance of scenic beauty, nature and sustainable development, as well as snow reliability, snow management and safety issues.

Acidification Research: Evaluation and Policy Applications

Acidification Research: Evaluation and Policy Applications PDF

Author: T. Schneider

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 1992-04-24

Total Pages: 582

ISBN-13: 9780080875095

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A large number of nationwide research programmes in the field of acidification have been carried out in the last decade. Especially in Western Europe, extensive programmes have resulted in a good overview of all the effects - mostly negative - caused by acidifying substances. There is now consensus that types of acidification damage relate to the unique geography of an area: air pollution affects vegetation; acid aerosol the ozone layer. New in this volume, is the relation between scientific results of integrated research programmes and policy actions to prevent, reduce and limit the widespread damage caused by acidification. The results of many different national research programmes are evaluated and compared to present a unique compilation for the research scientist and policy maker. In this volume thematic reviews on specific topics of acidification research are presented, followed by overviews of acidification policy plans and actual abatement plans. The result is the best review of acidification research carried out worldwide during the last decade and presentation of the critical relation between research results and policy actions.

The Environment Encyclopedia and Directory 2001

The Environment Encyclopedia and Directory 2001 PDF

Author: Europa Publications

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 644

ISBN-13: 9781857430899

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Charts the emerging world awareness of environmental issues. Provides an A-Z glossary of key terms, a comprehensive directory, an extensive bibliography, detailed maps and a Who's Who.

Bioclimatology and Natural Hazards

Bioclimatology and Natural Hazards PDF

Author: Katarína Strelcová

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-11-30

Total Pages: 299

ISBN-13: 1402088760

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Anthropogenic influences to the earth's system, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, cryosphere and lithosphere, represent a serious challenge to our planet's ecosystems and natural environments. Bioclimatology, hydrology, bio-hydrology and eco-physiology are important scientific research areas with wide application to environmental protection, forestry, agriculture and water management, and protection against natural hazards including droughts, floods, windstorms, weather extremes, and wild fires. Bioclimatology helps to better understand the causes and impacts of natural hazards and how to prevent them. Improved knowledge of natural hazards is a vital prerequisite for the implementation of integrated resource management. It provides a useful framework for combating current climate variability and for adapting to ongoing climate change. This book presents research on the interactions between meteorological, climatological, hydrological and biological processes in the atmospheric and terrestrial environment. It highlights a spectrum of topics associated with climate change and weather extremes and their impact on different economic sectors. The contributing authors come from renowned scientific research institutions and universities and specialise in issues of climate change, soil-plant-atmosphere interactions, hydrologic cycle, ecosystems, biosphere, and natural hazards.