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The Composition of Public Expenditure and Growth: A Small-Scale Intertemporal Model for Low-Income Countries

Author: Emmanuel Pinto Moreira

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 74

ISBN-13:

This paper presents a small-scale intertemporal model of endogenous growth that accounts for the composition of public expenditure and externalities associated with public capital. Government spending is disaggregated into various components, including maintenance, security, and investment in education, health, and core infrastructure. After studying its long-run properties, the model is calibrated for Haiti, using country-specific information as well as parameter estimates from the literature. A variety of policy experiments are then reported, including a reallocation of spending aimed at creating fiscal space to promote public investment; an improvement in fiscal management that leads to a reduction in tax collection costs; higher spending on security; and a composite fiscal package.

Public expenditure’s role in reducing poverty and improving food and nutrition security: Preliminary cross-country insights based on SPEED data

Author: Takeshima, Hiroyuki

Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst

Published: 2021-11-02

Total Pages: 35

ISBN-13:

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Public expenditures (PE), their sizes, and allocations across sectors, are some of the important instruments for the public sector to contribute toward sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, knowledge gaps remain as to how PEs have actually contributed to key SDG outcomes in the past, including the eradication of poverty and hunger, and the improvement in food and nutrition security in sustainable manners (SDGs 1 and 2). This study aims to partly fill this knowledge gap using the Statistics on Public Expenditures for Economic Development (SPEED data) and various country-level panel data. We find that PEs in different sectors have been significantly associated with key indicators under SDGs 1 and 2. Specifically, greater PEs for agriculture and health sectors have had relatively positive effects on total factor productivity growth in agriculture, reduced consumer food price indices, reduced poverty, reduced stunting, underweight or overweight among children under 5. A greater PE for agriculture has also been weakly associated with enhanced biodiversity. These relationships are observed for a broad class of countries, but somewhat stronger for countries that had been classified as low- or lower-middle-income in 2000. Greater PEs for education and social protection, which have been generally higher than PEs for agriculture and health, have had more mixed effects on these outcomes. While continued analyses are required to better understand the complex linkages between PE and these outcomes, the current study offers useful preliminary insights.

Public Expenditure Handbook

Author: Mr.Ke-young Chu

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 1991-09-15

Total Pages: 196

ISBN-13: 9781557752222

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This handbook, edited by Ke-young Chu and Richard Hemming, offers guidance to officials formulating public policy recommendations, so that the aggregate level of public spending conforms with the economy's overall resource capacity. The handbook looks at the impact of public spending on the efficiency of resource use and explores the basis for distinguishing between productive and unproductive spending.

Government Expenditure, Growth and Poverty Reduction

Author: Ernest Simeon Odior

Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing

Published: 2011-10

Total Pages: 292

ISBN-13: 9783844383546

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This study examines the likely impact of government expenditure policy on long run growth and poverty, in both rural and urban Nigeria, drawing on insights from research on some sectors in the Nigerian economy on the direct and indirect links between government spending, growth and poverty reduction. The main objective is to simulate if government expenditure in priority areas would help to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) of the United Nations. The study used an integrated sequential dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) micro-simulation model to study the potential impact of increasing government expenditure on growth and poverty reduction. The results of experiments indicate that it will be extremely difficult for Nigeria to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) target, in terms of poverty reduction by the year 2015, because no single policy measure in the analysis is able to meet this goal. This study therefore recommends that in order to promote economic growth and reduce poverty, investment in education and health services should receive the highest priority in the public investment portfolio.

Public Expenditures, Growth, and Poverty

Author: Fan, Shenggen

Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst

Published: 2008-05-11

Total Pages: 270

ISBN-13: 080188859X

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Public Expenditures, Growth, and Poverty assesses the efficacy of poverty reduction programs in Latin America, Africa, and Asia by synthesizing studies conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute over the past ten years. Overall, the studies find that investments in agricultural research, infrastructure, and human capital are beneficial in the long term, while food aid and poverty reduction programs have little utility beyond immediately abating hunger and generating short-run income effects. The book develops a conceptual framework for analyzing public expenditures and their short- and long-run impact on poverty through various channels. It surveys spending trends and analyzes the effect of growing public investment on urban and rural poverty through case studies of India, China, Thailand, and Uganda. And it highlights the advantages of directing spending toward public works programs that engage impoverished peoples rather than using the limited aid money on food subsidies and other passive donations. Featuring discussions about the roles of various social safety net programs and a chapter devoted solely to the vexing poverty in sub-Saharan Africa, Public Expenditures, Growth, and Poverty will aid policy makers and encourage further, more analytic study of worldwide poverty reduction programs.

Subnational public expenditures, short-term household-level welfare, and economic resilience: Evidence from Nigeria

Author: Takeshima, Hiroyuki

Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst

Published: 2021-10-19

Total Pages: 35

ISBN-13:

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Public expenditures (PE) are critical for key public sector functions that contribute to development and welfare improvements, including the provisions of necessary public goods and the mitigation of market failures. PE in social sectors, such as health, education, and social welfare, and in agriculture have been increasingly recognized as potentially important for income growth, poverty reduction, fostering increased private investment, improved nutritional outcomes, and greater economic resilience. Furthermore, the importance of the impact of subnational PE on these outcomes has also been recognized, as appropriately decentralized PE systems can potentially achieve greater effectiveness by enabling public sector support that is tailored more to local needs. However, direct evidence of these developmental effects of decentralized PE in developing countries like Nigeria has been relatively limited. This study attempts to fill this knowledge gap by estimating the effects of shares of total subnational PE for agriculture, health, education, and social welfare, as well as PE size, on household-level outcomes using nationally-representative panel household data and both local government area and higher state-level PE data for Nigeria. We find that greater shares of total PE for agriculture, health, and social welfare, conditional on PE size, generally have positive effects on consumption, poverty reduction, and non-farm business capital investments. A greater share of total PE for agriculture benefits a broader range of outcomes than do greater shares of total PE for health and social welfare. These include improving certain nutritional outcomes, like household dietary diversity across seasons, and economic flexibility between farm and non-farm activities, which may be particularly important for building resilience in today’s rapidly changing socioeconomic environment due to shocks, including COVID19. Such multi-dimensional benefits of greater PE for agriculture are particularly worthy of attention in countries like Nigeria, which have historically allocated a lower share of total PE to agriculture than to health and other social welfare sectors and a lower share of total PE to agriculture compared to that allocated to agriculture in similar countries in Africa and elsewhere.

Creating Fiscal Space for Poverty Reduction in Ecuador

Author:

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2005-01-01

Total Pages: 283

ISBN-13: 0821362569

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This publication reviews Ecuador's fiscal management and public expenditure policies in the context of its development and poverty reduction goals. Findings include that the country's impressive fiscal performance of 2003 is encouraging but fragile, as several structural bottlenecks could impede fiscal discipline and recovery. Reversing poverty trends is critical for the country's stability, and this can only be achieved with well-targeted, effective and efficient pro-poor programmes.