Managing Health Effects of Beryllium Exposure

Managing Health Effects of Beryllium Exposure PDF

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2008-10-29

Total Pages: 186

ISBN-13: 0309125324

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Beryllium is a lightweight metal that is used for its exceptional strength and high heat-absorbing capability. Beryllium and its alloys can be found in many important technologies in the defense and aeronautics industries, such as nuclear devices, satellite systems, radar systems, and aircraft bushings and bearings. Pulmonary disease associated with exposure to beryllium has been recognized and studied since the early 1940s, and an occupational guideline for limiting exposure to beryllium has been in place since 1949. Over the last few decades, much has been learned about chronic beryllium disease and factors that contribute to its occurrence in exposed people. Despite reduced workplace exposure, chronic beryllium disease continues to occur. Those developments have led to debates about the adequacy of the long-standing occupational exposure limit for protecting worker health. This book, requested by the U.S. Air Force to help to determine the steps necessary to protect its workforce from the effects of beryllium used in military aerospace applications, reviews the scientific literature on beryllium and outlines an exposure and disease management program for its protecting workers.

Beryllium Health and Safety Guide

Beryllium Health and Safety Guide PDF

Author: International Labour Organisation

Publisher:

Published: 1990

Total Pages: 40

ISBN-13:

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Published by the WHO for the International Programme on Chemical Safety (a collaborative programme of the UNEP, ILO, and the WHO). This is a companion volume to Environmental Health Criteria 106: Beryllium

The Beryllium Oxide Manufacturing Process

The Beryllium Oxide Manufacturing Process PDF

Author: American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Publisher: Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers(IEEE)

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 168

ISBN-13:

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The approved mission for the Beryllium Manufacturing Facility (BeMF) is to protect worker health and safety while providing capability for manufacturing BeO parts and components to support the enduring stockpile weapon systems for the near future. Current BeO manufacturing facilities at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) rely primarily on administrative controls to protect worker health and safety. The BeMF must: 1)maintain the production campability; and 2)provide the rigorous worker protection required by DOE Regulations dealing with the Chronic Beryllium Disease Prevention Program. top of page Accordingly, the new facility is deemed critical to the national defense because of its role in supporting the Stockpile Stewardship Program as carried out through Stockpile Life Extension Programs. When validated, the BeMF must meet the needs for BeO parts in support of the SMCP as required by the Special Materials Capabilities Program Requirements Document (PRD) of the DOE. The BeMF must comply with the latest DOE Chronic Beryllium Disease Prevention Program by using state-of-the-art equipment facilities. The detailed production requirements, schedules, and interface projects to meet BeO needs stated in the PRD are described in the SMCP Program Implementation Plan for beryllium manufacturing, DOE?ORO-2114. top of page

Beryllium and Beryllium Compounds

Beryllium and Beryllium Compounds PDF

Author: Robert M. Bruce

Publisher:

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 82

ISBN-13:

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In this volume are assessed the risks to human health and the environment of Beryllium, found in the earth's crust at an average concentration of approximately 2.8-5.0 mg/kg. Beryllium-containing minerals are processed to beryllium metal, beryllium alloys, and beryllium oxide for use in aerospace, weapons, nuclear and electronics industries. The general population is exposed to beryllium primarily in food and drinking-water, with smaller contributions from air and incidental ingestion of dust. There are no human studies addressing the toxicokinetics of beryllium or beryllium compounds; however, beryllium has been found in the lungs and urine of non-occupationally exposed individuals. There are no reliable data on the oral toxicity of beryllium in humans. The lungs are the primary target of inhalation exposure to beryllium in animals and humans. Short-term or repeated exposures of humans to beryllium or its compounds can result in an acute or chronic form of lung disease. Increases in lung cancer mortality were observed in cohort mortality studies of beryllium processing workers.

Beryllium Chemistry and Processing

Beryllium Chemistry and Processing PDF

Author: Kenneth A. Walsh

Publisher: ASM International

Published: 2009-01-01

Total Pages: 592

ISBN-13: 0871707217

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This book introduces beryllium; its history, its chemical, mechanical, and physical properties including nuclear properties. The 29 chapters include the mineralogy of beryllium and the preferred global sources of ore bodies. The identification and specifics of the industrial metallurgical processes used to form oxide from the ore and then metal from the oxide are thoroughly described. The special features of beryllium chemistry are introduced, including analytical chemical practices. Beryllium compounds of industrial interest are identified and discussed. Alloying, casting, powder processing, forming, metal removal, joining and other manufacturing processes are covered. The effect of composition and process on the mechanical and physical properties of beryllium alloys assists the reader in material selection. The physical metallurgy chapter brings conformity between chemical and physical metallurgical processing of beryllium, metal, alloys, and compounds. The environmental degradation of beryllium and its alloys both in aqueous and high temperature condition are presented. The health and environmental issues are thoroughly presented the current requirements and established practices for handling beryllium in the workplace are available. A thorough list of references will assist the user of this book.

Managing Materials for a Twenty-first Century Military

Managing Materials for a Twenty-first Century Military PDF

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2008-03-26

Total Pages: 206

ISBN-13: 0309177928

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Since 1939, the U.S. government, using the National Defense Stockpile (NDS), has been stockpiling critical strategic materials for national defense. The economic and national security environments, however, have changed significantly from the time the NDS was created. Current threats are more varied, production and processing of key materials is more globally dispersed, the global competition for raw materials is increasing, the U.S. military is more dependent on civilian industry, and industry depends far more on just-in-time inventory control. To help determine the significance of these changes for the strategic materials stockpile, the Department of Defense asked the NRC to assess the continuing need for and value of the NDS. This report begins with the historical context of the NDS. It then presents a discussion of raw-materials and minerals supply, an examination of changing defense planning and materials needs, an analysis of modern tools used to manage materials supply chains, and an assessment of current operational practices of the NDS.

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