Quantum Measurements and Decoherence

Quantum Measurements and Decoherence PDF

Author: M. Mensky

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 238

ISBN-13: 9401595666

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Quantum measurement (Le., a measurement which is sufficiently precise for quantum effects to be essential) was always one of the most impor tant points in quantum mechanics because it most evidently revealed the difference between quantum and classical physics. Now quantum measure ment is again under active investigation, first of all because of the practical necessity of dealing with highly precise and complicated measurements. The nature of quantum measurement has become understood much bet ter during this new period of activity, the understanding being expressed by the concept of decoherence. This term means a physical process lead ing from a pure quantum state (wave function) of the system prior to the measurement to its state after the measurement which includes classical elements. More concretely, decoherence occurs as a result of the entangle ment of the measured system with its environment and results in the loss of phase relations between components of the wave function of the measured system. Decoherence is essentially nothing else than quantum measurement, but considered from the point of view of its physical mechanism and resolved in time. The present book is devoted to the two concepts of quantum measure ment and decoherence and to their interrelation, especially in the context of continuous quantum measurement.

Quantum Measurements and Decoherence

Quantum Measurements and Decoherence PDF

Author: M. Mensky

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2000-03-31

Total Pages: 252

ISBN-13: 9780792362272

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Quantum measurement (Le., a measurement which is sufficiently precise for quantum effects to be essential) was always one of the most impor tant points in quantum mechanics because it most evidently revealed the difference between quantum and classical physics. Now quantum measure ment is again under active investigation, first of all because of the practical necessity of dealing with highly precise and complicated measurements. The nature of quantum measurement has become understood much bet ter during this new period of activity, the understanding being expressed by the concept of decoherence. This term means a physical process lead ing from a pure quantum state (wave function) of the system prior to the measurement to its state after the measurement which includes classical elements. More concretely, decoherence occurs as a result of the entangle ment of the measured system with its environment and results in the loss of phase relations between components of the wave function of the measured system. Decoherence is essentially nothing else than quantum measurement, but considered from the point of view of its physical mechanism and resolved in time. The present book is devoted to the two concepts of quantum measure ment and decoherence and to their interrelation, especially in the context of continuous quantum measurement.

Decoherence and Quantum Measurements

Decoherence and Quantum Measurements PDF

Author: Mikio Namiki

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 1998-02-10

Total Pages: 240

ISBN-13: 9814497630

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The quantum measurement problem is one of the most fascinating and challenging topics in physics both theoretically and experimentally. It involves deep questions and the use of very sophisticated and elegant techniques. After analyzing the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics and of the Copenhagen interpretation, this book reviews the most important approaches to the measurement problem and rigorously reformulates the “collapse of the wave function” by measurement, as a dephasing process quantitatively characterized by an order parameter (called the decoherence parameter), according to the many-Hilbert-space approach to the problem. The book deals not only with the measurement processes (including imperfect measurements) but also with related interference and mesoscopic phenomena — by means of general arguments — of solvable models and of numerical simulations. The quantum Zeno effect and the issue of irreversibility are also discussed. Contents:General and Historical SurveyElements of Quantum MechanicsCritical Review of Measurement TheoriesThe Many-Hilbert-Space TheorySolvable Detector ModelsNeutron InterferometryNumerical Simulations of Measurement ProcessesQuantum Zeno EffectQuantum Dephasing by Chaos Readership: Physicists interested in the foundations of quantum theory. keywords:Decoherence;Irreversibility;Quantum Zeno Effect;Quantum Measurements;Environment;Classical Properties;Mesoscopic Systems;Time Evolutions;Projection Postulate;Collapse of the Wave Function “… considerable background material is given, allowing the volume to serve general educational and reference purposes as well. I can recommend it to anyone wanting an orientation to quantum measurement theory and, in particular, wanting to focus on the Many Hilbert Space Theory.” Foundations of Physics “The book may be useful both for students and experts.” Zentralblatt MATH

Quantum Measurement and Control

Quantum Measurement and Control PDF

Author: Howard M. Wiseman

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 477

ISBN-13: 0521804426

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Modern quantum measurement for graduate students and researchers in quantum information, quantum metrology, quantum control and related fields.

Decoherence and the Appearance of a Classical World in Quantum Theory

Decoherence and the Appearance of a Classical World in Quantum Theory PDF

Author: Domenico Giulini

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-14

Total Pages: 371

ISBN-13: 3662032635

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Decoherence, a concept known only to few physicists when the first edition appeared in 1996, has since become firmly established experimentally and understood theoretically, as well as widely reported in the literature. The major consequences of decoherence are the emergence of "classicality" in general, superselection rules, the border line between microscopic and macroscopic behavior in molecules and field theory, the emergence of classical spacetime, and the appearance of quantum jumps. The most important new developments in this rapidly evolving field are included in the second edition of this book, which has become a standard reference on the subject. All chapters have been thoroughly revised and updated. New fields of application now addressed span chaos theory, quantum information, neuroscience, primordial fluctuations in cosmology, black holes and string theory, experimental tests, and interpretational issues. While the major part of the book is concerned with environmental decoherence derived from a universal Schrödinger equation, later chapters address related or competing methods, such as consistent histories, open system dynamics, algebraic approaches, and collapse models.

Decoherence

Decoherence PDF

Author: Maximilian A. Schlosshauer

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-07-28

Total Pages: 428

ISBN-13: 3540357750

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This detailed, accessible introduction to the field of quantum decoherence reviews the basics and then explains the essential consequences of the phenomenon for our understanding of the world. The discussion includes, among other things: How the classical world of our experience can emerge from quantum mechanics; the implications of decoherence for various interpretations of quantum mechanics; recent experiments confirming the puzzling consequences of the quantum superposition principle and making decoherence processes directly observable.

Decoherence and Its Implications in Quantum Computation and Information Transfer

Decoherence and Its Implications in Quantum Computation and Information Transfer PDF

Author: Tony Gonis

Publisher: IOS Press

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 380

ISBN-13: 9781586032111

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Decoherence is the physical process by which the classical world - the world of common sense - emerges from its quantum underpinnings. This physical process refers to the loss of phase coherence between the parts of a quantum system, because of the interaction of the system with the environment.

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