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Rethinking Presuppositions

Author: Marco Fasciolo

Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Published: 2019-10-18

Total Pages: 176

ISBN-13: 1527541894

This innovative volume proposes an overturning in the study of presuppositions. Beginning with a critical discussion of the most influential approaches, both in linguistics and philosophy, it shows that mainstream debate has not actually studied presuppositions, but rather the means to make presuppositions. In order to overcome this paradox, by relying on systematic and controllable linguistic tests, this text demonstrates that presuppositions trace a curve ranging from natural ontology to the lexicon. At the top of the curve are contents working as presuppositions for the whole human form of life and without the need of any trigger. At the bottom are contents working as presuppositions for the time of a speech act and thanks to some trigger. From this original point of view, this book revisits the classic topics of the debate and offers solid linguistic ground to the elucidation of natural ontology. This makes this volume both challenging and essential reading for researchers and scholars in pragmatics, semantics and philosophy of language.

Rethinking Moral Status

Author: Steve Clarke

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2021-08-05

Total Pages: 352

ISBN-13: 0192894072

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Common-sense morality implicitly assumes that reasonably clear distinctions can be drawn between the full moral status that is usually attributed to ordinary adult humans, the partial moral status attributed to non-human animals, and the absence of moral status, which is usually ascribed to machines and other artifacts. These implicit assumptions have long been challenged, and are now coming under further scrutiny as there are beings we have recently become able to create, as well as beings that we may soon be able to create, which blur the distinctions between human, non-human animal, and non-biological beings. These beings include non-human chimeras, cyborgs, human brain organoids, post-humans, and human minds that have been uploaded into computers and onto the internet and artificial intelligence. It is far from clear what moral status we should attribute to any of these beings. There are a number of ways we could respond to the new challenges these technological developments raise: we might revise our ordinary assumptions about what is needed for a being to possess full moral status, or reject the assumption that there is a sharp distinction between full and partial moral status. This volume explores such responses, and provides a forum for philosophical reflection about ordinary presuppositions and intuitions about moral status.

Re-Thinking International Relations Theory via Deconstruction

Author: Badredine Arfi

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013-03-01

Total Pages: 298

ISBN-13: 1136462155

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International Relations (IR) theorists have ceaselessly sought to understand, explain, and transform the experienced reality of international politics. Running through all these attempts is a persistent, yet unquestioned, quest by theorists to develop strategies to eliminate or reduce the antinomies, contradictions, paradoxes, dilemmas, and inconsistencies dogging their approaches. A serious critical assessment of the logic behind these strategies is however lacking. This new work addresses this issue by seeking to reformulate IR theory in an original way. Arfi begins by providing a thorough critique of leading contemporary IR theories, including pragmatism, critical/scientific realism, rationalism, neo-liberal institutionalism and social-constructivism, and then moves on to strengthen and go beyond the valuable contributions of each approach by employing the logic of deconstruction pioneered by Derrida to explicate the consequences of taking into account the dilemmas and inconsistencies of these theories. The book demonstrates that the logic of deconstruction is resourceful and rigorous in its questioning of the presuppositions of prevailing IR approaches, and argues that relying on deconstruction leads to richer and more powerfully insightful pluralist IR theories and is an invaluable resource for taking IR theory beyond currently paralyzing ‘wars of paradigms’. Questioning universally accepted presuppositions in existing theories, this book provides an innovative and exciting contribution to the field, and will be of great interest to scholars of international relations theory, critical theory and international relations.

The Annual of Psychoanalysis, V. 30

Author: Jerome A. Winer

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-07-18

Total Pages: 341

ISBN-13: 1317713621

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The issue of same-gender sexual identity has challenged our understanding of psychological development and psychological intervention throughout the century just past and continues to provoke discussion in the century upon us. Over the past three decades, psychoanalysis advanced toward a contemporary perspective, which holds that the dynamics of sexual orientation must be an important element of the psychoanalytic process, but must be approached without prejudice regarding the outcome of analytic exploration of wish and desire. Taken together, the essays in Rethinking Psychoanalysis and the Homosexualities, a thematic volume of The Annual of Psychoanalysis, provide a developmentally grounded and clinically consequential enlargement of this basic premise. The result is a timely overview of contemporary approaches to the study of sexual orientation within psychoanalysis that highlights issues salient to clinical work with lesbian and gay patients. The section on "The Meaning of Sexualization in Clinical Psychoanalysis" demonstrates the importance of psychoanalytic study of same-gender desire and sexual orientation for analyst and analysand alike. Philips considers the analyst's own sexual identity as a factor shaping the analysand's experience of sexuality, whereas Shelby, Lynch, Roughton, and Young-Bruehl, from their various perspectives, address the problem of stigma and prejudice as they distort same-gender desire and same-gender sexual identity. Two concluding sections of the book explore the implications of a clinical psychoanalytic perspective for the study of gay and lesbian lives. Timely and essential reading for all mental health professionals, Rethinking Psychoanalysis and the Homosexualities underscores the profound distance traversed by psychoanalysis in arriving at its contemporary understandings of gender, sexual identity, and sexual desire.

Exploring the Messianic Secret in Mark's Gospel

Author: John Michael Perry

Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 196

ISBN-13: 9781556129247

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In Exploring the Messianic Secret in Mark's Gospel, John Perry shows the reader how to distinguish between the actual history of Jesus and Mark's Messianic Secret theology, explaining why the substance of Mark's theology is still valid and can still nourish our contemporary faith

Researching Metaphors

Author: Michele Prandi

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2022-09-07

Total Pages: 232

ISBN-13: 1000606449

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This collection advocates for a more holistic picture of metaphor, extending the field’s focus beyond the cognitive paradigm and conventional metaphorical concepts to illustrate the possibilities afforded by the study of living metaphors. The volume brings together a diverse range of researchers in the discipline towards critically examining the presuppositions of the cognitive approach. The book shines a light on living metaphors – creative interpretations of conflictual meaning specific to a text or communicative act with their own unique functions – to throw into relief long-held tenets in existing metaphor research. Chapters reflect on the notion that creative metaphors spring from independent sources, not merely from metaphorical concepts, and the subsequent implications for our understanding of the relationship between linguistic forms and conceptual structures and the role of creative metaphors in organizing thought and action. Taken together, the book offers a complementary vision of languages and figures which integrates disparate lines of study within the cognitive paradigm with alternative perspectives for a more comprehensive portrait of metaphors. This book will be of interest to students and scholars interested in the study of metaphor, including such disciplines as theoretical linguistics, cognitive linguistics, semantics, literary studies, and philosophy of language.

Reticulations

Author: Philip Armstrong

Publisher: U of Minnesota Press

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 338

ISBN-13: 0816654891

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Significantly advancing our notion of what constitutes a network, Philip Armstrong proposes a rethinking of political public space that specifically separates networks from the current popular discussion of globalization and information technology.

Reformation Readings of Romans

Author: Kathy Ehrensperger

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA

Published: 2008-06-15

Total Pages: 229

ISBN-13: 0567361861

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This volume of essays provides presentations and analyses of several Reformation theologians' interpretations of Romans as a whole or in part, some focusing on one particular interpreter, such as Erasmus, Luther, Calvin, Bullinger, and Bucer; others compare and contrast two or more of the major interpreters whether in relation to a particular section of the letter. The commonalities and divergence in the readings are analyzed in relation to and as a reflection of the various social, political and personal circumstances of the Reformers.

Rethinking Punishment

Author: Leo Zaibert

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2018-04-19

Total Pages: 278

ISBN-13: 110867660X

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The age-old debate about what constitutes just punishment has become deadlocked. Retributivists continue to privilege desert over all else, and consequentialists continue to privilege punishment's expected positive consequences, such as deterrence or rehabilitation, over all else. In this important intervention into the debate, Leo Zaibert argues that despite some obvious differences, these traditional positions are structurally very similar, and that the deadlock between them stems from the fact they both oversimplify the problem of punishment. Proponents of these positions pay insufficient attention to the conflicts of values that punishment, even when justified, generates. Mobilizing recent developments in moral philosophy, Zaibert offers a properly pluralistic justification of punishment that is necessarily more complex than its traditional counterparts. An understanding of this complexity should promote a more cautious approach to inflicting punishment on individual wrongdoers and to developing punitive policies and institutions.

Rethinking Intelligence

Author: Joe L. Kincheloe

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 294

ISBN-13: 9780415922081

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First Published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.