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Solvent form

Author: Jared Pappas-Kelley

Publisher: Manchester University Press

Published: 2018-11-23

Total Pages: 182

ISBN-13: 1526129264

This book is about the destruction of art, both in terms of objects that have been destroyed – lost in fires, floods or vandalism – and the general concept of art operating through object and form. Through re-examinations of such events as the Momart warehouse fire in 2004 and the activities of art thief Stéphane Breitwieser, the book proposes an idea of solvent form hinging on the dual meaning in the words solvent and solvency, whereby art, while attempting to make secure or fixed, simultaneously undoes and destroys through its inception. Ultimately, the book questions what is it that may be perceived in the destruction of art and how we understand it, and further how it might be linked to a more general failure.

Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry

Author: Christian Reichardt

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2011-08-04

Total Pages: 722

ISBN-13: 3527642137

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Now in its 4th edition, this book remains the ultimate reference for all questions regarding solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. Retaining its proven concept, there is no other book which covers the subject in so much depth, the handbook is completely updated and contains 15% more content, including new chapters on "Solvents and Green chemistry", "Classification of Solvents by their Environmental Impact", and "Ionic Liquids". An essential part of every organic chemist's library.

Polymer-Solvent Molecular Compounds

Author: Jean-Michel Guenet

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2010-07-07

Total Pages: 315

ISBN-13: 9780080555034

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Crystallisable polymers represent a large share of the polymers used for manufacturing a wide variety of objects, and consequently have received continuous attention from scientists these past 60 years. Molecular compounds from crystallisable polymers, particularly from synthetic polymers, are receiving growing interest due to their potential application in the making of new materials such as multiporous membranes capable of capturing large particles as well as small pollutant molecules. Polymer-Solvent Molecular Compounds gives a detailed description of these promising systems. The first chapter is devoted to the presentation of important investigational techniques and some theoretical approaches. The second chapter is devoted to biopolymers, the first polymers known to produce molecular compounds, chiefly with water. The third chapter deals with synthetic polymers where compound formation is either due to hydrogen-bonding or to electrostatic interactions. The fourth chapter describes intercalates and clathrates systems for which compound formation is mainly due to a molecular recognition process. First book on the subject Gives a short but exhaustive description of investigational tools Covers both biopolymers and synthetic polymers Uses temperature-concentration phase diagrams abundantly for describing the systems Describes systems from the nano to the microscopic level, including mechanical properties

Solvent Systems and Their Selection in Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

Author: Patrick Augustijns

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-08-06

Total Pages: 466

ISBN-13: 0387691545

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Solvent systems are integral to drug development and pharmaceutical technology. This single topic encompasses numerous allied subjects running the gamut from recrystallization solvents to biorelevant media. The goal of this contribution to the AAPS Biotechnology: Pharmaceutical Aspects series is to generate both a practical handbook as well as a reference allowing the reader to make effective decisions concerning the use of solvents and solvent systems. To this end, the monograph was created by inviting recognized experts from a number of fields to author relevant sections. Specifically, 15 chapters have been designed covering the theoretical background of solubility, the effect of ionic equilibria and pH on solubilization, the use of solvents to effect drug substance crystallization and polymorph selection, the use of solvent systems in high throughput screening and early discovery, solvent use in preformulation, the use of solvents in bio-relevant dissolution and permeation experiments, solvents and their use as toxicology vehicles, solubilizing media and excipients in oral and parenteral formulation development, specialized vehicles for protein formulation and solvent systems for topical and pulmonary drug administration. The chapters are organized such that useful decision trees are included together with the scientific underpinning for their application. In addition, trends in the use of solvent systems and a balance of current views make this monograph useful to both the novice and experienced researcher and to scientists at all developmental stages from early discovery to late pharmaceutical operations.

Solvent Waste Reduction Alternatives

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1989

Total Pages: 124

ISBN-13:

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Solvent Effects in Chemistry

Author: Erwin Buncel

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2015-08-03

Total Pages: 241

ISBN-13: 1119030986

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This book introduces the concepts, theory and experimental knowledge concerning solvent effects on the rate and equilibrium of chemical reactions of all kinds. It begins with basic thermodynamics and kinetics, building on this foundation to demonstrate how a more detailed understanding of these effects may be used to aid in determination of reaction mechanisms, and to aid in planning syntheses. Consideration is given to theoretical calculations (quantum chemistry, molecular dynamics, etc.), to statistical methods (chemometrics), and to modern day concerns such as "green" chemistry, where utilization and disposal of chemical waste or by-products in an environmentally safe way is as important as achieving the desired end products by all chemists nowadays. The treatment progresses from elementary to advanced material in straightforward fashion. The more advanced topics are not developed in an overly rigorous way so that upper-level undergraduates, graduates, and newcomers to the field can grasp the concepts easily.

Highlights in Solute-Solvent Interactions

Author: Wolfgang Linert

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13: 3709161517

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Most organic molecules retain their integrity when dissolved, and even though in such cases the effects exerted by solvents are, in the language of the coordination chemist, of the "outer sphere" kind, the choice of solvent can be critical to the successful outcome of an operation or preparation. Solubilities of reactants and products must be taken into account, and even if the organic principals in the reactions retain their integrity, many of the reagents are electrolytes, and their state of aggregation will affect their reactivity. In testifying to the importance of understanding solute-solvent interactions I draw attention to a large class of inorganic species for which the involvement in the chemical and physical properties by the solvent is even more deeply seated. It is comprised by the large body of metal atoms in low oxidation states for which solvent molecules intervene as reagents. At the same time, because the ions carry charges, the effects arising from outer sphere interactions are usually greater than they are for neutral molecules. To cite an example: when FeCb(s) is dissolved in water to form a dilute - say O. OlO- solution there is a complete reorganization of the coordination sphere of the cation. Whereas in the solid each cation is surrounded by six chloride ions, in the solution the dominant form is [Fe(H20)6]3+ followed by [Fe(H20)sCI]2+, [Fe(H20)4CI2]+, etc. in rapidly decreasing abundance.

Journal of the Chemical Society

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1920

Total Pages: 934

ISBN-13:

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Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction

Author: Arup K. SenGupta

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2001-04-03

Total Pages: 384

ISBN-13: 9780824705084

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This text introduces a special class of polymeric ligand exchanger (PLE) with high affinities for anionic ligands. Volume 14 discusses the potential and advantages of micro- and nanofiltration membrane processes for removal of metals; details prevailing equilibrium relationships and supporting experimental data for systems where leaching and ion exchange take place simultaneously; covers cases of uranium cation and gold cyanide anion bisorption and modelling of engineered systems.

Solvent Extraction

Author: Vladimir S Kislik

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2011-11-04

Total Pages: 573

ISBN-13: 0444537783

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The main challenge in modern solvent extraction separation is that most techniques are mainly empirical, specific and particular for narrow fields of practice and require a large degree of experimentation. This concise and modern book provides a complete overview of both solvent extraction separation techniques and the novel and unified competitive complexation/solvation theory. This novel and unified technique presented in the book provides a key for a preliminary quantitative prediction of suitable extraction systems without experimentation, thus saving researchers time and resources. Analyzes and compares both classical and new competitive models and techniques Offers a novel and unified competitive complexation / solvation theory that permits researchers to standardize some parameters, which decreases the need for experimentation at R&D Presents examples of applications in multiple disciplines such as chemical, biochemical, radiochemical, pharmaceutical and analytical separation Written by an outstanding scientist who is prolific in the field of separation science