Reduction and Mechanism

Reduction and Mechanism PDF

Author: Alex Rosenberg

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2020-06-04

Total Pages: 140

ISBN-13: 1108605117

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Reductionism is a widely endorsed methodology among biologists, a metaphysical theory advanced to vindicate the biologist's methodology, and an epistemic thesis those opposed to reductionism have been eager to refute. While the methodology has gone from strength to strength in its history of achievements, the metaphysical thesis grounding it remained controversial despite its significant changes over the last 75 years of the philosophy of science. Meanwhile, antireductionism about biology, and especially Darwinian natural selection, became orthodoxy in philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, and philosophy of biology. This Element expounds the debate about reductionism in biology, from the work of the post-positivists to the end of the century debates about supervenience, multiple realizability, and explanatory exclusion. It shows how the more widely accepted 21st century doctrine of 'mechanism' - reductionism with a human face - inherits both the strengths and the challenges of the view it has largely supplanted.

Oxidation and Reduction

Oxidation and Reduction PDF

Author: Dr Nandkishor Chandan

Publisher: Dr Nandkishor Chandan

Published: 2021-07-19

Total Pages: 167

ISBN-13:

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This book entitled “OXIDATION AND REDUCTION REAGENTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS” has been particularly addressed to the graduate and postgraduate students who have opted for the Organic Chemistry study course as per the UGC syllabus. This book is equally useful for those students who are preparing for the NET-JRF-CSIR, SET, SLET, GATE, NET-ICAR and other competitive examinations like MPSC and UPSC. This book includes two volumes which divided into four chapters as volume-I cover oxidation and volume-II covers reduction in which general methods of preparations, synthetic applications and mechanism is discussed in details with different sets of examples. The large numbers of problems with solutions have been included at the end of each reagent discussions and covering the questions asked in different universities and competitive examinations. The organic synthesis is one of the most important branch of chemical science which wide exploited in the architecture of organic molecules with high biological significance.

Low-temperature Combustion and Autoignition

Low-temperature Combustion and Autoignition PDF

Author: M.J. Pilling

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 1997-11-27

Total Pages: 823

ISBN-13: 0080535658

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Combustion has played a central role in the development of our civilization which it maintains today as its predominant source of energy. The aim of this book is to provide an understanding of both fundamental and applied aspects of low-temperature combustion chemistry and autoignition. The topic is rooted in classical observational science and has grown, through an increasing understanding of the linkage of the phenomenology to coupled chemical reactions, to quite profound advances in the chemical kinetics of both complex and elementary reactions. The driving force has been both the intrinsic interest of an old and intriguing phenomenon and the centrality of its applications to our economic prosperity. The volume provides a coherent view of the subject while, at the same time, each chapter is self-contained.

Analysis of Kinetic Reaction Mechanisms

Analysis of Kinetic Reaction Mechanisms PDF

Author: Tamás Turányi

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-12-29

Total Pages: 369

ISBN-13: 366244562X

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Chemical processes in many fields of science and technology, including combustion, atmospheric chemistry, environmental modelling, process engineering, and systems biology, can be described by detailed reaction mechanisms consisting of numerous reaction steps. This book describes methods for the analysis of reaction mechanisms that are applicable in all these fields. Topics addressed include: how sensitivity and uncertainty analyses allow the calculation of the overall uncertainty of simulation results and the identification of the most important input parameters, the ways in which mechanisms can be reduced without losing important kinetic and dynamic detail, and the application of reduced models for more accurate engineering optimizations. This monograph is invaluable for researchers and engineers dealing with detailed reaction mechanisms, but is also useful for graduate students of related courses in chemistry, mechanical engineering, energy and environmental science and biology.

Vanguard Satellite Spin-reduction Mechanism

Vanguard Satellite Spin-reduction Mechanism PDF

Author: Robert C. Baumann

Publisher:

Published: 1961

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13:

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The Cloud Cover Satellite flown in Vanguard vehicles SLV-3 and SLV-4 required a spin rate of 55 r.p.m. when entering orbit. Since the third-stage rocket was spin-stabilized in flight, and because other considerations required that the satellite remain attached long enough to acquire more than the desired 55 r.p.m., a satellite spin-reduction mechanism was developed. Although the mechanisms functioned properly in both flights, the desired spin rate was not achieved owing to uncontrollable flight effects. These effects make the prediction of satellite spin rates after a long pre-separation coasting period extremely difficult. To meet future requirements a control system is needed which can orient a payload according to a predetermined scheme and maintain that orientation for the desired period.

Dynamical Processes on Complex Networks

Dynamical Processes on Complex Networks PDF

Author: Alain Barrat

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2012-10-11

Total Pages: 361

ISBN-13: 9781107626256

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The availability of large data sets have allowed researchers to uncover complex properties such as large scale fluctuations and heterogeneities in many networks which have lead to the breakdown of standard theoretical frameworks and models. Until recently these systems were considered as haphazard sets of points and connections. Recent advances have generated a vigorous research effort in understanding the effect of complex connectivity patterns on dynamical phenomena. For example, a vast number of everyday systems, from the brain to ecosystems, power grids and the Internet, can be represented as large complex networks. This new and recent account presents a comprehensive explanation of these effects.

The Chemistry and Mechanism of Art Materials

The Chemistry and Mechanism of Art Materials PDF

Author: Michael J. Malin

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2021-12-28

Total Pages: 202

ISBN-13: 1000507742

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This unique book presents an integrated approach to the chemistry of art materials, exploring the many chemical processes involved. The Chemistry and Mechanism of Art Materials: Unsuspected Properties and Outcomes engages readers with historical vignettes detailing examples of unexpected outcomes due to materials used by known artists. The book discusses artists’ materials focusing on relevant chemical mechanisms which underlie the synthesis and deterioration of inorganic pigments in paintings, the ageing of the binder in oil paintings, and sulfation of wall paintings as well as the toxicology of these pigments and solvents used by artists. Mechanisms illustrate the stepwise structural transformation of a variety of art materials. Based on the author’s years of experience teaching college chemistry, the approach is descriptive and non-mathematical throughout. An introductory section includes a review of basic concepts and provides concise descriptions of analytical methods used in contemporary art conservation. Additional features include: Illustrations of chemical reactivity associated with art materials Includes a review of chemical bonding principles, redox and mechanism writing Covers analytical techniques used by art conservation scientists Accessible for readers with a limited science background Provides numerous references for readers seeking additional information

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