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Star Scientists, Institutions, and the Entry of Japanese Biotechnology Enterprises

Author: Michael R. Darby

Publisher:

Published: 1996

Total Pages: 60

ISBN-13:

Advance of science and its commercial applications are in a close, symbiotic relationship in the U.S. biotechnology industry. Comparing Japan and the U.S., the structure of the science appears broadly similar, but the organization of the biotechnology industry is quite dissimilar. In the U.S., some 77 percent of new biotechnology enterprises (NBEs) were dedicated new biotechnology firms (NBFs) started for this purpose while 88 percent of Japanese biotech firms in our data base were subunits of existing firms (NBSs). We report pooled poisson regression estimates of the relation of NBE births in Japan to top-producing is at work in Japan and America, stars in Japan induce entry of significantly fewer NBEs than in the U.S. and preexisting economic activity plays a greater role. We find no such significant difference for entry of keiretsu-member and nonmember firms within Japan. We relate the significant Japan-U.S. differences to Japan's relatively compact geography and institutional differences between the higher-education and research funding systems, the venture-capital and IPO markets, cultural characteristics and incentive systems which impact scientists' entrepreneurialism, and tort-liability exposures. The relative importance of these factors and whether differences in organization of biotechnology result in substantial differences in productivity and international competitiveness are issues for future research.

Local Academic Science Driving Organizational Change

Author: Michael R. Darby

Publisher:

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 50

ISBN-13:

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The local academic science base plays a dominant role in determining where and when biotechnology is adopted by existing firms or -- much more frequently -- exploited by new entrants in the U.S. In Japan this new dominant technology has almost exclusively been introduced through organizational change in existing firms. We show that for the U.S. and global pharmaceutical business -- biotechnology's most important application -- the performance enhancement associated with this organizational change is necessary for incumbent firms to remain competitive and, ultimately, to survive. Japan's sharply higher organizational change/new entry ratio compared to the U.S. during the biotech revolution is related to Japan's relatively compact geography and institutional differences between the higher-education and research funding systems, the venture capital and IPO markets, cultural characteristics and incentive systems which impact scientists' entrepreneurialism, and tort-liability exposures. Both local science base and pre-existing economic activity explained where and when Japanese firms adopted biotechnology, with the latter playing a somewhat larger role. De nova entry was determined similarly as if entry and organizational change are alternative ways of exploiting the scientific base with relative frequency reflecting underlying institutions. While similar processes are at work in Japan and America, stars in Japan induce entry or transformation of significantly fewer firms than in the U.S. and preexisting economic activity plays a greater role. We find no such significant difference for entry of keiretsu-member and nonmember firms within Japan

Industrializing Knowledge

Author: Lewis M. Branscomb

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 666

ISBN-13: 9780262024655

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Compares the economic effects of university research in the USA and Japan. Incorporating historical, sociological and industrial perspectives, the book discusses the mechanics of university-industry interactions and how policies encouraging such interactions can address regional/national needs.

In the Shadow of the Miracle

Author: Arthur J. Alexander

Publisher: Lexington Books

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 368

ISBN-13: 9780739106907

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This work analyzes the sources of Japanese growth and the nature and scale of its current economic problems. It examines Japanese investment, manufacturing, research and development, the 1997-99 Asian economic crisis, and the steps being taken to address the mounting crisis.

Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 2009, Global

Author: Justin Yifu Lin

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2010-06-21

Total Pages: 520

ISBN-13: 9780821380598

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'ABCDE 2009 Global' presents selected papers from the ABCDE meetings, held June 9-11, 2008 in Cape Town South Africa. This volume presents papers on Trade and Investment; Migration, Remittances, and Transition from Foreign Aid; Higher Education and High-tech Industries; Human Development; and Political Economy.

Managing Medical Technological Innovations: Exploring Multiple Perspectives

Author: Tugrul U Daim

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2019-12-23

Total Pages: 520

ISBN-13: 9811204705

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This book addresses the issue of modern medical innovations management through an inductive approach by looking into cases before putting forward solutions in terms of strategies and tools. It provides a model for the designing and implementation of effective healthcare technology management (HTM) systems in hospitals and healthcare provider settings, as well as promotes a new method of analysis of hospital organization for decision-making regarding technology to show how systematic management using a strategy that balances bottom-up and top-down driven innovations, can deliver better medical technological advances.Managing Medical Technological Innovations is organized in three parts. Part 1 covers innovation strategies, laying the groundwork and concepts in design thinking. Part 2 follows by presenting the tools available for implementation. And finally, Part 3 uses the case studies of pharmaceutical firms in China and hospital medical record management in Holland to illustrate how these ideas and methodologies have been applied.This book is suitable for healthcare administrators, management, and IT personnel involved in the planning, expansion and maintaining of healthcare technology management and organisation seeking a reference with most recent approaches and cases from an international context; researchers seeking new approaches to apply to emerging medical technologies in different regions; and graduate students who are either doing their research or taking introductory as well as advanced courses in engineering and technology management in different parts of the world.

The Economic and Social Dynamics of Biotechnology

Author: John de la Mothe

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 282

ISBN-13: 1461543231

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`Biotechnology' - the integrated use of biochemistry, microbiology, and chemical engineering for the technological application of the capabilities of microbes and cultured tissue cells - is quickly becoming pervasive and challenging, rapidly developing both new techniques and industries. The Economic and Social Dynamics of Biotechnology - a joint project between Statistics Canada, the Program of Research on Innovation, Management and Economy (PRIME) at the University of Ottawa, and CIRANO at the University of Quebec in Montreal - brings together economic, social, and statistical views on the dynamics of this set of emerging technologies. It examines the costs as well as the benefits - the challenges as well as the choices - of the rapidly expanding science-based world of biodiversity, biopharmaceuticals, and bioinformatics, and it provides suggestions for future work and research. This project fits into an ongoing research program at Statistics Canada to develop meaningful indicators for science, technology, and innovation in a technology-intensive economy. This book tells the story of the inner workings of innovation systems, technological systems, and competence blocs in the production, use, and diffusion of knowledge.

The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography

Author: Gordon L. Clark

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2003-07-10

Total Pages: 780

ISBN-13: 9780199250837

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1 Economic Geography: Transition and Growth Gordon L Clark and Maryann Feldmann and Meric Gertler 2 Economic Geography: The Great Half Century Allen Scott Part I Conceptual Perspectives Section 1 Mapping the Territory 3 Where in the World is the 'New Economic Geography'? Paul Krugman 4 Doing Regulation Jamie Peck Section 2 Analytical Frameworks 5 The New Economics of Urban and Regional Growth Ed Glaeser 6 Geography or Economics? Conceptions of Space, Time, Interdependence, and Agency Eric Sheppard Part II Global Economic Integration Section 3 Investment and Trade 7 The Geography of International Investment Tony Venables and Howard Shatz 8 Globalization, Localization, and Trade Michael Storpor Section 4 Development and Underdevelopment 9 Geography and Economic Development John Gallup and Andrew Mellinger and Jeffrey Sachs 10 The Great Tablecloth: Bread and Butter Politics and the Political Economy of Food and Poverty Michael Watts Section 5 Finance Capital 11 The Regulation of International Finance Risto Laulajainen 12 Finance and Localities Adam Tickell Part III Corporate Structure, Strategy, and Location Section 6 Competition, Location, and Strategy 13 Locations, Clusters, and Company Strategy Michael Porter 14 Places and Flows: Situating International Investment Peter Dicken 15 The Globalization of Retail Capital: Themes for Economic Geography Neil Wrigley Section 7 Remaking the Corporation 16 The Management of Time and Space Erica Schoenberger 17 Corporate Form and Spatial Form David B. Audretsch Part IV The Geography of Innovation Section 8 National and Localized Learning 18 National States and Economic Development: from National Systems of Production to National Systems of Knowledge Creation and Learning Bengt-Ake Lundvall and Peter Maskell 19 Location and Innovation: The New Economic Geography of Innovation, Spillover, and Agglomeration Maryann Feldman 20 Restructuring and Innovation in Long Term Regional Change Cristiano Antonelli Section 9 Districts and Regional Innovation Systems 21 Industrial Districts: The Contributions of Marshall and Beyond Bjorn Asheim 22 Innovation Networks, Regions, and Globalization Beat Hotz-Hart Part V Localities and Difference Section 10 Labour and Locality 23 Local Labour Markets: Their Nature, Performance, and Regulation Ron Martin 24 Firms, Workers, and the Geographic Concentration of Economic Activity Gordon Hanson Section 11 Gender, Race, and Place 25 Feminists Rethink the Economic: The Economics of Gender/the Gender of Economics Linda McDowelll 26 Racial and Economic Segregation in US Metropolitan Areas John Kain Section 12 Communities, Politics, and Power 27 Elite Power, Global Forces, and the Political Economy of Global Development Eric Swyngedouw 28 Economic Geography in Practice: Local Economic Development Policy Amy Glasmeier Part VI Global Transformations Section 13 Environment and Regulation 29 Markets and Environmental Quality R. Kerry Turner 30 Environmental Innovation and Regulation David Angel Section 14 Trade and Investment Blocs 31 Spontaneous Integration in Japan and East Asia: Development Crisis and Beyond Tetsuo Abo 32 Regional Economic Integration in North America John Holmes 33 The EU as more than a Triad Market for National Economic Spaces Ash Amin Part VII Coda 34 Pandora's Box? Cultural Geographies of Economies Nigel Thrift.

Biotechnology in Japan

Author: Rolf D. Schmid

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 786

ISBN-13: 3642763391

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Biotechnology in Japan is a complete guide to economic, scientific and regulatory aspects of Japanese research centres and companies. Profiles for more than 400 private Japanese companies and almost 200 universities and research institutes are given in great detail. Ministries providing research guidelines and ongoing research projects are analysed. The book is the first comprehensive source in the English language and is of particular interest to consultants, managers and researchers seeking cooperation with Japanese partners.

U.S.-Japan Technology Linkages in Biotechnology

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1992-02-01

Total Pages: 107

ISBN-13: 0309046998

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U.S.-Japan Technology Linkages in Biotechnology provides an assessment of the extent and nature of the rapidly expanding linkages between the United States and Japan in biotechnology. Through analysis of aggregate data and case studies, the book assesses the implications of these linkages for the competitiveness of the U.S. biotechnology industry and provides concrete suggestions on what can be done to ensure that the linkages bring benefits to the United States.