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Reliability and Ecological Aspects of Photovoltaic Modules

Author: Abdulkerim Gok

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2020-01-08

Total Pages: 171

ISBN-13: 1789848229

Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy is expected to be the world's largest source of electricity in the future. To enhance the long-term reliability of PV modules, a thorough understanding of failure mechanisms is of vital importance. In addition, it is important to address the potential downsides to this technology. These include the hazardous chemicals needed for manufacturing solar cells, especially for thin-film technologies, and the large number of PV modules disposed of at the end of their lifecycles. This book discusses the reliability and environmental aspects of PV modules.

Photovoltaic Modules

Author: Karl-Anders Weiß

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2021-06-08

Total Pages: 229

ISBN-13: 3110685728

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Photovoltaic modules have developed into mass products sold in billions and applied all over the world enabling a renewable energy supply. Reliability and sustainability are key factors for the success of Photovoltaics in all climate zones. The second edition of this interdisciplinary book provides insight into relevant environmental aspects (climates), material and module testing equipment and approaches, service life prediction modelling and standardisation of wafer-based photovoltaic modules. The book also addresses recent research and developments on the sustainability assessment of photovoltaic modules including end of life measures and legislation.

Advancements in Nanotechnology for Energy and Environment

Author: Dharmendra Tripathi

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-09-16

Total Pages: 298

ISBN-13: 9811952019

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This book presents a very useful and valuable collection of chapters associated with recent developments in energy, environment, and nanotechnology including nanofluids dynamics. The book provides insights related to various forms of nanotechnological applications in green buildings, environmental and electrochemical systems, solar distillation systems, green energy, storage tank of the solar water heating systems, solar concentrator system's receiver, solar adsorption refrigeration system, and CFD simulations of various aspects of nanofluids/hybrid nanofluids, which are particularly useful, valuable for the betterment of society, culture, and ultimately mankind.

Some Reliability Aspects of Photovoltaic Modules

Author: Titu-Marius I. BƒÉjenescu

Publisher:

Published: 2022

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Solar cells and photovoltaic modules are energy conversion components that produce electricity when exposed to light. The originality of photovoltaic energy as we understand it here is to directly transform light into electricity. Thin-film silicon in particular is better at low and diffuse illuminations and decreases less than the crystalline when the temperature increases while reducing the amount of material and manufacturing costs. However, the quality of the material and the efficiency of the conversion limit their use on a large scale. If the light absorption of the ultra-thin layers of the active material could be improved, this would lead to low recombination currents, higher open-circuit voltages and higher conversion efficiency. PV systems often communicate with utilities, aggregators and other grid operators over the public Internet, so the power system attack surface has significantly expanded. Solar energy systems are equipped with a range of grid-support functions, which,Äîif controlled or programmed improperly,Äîpresent a risk of power system disturbances.

Photovoltaic Module Reliability

Author: John H. Wohlgemuth

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2020-01-08

Total Pages: 289

ISBN-13: 1119459028

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Provides practical guidance on the latest quality assurance and accelerated stress test methods for improved long-term performance prediction of PV modules This book has been written from a historical perspective to guide readers through how the PV industry learned what the failure and degradation modes of PV modules were, how accelerated tests were developed to cause the same failures and degradations in the laboratory, and then how these tests were used as tools to guide the design and fabrication of reliable and long-life modules. Photovoltaic Module Reliability starts with a brief history of photovoltaics, discussing some of the different types of materials and devices used for commercial solar cells. It then goes on to offer chapters on: Module Failure Modes; Development of Accelerated Stress Tests; Qualification Testing; and Failure Analysis Tools. Next, it examines the use of quality management systems to manufacture PV modules. Subsequent chapters cover the PVQAT Effort; the Conformity Assessment and IECRE; and Predicting PV Module Service Life. The book finishes with a look at what the future holds for PV. A comprehensive treatment of current photovoltaic (PV) technology reliability and necessary improvement to become a significant part of the electric utility supply system Well documented with experimental and practical cases throughout, enhancing relevance to both scientific community and industry Timely contribution to the harmonization of methodological aspects of PV reliability evaluation with test procedures implemented to certify PV module quality Written by a leading international authority in PV module reliability Photovoltaic Module Reliability is an excellent book for anyone interested in PV module reliability, including those working directly on PV module and system reliability and preparing to purchase modules for deployment.

Fault Analysis and its Impact on Grid-connected Photovoltaic Systems Performance

Author: Ahteshamul Haque

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2022-12-20

Total Pages: 356

ISBN-13: 1119873754

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A thorough and authoritative discussion of how to use fault analysis to prevent grid failures In Fault Analysis and its Impact on Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems Performance, a team of distinguished engineers delivers an insightful and concise analysis of how engineers can use fault analysis to estimate and ensure reliability in grid-connected photovoltaic systems. The editors explore how failure data can be used to identify how power electronics-based power systems operate and how they can help to perform risk analysis and reduce the likelihood and frequency of failure. The book explains how to apply different fault detection techniques—including signal and image processing, fault tolerant approaches—and explores the impact of faults in grid-connected photovoltaic systems. It offers contributions from noted experts in the field and is fully updated to include the latest technologies and approaches. Readers will also find: A failure mode effect classification approach for distributed generation systems and their components Explanations of advanced machine learning approaches with significant market potential and real-world relevance A consideration of the issues pertaining to the integration of power electronics converters with distributed generation systems in grid-connected environments Treatments of IoT-based monitoring, ageing detection for capacitors, image and signal processing approaches, and standards for failure modes and criticality analyses Perfect for manufacturers and engineers working in the power electronics-based power system and smart grid sectors, Fault Analysis and its Impact on Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems Performance will also earn a place in the libraries of distributed generation companies facing issues in operation and maintenance.

High-Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

Author: Eun-Chel Cho

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2021-01-06

Total Pages: 90

ISBN-13: 3039436295

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This book is composed of 6 papers. The first paper reports a novel technique for the selective emitter formation by controlling the surface morphology of Si wafers. Selective emitter (SE) technology has attracted renewed attention in the Si solar cell industry to achieve an improved conversion efficiency of passivated-emitter rear-contact (PERC) cells. In the second paper, the temperature dependence of the parameters was compared through the PERC of the industrial-scale solar cells. As a result of their analysis, PERC cells showed different temperature dependence for the fill factor loss as temperatures rose. The third paper reports the effects of carrier selective front contact layer and defect state of hydrogenated amorphous silicon passivation layer/n-type crystalline silicon interface. The results demonstrated the effects of band offset determined by band bending at the interface of the passivation layer and carrier selective front contact layer. In addition, the nc-SiOx: H CSFC layer not only reduces parasitic absorption loss but also has a tunneling effect and field-effect passivation. The fourth paper reports excimer laser annealing of hydrogenated amorphous silicon film for TOPCon solar cell application. This paper analyzes the crystallization of a-Si:H via excimer laser annealing (ELA) and compared this process with conventional thermal annealing. The fifth paper reports the contact mechanism between Ag–Al and Si and the change in contact resistance (Rc) by varying the firing profile. Rc was measured by varying the belt speed and peak temperature of the fast-firing furnace. The sixth paper reports a silicon tandem heterojunction solar cell based on a ZnO/Cu2O subcell and a c-Si bottom subcell using electro-optical numerical modeling. The buffer layer affinity and mobility together with a low conduction band offset for the heterojunction are discussed, as well as spectral properties of the device model.

Renewable Energy Integration with Building Energy Systems

Author: V.S.K.V. Harish

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2022-07-19

Total Pages: 159

ISBN-13: 1000610640

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Construction as an industry sector is responsible for around one-third of the total world-wide energy usage, and about 20% of greenhouse gas emissions. The rise in number of buildings and floor space area for both residential and commercial purposes has imposed enormous pressure on existing sources of energy. Implementations like efficient usage of building energy systems, design measures, utilization of local energy resources, energy storage and renewable energy sources for meeting electricity demand are currently under development and deployment to improve the energy performance index. However, integrating all such measures and evaluation of developed nearly zero-energy and zero-emission buildings is yet to be explored. In this book, different control techniques together with intelligent building technology used to improve the energy performance of buildings have been illustrated. Every building energy control system has a two-fold objective for energy and comfort requirements to achieve a high comfort index (for thermal, visual, air quality, humidity and various plug loads) and to increase the energy performance index. The most significant aspect of the design of buildings’ energy control system is modelling. All the components, methodologies and processes involved in developing a renewable energy-driven building are covered in detail. This book is intended for graduates and professionals working towards the development of sustainable built environment using renewable energy sources.

Future of solar photovoltaic

Author: International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA

Publisher: International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)

Published: 2019-11-01

Total Pages: 145

ISBN-13: 9292601989

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This study presents options to fully unlock the world’s vast solar PV potential over the period until 2050. It builds on IRENA’s global roadmap to scale up renewables and meet climate goals.

The Performance of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems

Author: Nicola Pearsall

Publisher: Woodhead Publishing

Published: 2016-10-15

Total Pages: 368

ISBN-13: 1782423540

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The Performance of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems: Modelling, Measurement and Assessment explores the system lifetime of a PV system and the energy output of the system over that lifetime. The book concentrates on the prediction, measurement, and assessment of the performance of PV systems, allowing the reader to obtain a thorough understanding of the performance issues and progress that has been made in optimizing system performance. Provides unique insights into the performance of photovoltaic systems Includes comprehensive and systematic coverage of a fascinating area in energy Written by an expert team of authors and a respected editor