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Somatic Genome Variation

Author: Xiu-Qing Li

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2017-04-20

Total Pages: 448

ISBN-13: 1118647025

Written by an international team of experts, SomaticGenome Variation presents a timely summary of the latestunderstanding of somatic genome development and variation inplants, animals, and microorganisms. Wide-ranging in coverage, theauthors provide an updated view of somatic genomes and genetictheories while also offering interpretations of somatic genomevariation. The text provides geneticists, bioinformaticians,biologist, plant scientists, crop scientists, and microbiologistswith a valuable overview of this fascinating field of research.

Human Genome Editing

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2017-08-13

Total Pages: 329

ISBN-13: 0309452880

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Genome editing is a powerful new tool for making precise alterations to an organism's genetic material. Recent scientific advances have made genome editing more efficient, precise, and flexible than ever before. These advances have spurred an explosion of interest from around the globe in the possible ways in which genome editing can improve human health. The speed at which these technologies are being developed and applied has led many policymakers and stakeholders to express concern about whether appropriate systems are in place to govern these technologies and how and when the public should be engaged in these decisions. Human Genome Editing considers important questions about the human application of genome editing including: balancing potential benefits with unintended risks, governing the use of genome editing, incorporating societal values into clinical applications and policy decisions, and respecting the inevitable differences across nations and cultures that will shape how and whether to use these new technologies. This report proposes criteria for heritable germline editing, provides conclusions on the crucial need for public education and engagement, and presents 7 general principles for the governance of human genome editing.

Heritable Human Genome Editing

Author: The Royal Society

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2021-01-16

Total Pages: 239

ISBN-13: 0309671132

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Heritable human genome editing - making changes to the genetic material of eggs, sperm, or any cells that lead to their development, including the cells of early embryos, and establishing a pregnancy - raises not only scientific and medical considerations but also a host of ethical, moral, and societal issues. Human embryos whose genomes have been edited should not be used to create a pregnancy until it is established that precise genomic changes can be made reliably and without introducing undesired changes - criteria that have not yet been met, says Heritable Human Genome Editing. From an international commission of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the U.K.'s Royal Society, the report considers potential benefits, harms, and uncertainties associated with genome editing technologies and defines a translational pathway from rigorous preclinical research to initial clinical uses, should a country decide to permit such uses. The report specifies stringent preclinical and clinical requirements for establishing safety and efficacy, and for undertaking long-term monitoring of outcomes. Extensive national and international dialogue is needed before any country decides whether to permit clinical use of this technology, according to the report, which identifies essential elements of national and international scientific governance and oversight.

Two Faces of Evil: Cancer and Neurodegeneration

Author: Thomas Curran

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-12-16

Total Pages: 171

ISBN-13: 3642166024

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Homeostasis involves a delicate interplay between generative and degenerative processes to maintain a stable internal environment. In biological systems, equilibrium is established and controlled through a series of negative feedback mechanisms driven by a range of signal transduction processes. Failures in these complex communication pathways result in instability leading to disease. Cancer represents a state of imbalance caused by an excess of cell proliferation. In contrast, neurodegeneration is a consequence of excessive cell loss in the nervous system. Both of these disorders exhort profound tolls on humanity and they have been subject to a great deal of research designed to ameliorate this suffering. For the most part, the topics have been viewed as distinct and rarely do opportunities arise for transdisciplinary discussions among experts in both fields. However, cancer and neurodegeneration represent yin-yang counterpoints in the regulation of cell growth, and it is reasonable to hypothesize that key regulatory events mediated by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in cancer may also affect neurodegenerative processes

Advances in Grape and Wine Biotechnology

Author: Antonio Morata

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2019-09-04

Total Pages: 298

ISBN-13: 1789846129

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Advances in Grape and Wine Biotechnology is a collection of fifteen chapters that addresses different issues related to the technological and biotechnological management of vineyards and winemaking. It focuses on recent advances in the field of viticulture with interesting topics such as the development of a microvine model for research purposes, the mechanisms of cultivar adaptation and evolution in a climate change scenario, and the consequences of vine water deficit on yield components. Other topics include the metabolic profiling of different Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeast species and their contribution in modulating the sensory quality of wines produced in warm regions, the use of new natural and sustainable fining agents, and available physical methods to reduce alcohol content. This volume will be of great interest to researchers and vine or wine professionals.

Genomic Mosaicism in Neurons and Other Cell Types

Author: José María Frade

Publisher: Humana Press

Published: 2017-09-09

Total Pages: 382

ISBN-13: 9781493972791

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This volume presents methods for the analysis of genomic variability in vertebrate neurons and broadens our knowledge in the ways we understand the brain and its neurons. The chapters in this book are divided into 5 parts, and cover the following topics: principles and approaches for discovery of somatic mosaicism in the brain, aneuploidy and ploidy variation, DNA copy number variation, LINE-1 retrotransposition, and genetic and genomic mosaicism in aging and disease. In Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and authoritative, Genomic Mosaicism in Neurons and Other Cell Types is a valuable resource for learning about the latest techniques for the analysis of genome and genetic mosaicism in vertebrate neurons.

Genome Plasticity in Health and Disease

Author:

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2020-04-08

Total Pages: 290

ISBN-13: 0128178205

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Genome Plasticity in Health and Disease provides a fully up-to-date overview on genome plasticity and its role in human physiology and disease. Following an introduction to the field, a diverse range of chapters cover genomic and epigenomic analysis and the use of model organisms and genomic databases in studies. Specific molecular and biochemical mechanisms of genome plasticity are examined, including somatic variants, De Novo variants, founder variations, isolated populations dynamics, copy-number variations, mobile elements, DNA methylation, histone modifications, transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, telomere dynamics and RNA editing. Later chapters explore disease relevance for cancer, as well as cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, inflammatory, and endocrine disease, and associated pathways for drug discovery. Examines the role of genome plasticity across a range of disease types, from cardiovascular disease, to cancer and neuropsychiatric disorders Adopts an interdisciplinary approach, with expert contributions across the spectrum of basic science and disease relevance to drug discovery

Genetic Engineering of Plants

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1984-02-01

Total Pages: 97

ISBN-13: 0309034345

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"The book...is, in fact, a short text on the many practical problems...associated with translating the explosion in basic biotechnological research into the next Green Revolution," explains Economic Botany. The book is "a concise and accurate narrative, that also manages to be interesting and personal...a splendid little book." Biotechnology states, "Because of the clarity with which it is written, this thin volume makes a major contribution to improving public understanding of genetic engineering's potential for enlarging the world's food supply...and can be profitably read by practically anyone interested in application of molecular biology to improvement of productivity in agriculture."

Somatic Gene Therapy

Author: P.L. Chang

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-01-17

Total Pages: 313

ISBN-13: 1351085212

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As human gene therapy becomes a clinical reality, a new era in medicine dawns. Novel and innovative developments in molecular genetics now provide opportunities to treat the genetic bases of diseases often untreatable before. Somatic Gene Therapy documents these historical clinical trials, reviews current advances in the field, evaluates the use of the many different cell types and organs amenable to gene transfer, and examines the prospects of various exciting strategies for gene therapy.

Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1988-01-01

Total Pages: 128

ISBN-13: 0309038405

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There is growing enthusiasm in the scientific community about the prospect of mapping and sequencing the human genome, a monumental project that will have far-reaching consequences for medicine, biology, technology, and other fields. But how will such an effort be organized and funded? How will we develop the new technologies that are needed? What new legal, social, and ethical questions will be raised? Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome is a blueprint for this proposed project. The authors offer a highly readable explanation of the technical aspects of genetic mapping and sequencing, and they recommend specific interim and long-range research goals, organizational strategies, and funding levels. They also outline some of the legal and social questions that might arise and urge their early consideration by policymakers.