Simulating the Earth

Simulating the Earth PDF

Author: J.R. Holloway

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 204

ISBN-13: 9401180288

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This is a book about the why and how of doing experiments on rocks, minerals, magmas, and fluids. It could have as logically been subtitled "Experimental petrology" as "Experimental geochemistry," but we chose geochemistry to emphasize the broad and overlapping nature of current experimental work. We have tried to aim the book at a general readership which we hope will include advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and anyone else interested in learning something about experimental petrology. Although we hope there will be something of interest for the practicing experimentalist, our aim is at the non-experimentalist interested in learning why experiments are useful, what kind of experiments can be done, and what some of the major problems and limitations are and how they can best be avoided. The result of a journey through this book should be an ability to evaluate published experimental work critically and a knowledge of the kinds of problems an experimentalist might be able to help solve. Some details of experimental technique are included in the Appendix for those readers who want to "get their hands dirty. " Indeed, one of our main incentives for writing this book was to try to encourage more petrologists and geochemists to become experimentalists. In our pedagogical approach we have chosen to discuss a small number of case histories as illustrations of principles and techniques. We have tried to select studies we regard as well executed.

Simulating the Earth

Simulating the Earth PDF

Author: J. Holloway

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 267

ISBN-13: 9401164967

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This is a book about the why and how of doing experiments on rocks, minerals, magmas, and fluids. It could have as logically been subtitled "Experimental petrology" as "Experimental geochemistry," but we chose geochemistry to emphasize the broad and overlapping nature of current experimental work. We have tried to aim the book at a general readership which we hope will include advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and anyone else interested in learning something about experimental petrology. Although we hope there will be something of interest for the practicing experimentalist, our aim is at the non-experimentalist interested in learning why experiments are useful, what kind of experiments can be done, and what some of the major problems and limitations are and how they can best be avoided. The result of a journey through this book should be an ability to evaluate published experimental work critically and a knowledge of the kinds of problems an experimentalist might be able to help solve. Some details of experimental technique are included in the Appendix for those readers who want to "get their hands dirty. " Indeed, one of our main incentives for writing this book was to try to encourage more petrologists and geochemists to become experimentalists. In our pedagogical approach we have chosen to discuss a small number of case histories as illustrations of principles and techniques. We have tried to select studies we regard as well executed.

Quantum Earth Simulation

Quantum Earth Simulation PDF

Author: T. Hegland

Publisher: CreateSpace

Published: 2015-06-21

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 9781514178621

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Many Astronomers, Physicists and Philosophers are beginning to suspect that we live in a Simulation... an Extremely good one. Their thinking and reasons are given and the author has found many corroborating anomalies to support their theory that Earth may seriously be a Simulation. Among the anomalies are time-honored constants in Math and Physics that are changing -- and that cannot be if we are NOT a Simulation! It is however what a simulation does. Astronomers have also found several irregularities in the Universe that support the probability, including their discovery that there is noise coming from the edge of the universe! Examples of simulations running poorly, how they might be corrected, and how to program one (at a high level) are offered. The author also shows pix of the "spinning wheels" over Australia that were photographed by satellite just before bad weather socked in. The issue of: Can Science replicate true consciousness in a Cognitive Computer aka Robot is seriously looked at and what it would take to make that a reality appears to be hundreds of years away... if achievable at all. The latest android from Japan (Geminoid F) is shown and reviewed, as well as the latest D-Wave 3 -- a quantum computer. Whether we are in a Simulation or not, the book makes fascinating reading -- real brain candy -- but written and illustrated at the layman level.

Demystifying Climate Models

Demystifying Climate Models PDF

Author: Andrew Gettelman

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-04-09

Total Pages: 282

ISBN-13: 3662489597

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This book demystifies the models we use to simulate present and future climates, allowing readers to better understand how to use climate model results. In order to predict the future trajectory of the Earth’s climate, climate-system simulation models are necessary. When and how do we trust climate model predictions? The book offers a framework for answering this question. It provides readers with a basic primer on climate and climate change, and offers non-technical explanations for how climate models are constructed, why they are uncertain, and what level of confidence we should place in them. It presents current results and the key uncertainties concerning them. Uncertainty is not a weakness but understanding uncertainty is a strength and a key part of using any model, including climate models. Case studies of how climate model output has been used and how it might be used in the future are provided. The ultimate goal of this book is to promote a better understanding of the structure and uncertainties of climate models among users, including scientists, engineers and policymakers.

The Simulation Hypothesis

The Simulation Hypothesis PDF

Author: Rizwan Virk

Publisher: Bayview Books, LLC

Published: 2019-03-31

Total Pages: 324

ISBN-13:

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The Simulation Hypothesis, by best-selling author, renowned MIT computer scientist and Silicon Valley video game designer Rizwan Virk, is the first serious book to explain one of the most daring and consequential theories of our time. Riz is the Executive Director of Play Labs @ MIT, a video game startup incubator at the MIT Game Lab. Drawing from research and concepts from computer science, artificial intelligence, video games, quantum physics, and referencing both speculative fiction and ancient eastern spiritual texts, Virk shows how all of these traditions come together to point to the idea that we may be inside a simulated reality like the Matrix. The Simulation Hypothesis is the idea that our physical reality, far from being a solid physical universe, is part of an increasingly sophisticated video game-like simulation, where we all have multiple lives, consisting of pixels with its own internal clock run by some giant Artificial Intelligence. Simulation theory explains some of the biggest mysteries of quantum and relativistic physics, such as quantum indeterminacy, parallel universes, and the integral nature of the speed of light. Recently, the idea that we may be living in a giant video game has received a lot of attention: “There’s a one in a billion chance we are not living in a simulation” -Elon Musk “I find it hard to argue we are not in a simulation.” -Neil deGrasse Tyson “We are living in computer generated reality.” -Philip K. Dick Video game technology has developed from basic arcade and text adventures to MMORPGs. Video game designer Riz Virk shows how these games may continue to evolve in the future, including virtual reality, augmented reality, Artificial Intelligence, and quantum computing. This book shows how this evolution could lead us to the point of being able to develop all encompassing virtual worlds like the Oasis in Ready Player One, or the simulated reality in the Matrix. While the idea sounds like science fiction, many scientists, engineers, and professors have given the Simulation Hypothesis serious consideration. Futurist Ray Kurzweil has popularized the idea of downloading our consciousness into a silicon based device, which would mean we are just digital information after all. Some, like Oxford lecturer Nick Bostrom, goes further and thinks we may in fact be artificially intelligent consciousness inside such a simulation already! But the Simulation Hypothesis is not just a modern idea. Philosophers like Plato have been telling us that we live in a “cave” and can only see shadows of the real world. Mystics of all traditions have long contended that we are living in some kind of “illusion “and that there are other realities which we can access with our minds. While even Judeo-Christian traditions have this idea, Eastern traditions like Buddhism and Hinduism make this idea part of their core tradition — that we are inside a dream world (“Maya” or illusion, or Vishnu’s Dream), and we have “multiple lives” playing different characters when one dies, continuing to gain experience and “level up” after completing certain challenges. Sounds a lot like a video game! Whether you are a computer scientist, a fan of science fiction like the Matrix movies, a video game enthusiast, or a spiritual seeker, The Simulation Hypothesis touches on all these areas, and you will never look at the world the same way again!

High Resolution Numerical Modelling of the Atmosphere and Ocean

High Resolution Numerical Modelling of the Atmosphere and Ocean PDF

Author: Kevin Hamilton

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-12-25

Total Pages: 298

ISBN-13: 0387497919

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This highly relevant text documents the first international meeting focused specifically on high-resolution atmospheric and oceanic modeling. It was held recently at the Earth Simulator Center in Yokohama, Japan. Rather than producing a standard conference proceedings volume, the editors have decided to compose this volume entirely of papers written by invited speakers at the meeting, who report on their most exciting recent results involving high resolution modeling.

Spatial Modeling in GIS and R for Earth and Environmental Sciences

Spatial Modeling in GIS and R for Earth and Environmental Sciences PDF

Author: Hamid Reza Pourghasemi

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2019-01-18

Total Pages: 798

ISBN-13: 0128156953

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Spatial Modeling in GIS and R for Earth and Environmental Sciences offers an integrated approach to spatial modelling using both GIS and R. Given the importance of Geographical Information Systems and geostatistics across a variety of applications in Earth and Environmental Science, a clear link between GIS and open source software is essential for the study of spatial objects or phenomena that occur in the real world and facilitate problem-solving. Organized into clear sections on applications and using case studies, the book helps researchers to more quickly understand GIS data and formulate more complex conclusions. The book is the first reference to provide methods and applications for combining the use of R and GIS in modeling spatial processes. It is an essential tool for students and researchers in earth and environmental science, especially those looking to better utilize GIS and spatial modeling. Offers a clear, interdisciplinary guide to serve researchers in a variety of fields, including hazards, land surveying, remote sensing, cartography, geophysics, geology, natural resources, environment and geography Provides an overview, methods and case studies for each application Expresses concepts and methods at an appropriate level for both students and new users to learn by example

Existence

Existence PDF

Author: Peter van Inwagen

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2014-04-10

Total Pages: 271

ISBN-13: 1139868047

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The problem of the nature of being was central to ancient and medieval philosophy, and continues to be relevant today. In this collection of thirteen recent essays, Peter van Inwagen applies the techniques of analytical philosophy to a wide variety of problems in ontology and meta-ontology. Topics discussed include the nature of being, the meaning of the existential quantifier, ontological commitment, recent attacks on metaphysics and ontology, the concept of ontological structure, fictional entities, mereological sums, and the ontology of mental states. Van Inwagen adopts a generally 'Quinean' position in meta-ontology, yet reaches ontological conclusions very different from Quine's. The volume includes two previously unpublished essays, one of which is an introductory essay where van Inwagen explains his conception of the relation between the language of 'the ordinary business of life' and that of 'the ontology room'. The volume will be an important collection for students and scholars of metaphysics.

Geostatistics with Applications in Earth Sciences

Geostatistics with Applications in Earth Sciences PDF

Author: D.D. Sarma

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-09-30

Total Pages: 219

ISBN-13: 1402093802

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Geostatistics is expanding very fast: concept- and technique-wise. Keeping in view the importance of the subject, it was thought appropriate to bring out the second edition of this book. In this process, Chapter I has been expanded In Chapter 2, incorporating more details on sampling and sampling designs. a section on simulation has been introduced with emphasis on Monte-Carlo simulation with worked out examples. In Chapter 5, a procedure to compute variogram in the case of irregular grid has been outlined. Minor modifications have been made in all other chapters. A new chapter on Introduction to Advanced Geostatistics has been introduced with discussions on universal kriging, disjunctive kriging, conditional simulation and median polish kriging. Review Questions are given at the end of each chapter to facilitate a better understanding of the subject by the student/practitioner. The software codes are put in a CD for convenience of the students/practitoner of geostatistics. A few additions have been made in the bibliography making it more exhaustive. This contains references to the concepts and methods presented, in-depth treatment of related topics and possible extensions. My grateful thanks are due to Dr. B.S. Saini, Principal, Guru Nanak Engg. College, Hyderabad for very helpful support. I hope that this edition will be a welcome one.