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Studies of the Protective Qualities of Clothing Against Thermal Radiation
Thermal Protective Clothing for Firefighters
Author: Guowen Song
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Published: 2016-08-27
Total Pages: 244
ISBN-13: 0081012861
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Thermal Protective Clothing for Firefighters explores the materials, design, and usage of thermal protective clothing. The characteristics of fire hazards are discussed in detail, and the thermal environments faced by firefighters in these fire hazards are also examined. The different types of potential burn injuries and the heat stress that occurs to firefighters’ bodies when exposed to such thermal environments are analyzed. Furthermore, the development of various high performance fibers and fabrics for thermal protective clothing is discussed. The test methods and existing standards to evaluate the thermal protective and physiological comfort performances of the fabrics and clothing are critically reviewed. Recent developments in the field of fire- and heat-resistant materials have led to significant improvements in thermal protective clothing. In parallel with this, the complexity and risk levels of fires, especially in industrial-storage facilities, and developments in health and safety cultures have increased the demand for high-performance heat- and flame-resistant clothing and equipment, designed to mitigate skin burn injuries and reduce risk of death from fire hazards. Throughout the work, the gaps and limitations in existing test methods and standards are identified, and approaches are recommended for the development of enhanced test methods. Scenario modeling and its implications for firefighters’ protective clothing is discussed, and various factors affecting performance are established. Finally, various key issues related to thermal protective clothing are addressed to guide the future research in the field of thermal protective clothing for firefighters. This book will help materials-textile engineers to develop high performance thermal protective clothing that can enhance the protection, safety, and comfort of firefighters. Offers a helpful guide to the successful specification and design of high performance protective clothing to meet the high standards of today's regulatory framework Introduces the new materials technical innovations that are transforming fire protective clothing Explores the role of clothing from the operational perspective, including technical innovations Offers a critical review of the test methods and existing standards to evaluate the thermal protective and physiological comfort performances of the fabrics and clothing
Standard Methods for Thermal Comfort Assessment of Clothing
Author: Ivana Špelić
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2019-06-20
Total Pages: 228
ISBN-13: 042975065X
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Providing detailed analysis of the thermal comfort assessment of clothing as the basis for developing standards, this book discusses the thermal protective role of clothing as a way of modelling heat transfer from the body, general thermal regulation of humans, and the importance of globally accepted test methods and standards to improve quality. New materials and discoveries in the study of thermal comfort necessitate the need for standard improvements and update. The development of international standards and the unification of testing methods is of crucial significance to ensure cost reduction and health protection. The book promotes instruments, methods, implementation of unified specifications, and the definition of standards so that a clear quality management system can be established, for both production systems and testing methods. It discusses standards in ergonomics of the thermal environment, clothing thermal characteristics, and subjective assessment of thermal comfort, which allows for systematic control of the measuring methods and the services and final products that are distributed on the global market. This book is aimed at industry professionals, researchers, and advanced students working in textile and clothing engineering, comfort testing, and ergonomics.
Protective Clothing
Author: F. Wang
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2014-08-04
Total Pages: 503
ISBN-13: 1782420401
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Protective clothing protects wearers from hostile environments, including extremes of heat and cold. Whilst some types of protective clothing may be designed primarily for non-thermal hazards (e.g. biological hazards), a key challenge in all protective clothing remains wearer comfort and the management of thermal stress (i.e. excessive heat or cold). This book reviews key types of protective clothing, technologies for heating and cooling and, finally, modeling aspects of thermal stress and strain. Explores different types of protective clothing, their uses and their requirements, with an emphasis on full-scale or prototype clothing, including immersion suits, body armour and space suits Considers novel and commercial technologies for regulating temperature in protective clothing, including phase change materials, shape memory alloys, electrically heated clothing and air and water perfusion-based cooling systems Reviews the human thermoregulatory system and the methods of modelling of thermal stress in protective clothing through various conditions, including cold water survival and firefighting
Performance Characteristics of Clothing Materials to Thermal Radiation
Author: David Feldman
Publisher:
Published: 1955
Total Pages: 88
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Tests were conducted in which various fabric systems as used in U.S. Army clothing were exposed to the effects of atomic weapons. Samples were exposed to energies ranging from approximately 9 cal/sq cm to 75 cal/sq cm. Three of the fabric assemblies, each with and without a fire resistant treatment, corresponded to the same fabric systems on the animals used in Project 8.5. Fire resistant treatment did not enhance the resistance of the fabric to thermal transfer when the assemblies were in contact with the backing but was definitely superior to the untreated assembly when the combination was spaced away from the backing. In addition, other clothing fabrics, assemblies, and parameters were studied. The cold-dry and cold-wet assemblies offered the best protection against thermal transfer of any combination tested. In a comparative test of three underwear fabrics, the 50 per cent wool/50 per cent cotton was much better than an all cotton fabric of approximately the same weight. Both were very superior to the lightweight cotton underwear fabric. The wool/synthetic blended fabrics showed that for 15 per cent synthetic fiber there was very little or no difference from the all wool fabric regardless of the synthetic. With higher percentage blends the differentiation became greater. The higher the per cent of synthetic the poorer the resistance to thermal damage and heat transfer. (Author).
Space-cabin Atmospheres: Fire and blast hazards
A Study of New Thermal Protective Fabrics Based on Glass and Cotton Fibers
Author: HQ. Chen
Publisher:
Published: 1997
Total Pages: 7
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →A new kind of composite material was studied that combined glass-fiber fabrics and cotton fabrics into a new protective clothing material which may be used as protective clothing in metal foundry industries, electric welding operation, etc. In addition to the excellent flame retardance and heat-radiation performance, this composite material possesses good moisture permeability and soft hand. Two lamination techniques were employed: one was flame lamination with Polyurethane (PU) foam and the other was adhesive bonding. Their performance was tested respectively. During the experiment the different glass-fiber fabrics and cotton fabrics were evaluated and their surface pretreatment was carried out in order to obtain good adhesion strength as well as other properties. Some evaluation tests were also carried out in the study, i.e. molten metal splash, heat radiation, moisture permeabillity, etc. Thus, a new kind of composite protective clothing material with high flame-retardance and heat-radiation resistance was obtained.
Space-cabin Atmospheres
Firefighters' Clothing and Equipment
Author: Guowen Song
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2018-12-07
Total Pages: 372
ISBN-13: 0429816413
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Protective clothing and equipment used for firefighters protect them against their harsh working environment loaded with strong thermal hazards, elevated environmental temperatures, low oxygen concentration and smoke. This book describes an in-depth review of firefighting clothing and equipment, and explicitly addresses the performance of protection and comfort in textile engineering, clothing design, and evaluation. Covered topics include protection and comfort requirements for firefighting clothing and equipment, testing methods, standards and performance evaluation, smart firefighting clothing for first responders and numerical modeling of performance of firefighting clothing. Key Features Presents complete overview about the requirements of firefighters' protective clothing/thermal protective materials Addresses performance of protection and comfort Includes human thermoregulation system and responses to firefighting working environment Discusses SMART firefighting clothing and equipment Suggests "how to improve the wear comfort?
