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Rebuilding Somalia

Author: War-torn Societies Project

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 400

ISBN-13:

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Includes statistics.

Somalia Between Jihad and Restoration

Author: Shaul Shay

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-07-05

Total Pages: 213

ISBN-13: 1351488805

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Since 1991 Somalia has been defined as a failing state, one that lacks an effective central government. The vacuum of power in Somalia, in turn, enabled Al Qaida and other radical Islamic organizations to find allies and refuge in there. Shay's account shows how the presence of radical Islamic entities in the area, alongside local problems and conflicts, has turned Somalia into a focal point in the global war against terror. On June 5, 2006, the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) declared victory in its struggle against the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter Terrorism (ARPCT), a coalition of U.S. backed warlords. Shortly after their victory announcement, the ICU implemented a Taliban-style radical Islamic rule. The rule of the ICU was brief. In December 2006 they were defeated by a coalition of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and Ethiopian forces. In spite of the ICU's defeat, internal conflict in Somalia between the ICU and the interim government of Somalia (TFG), backed by Ethiopia, is still far from concluded. Shay shows how the internal conflict may spill over into other nations, creating a larger regional theater of Jihad. He also provides some ideas on how to prevent the foundation of a new radical Islamic state that could become a haven of the Islamic terror in the Horn of Africa. This volume is instructive in demonstrating the consequences of destabilisation. It will be of interest to foreign policy analysts, regional specialists, and strategists in the war against terror.

The Political Future of Somalia

Author: Abdi Awaleh Jama

Publisher: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research

Published: 2009-07-02

Total Pages: 14

ISBN-13: 9948141709

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No-one can attempt to predict the political future of a country except through the examination of its recent past and current situation. Somalia stands as a nation divided by former colonial powers and a country born on July 1, 1960, as an orphan state within a hostile environment and without recognized boundaries with its neighbors. It is this predicament that symbolizes Somalia and its multifaceted problems. Today, deeply entrenched tribalism stands as a major impediment to the rebuilding of the country, supported by rampant external interference in Somalia’s internal affairs and facilitated by warlords, clan leaders and so-called “intellectuals” who utilize tribalism for self-serving, opportunistic ends. In summary, this is the real tragedy of Somalia. However, hope survives in the two peaceful regions of Northern Somalia. The way forward is the eventual reunification of all Somali factions and the emergence of a nationalist leader capable of taking on this daunting task. The dream of rebuilding a country and a nation does not happen over night, but is the achievement of subsequent generations and requires collective endeavors. Accordingly, four major issues significant to the rebuilding of the Somali state are discussed. These are: The role of clans in Somalia’s future politics; The competing and conflicting interpretations of different Islamic schools and their impact on Somalia; The role of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG); and The challenges confronting the TFG, the African Union (AU) and the international community in developing Somalia’s security and national economy.

Rebuilding Somalia

Author: War-torn Societies Project

Publisher:

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 34

ISBN-13:

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Somalia

Author: Terrence Lyons

Publisher: Brookings Institution Press

Published: 2010-12-01

Total Pages: 116

ISBN-13: 9780815720256

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The multilateral military intervention in Somalia was one of the international community's first major attempts to respond to a dangerous new challenge in the post-cold war era—the problem of state collapse and social disintegration. Catastrophes such as Somalia reach public attention as humanitarian emergencies, but the underlying causes are the disintegration of political institutions and the resulting chaos and insecurity. Given the challenges inherent in such political crises, can the international community respond effectively to encourage political reconciliation and the rehabilitation of governing institutions? This book suggests that the international community ignored clear warning signs in Somalia and missed several opportunities to use diplomacy to prevent state collapse. As a result, the destruction of the state became more complete and the difficulties in rebuilding a viable system more demanding. When the United States and the United Nations finally intervened militarily in 1992, they focused on the humanitarian aspects of the emergency, thereby limiting their ability to act on the core political and security dimensions. This book shows how lessons learned in Somalia will shape international responses in future cases. It details the deep- rooted social, political, and economic processes that led to the decomposition of the state in the early 1990s; analyzes the attempts by the international community to encourage political reconciliation; and offers guidelines for policymakers.

Somalia and Operation Restore Hope

Author: John L. Hirsch

Publisher:

Published: 1995

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13:

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"Somalia" has become a symbol for the unacceptable costs of humanitarian intervention, for the type of foreign involvement that should be avoided. But the authors of this timely book, themselves key participants in the U.S.-led operation there, argue that substantial good was done--the tide of famine was stayed, hundreds of thousands of lives saved, and steps toward political reconciliation begun. Despite the recent renewal of political violence, the humanitarian situation remains stable. In launching Operation Restore Hope, the multinational coalition faced a complex, tense, and rapidly unfolding situation. The authors detail how the carefully limited mission achieved its goals, including mutual understanding with the Somalis, by combining political, military, and humanitarian actions. But the authors also describe how different U.S. and UN concepts of the mission and subsequent changes in the mission's scope led almost inevitably to confrontation. Hirsch and Oakley raise fundamental questions about how to conduct such operations, and in particular about the limitations of peacekeepers in nation building. Drawing lessons from Vietnam and Lebanon as well as more recent operations, the authors provide an analysis that will help policymakers and scholars as they debate the future of peacekeeping.