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Utilities on Permanent Snowfields

Author: Malcolm Mellor

Publisher:

Published: 1969

Total Pages: 48

ISBN-13:

The topics covered in the monograph include water supply, waste disposal, heating, ventilating and fire protection at installations built on polar ice sheets. The section on water supply discusses energy requirements, consumption rates, water quality and treatment, techniques and equipment for melting snow and ice, and water distribution systems. A number of actual water supply systems are described in detail. The section on waste disposal deals with sewage and sewage sinks, latrines, garbage, trash and scrap and radioactive waste. Examples of sanitation systems at polar bases are described in some detail. The section on heating discusses heating load, heat losses and insulation, energy sources, and heating systems. The ventilation section covers air demands, intakes and exhausts, ventilation of undersnow tunnels, and carbon monoxide problems. The report concludes with some notes on fire protection. (Author).

High Snowfields of the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon Territory, Canada

Author: Edward Grew

Publisher:

Published: 1966

Total Pages: 40

ISBN-13:

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Observations made during the 1964 summer provide a description of snow and radiation characteristics for the region and give insight into effects of altitude, regarded as a gross variable, when anomalous wind and slope effects are excluded. Divide Camp, Seward Camp, and Lucania Camp were occupied successively within a minimum period of time to compare conditions at different altitudes. Data are presented on snow profiles, snow accumulation measurements, the development of the annual snow layer, snow conditions at depth, the mechanical properties of the snow, snow densification, solar radiation, and the variation of snow properties with surface altitude. It is concluded that as long as local anomalies are avoided, the effects of surface altitude on snow properties and surface processes seem to be simple. However, in mountain regions it is probably a combination of local conditions which produces the most remarkable effects. (Author).