Evidence-Based Public Health

Evidence-Based Public Health PDF

Author: Ross C. Brownson

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2010-12-03

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13: 0199826528

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There are at least three ways in which a public health program or policy may not reach stated goals for success: 1) Choosing an intervention approach whose effectiveness is not established in the scientific literature; 2) Selecting a potentially effective program or policy yet achieving only weak, incomplete implementation or "reach," thereby failing to attain objectives; 3) Conducting an inadequate or incorrect evaluation that results in a lack of generalizable knowledge on the effectiveness of a program or policy; and 4) Paying inadequate attention to adapting an intervention to the population and context of interest To enhance evidence-based practice, this book addresses all four possibilities and attempts to provide practical guidance on how to choose, carry out, and evaluate evidence-based programs and policies in public health settings. It also begins to address a fifth, overarching need for a highly trained public health workforce. This book deals not only with finding and using scientific evidence, but also with implementation and evaluation of interventions that generate new evidence on effectiveness. Because all these topics are broad and require multi-disciplinary skills and perspectives, each chapter covers the basic issues and provides multiple examples to illustrate important concepts. In addition, each chapter provides links to the diverse literature and selected websites for readers wanting more detailed information. An indispensable volume for professionals, students, and researchers in the public health sciences and preventative medicine, this new and updated edition of Evidence-Based Public Health aims to bridge research and evidence with policies and the practice of public health.

Bone Densitometry and Osteoporosis

Bone Densitometry and Osteoporosis PDF

Author: Harry K. Genant

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 562

ISBN-13: 3642804403

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The diagnosis of osteoporosis and the determination of fracture risk has always been a challenge for radiologists, epidemiologists, and clinicians as well as oth er researchers and health care professionals working in the field. It is bone min eral density that is closely related to bone fragility, and the advent of techniques to quantitatively assess bone density has been welcomed. It has reduced the sub jectivity inherent to conventional radiologic assessment of osteoporosis. The on going technical process has made various techJ)iques to assess bone density wide ly available. However, these measurement techniques have also incurred some crit icism because bone densitometry has sometimes been applied without specific indications and without appropriate clinical ramifications. The purpose of this text is to provide a perspective on the current status of bone densitometry and ist relevance to osteoporosis diagnosis and management. Therefore, this book will give the reader an introduction to the nature of osteo porosis, its pathophysiology and epidemiology, and the clinical consequences of performing bone densitometry. Aside from standard bone densitometry, newer technologies such as quantitative ultrasound techniques, magnetic resonance imaging and bone structure analysis are discussed in the context of diagnosing osteoporosis.

Global Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Global Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Chronic Respiratory Diseases PDF

Author: World Health Organization

Publisher: World Health Organization

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 156

ISBN-13: 924156346X

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Chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kill more than 4 million people every year, and affect hundreds of millions more. These diseases erode the health and well-being of the patients and have a negative impact on families and societies. This report raises awareness of the huge impact of chronic respiratory diseases worldwide, and highlights the risk factors as well as ways to prevent and treat these diseases.

The Oxford Handbook of the History of Psychology: Global Perspectives

The Oxford Handbook of the History of Psychology: Global Perspectives PDF

Author: David B. Baker

Publisher: OUP USA

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 662

ISBN-13: 0195366557

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The science and practice of psychology has evolved around the world on different trajectories and timelines, yet with a convergence on the recognition of the need for a human science that can confront the challenges facing the world today. Few would argue that the standard narrative of the history of psychology has emphasized European and American traditions over others, but in today's global culture, there is a greater need in psychology for international understanding. This volume describes the historical development of psychology in countries throughout the world. Contributors provide narratives that examine the political and socioeconomic forces that have shaped their nations' psychologies. Each unique story adds another element to our understanding of the history of psychology. The chapters in this volume remind us that there are unique contexts and circumstances that influence the ways in which the science and practice of psychology are assimilated into our daily lives. Making these contexts and circumstances explicit through historical research and writing provides some promise of greater international insight, as well as a better understanding of the human condition.

Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis

Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis PDF

Author: Barbara J. Bain

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2020-02-28

Total Pages: 448

ISBN-13: 1119579996

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An updated, essential guide for the laboratory diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders This revised and updated third edition of Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis offers a comprehensive review of the practical information needed for an understanding of the laboratory diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders. Written in a concise and approachable format, the book includes an overview of clinical and laboratory features of these disorders. The author focuses on the selection, performance, and interpretation of the tests that are offered by the majority of diagnostic laboratories. The book also explains when more specialist tests are required and explores what specialist referral centres will accomplish. The information on diagnosis is set in a clinical context. The third edition is written by a leading haematologist with a reputation for educational excellence. Designed as a practical resource, the book is filled with illustrative examples and helpful questions that can aide in the retention of the material presented. Additionally, the author includes information on the most recent advances in the field. This important text: • Contains a practical, highly illustrated, approach to the laboratory diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders • Includes “test-yourself” questions and provides an indispensable tool for learning and teaching • Presents new material on antenatal screening/prenatal diagnostic services • Offers myriad self-assessment case studies that are ideal for the trainee Written for trainees and residents in haematology, practicing haematologists, and laboratory scientists, Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis is an essential reference and learning tool that provides a clear basis for understanding the diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders.

Teaching Patients with Low Literacy Skills

Teaching Patients with Low Literacy Skills PDF

Author: Cecilia Conrath Doak

Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Published: 1996

Total Pages: 212

ISBN-13: 9780397551613

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This practical text guides the reader in developing the necessary tools for teaching those patients with limited literacy skills. Nurses will learn proven strategies for evaluating comprehension and teaching patients using written materials, tapes, video, computer aided instruction, visuals, and graphics. An abundance of case studies helps to demonstrate the application of teaching/learning theory to actual practice. Readers will also explore literacy issues in health care as well as the cultural impact on comprehension.

Hormonal Therapy for Male Sexual Dysfunction

Hormonal Therapy for Male Sexual Dysfunction PDF

Author: Mario Maggi

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2012-01-30

Total Pages: 144

ISBN-13: 047065760X

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Hormonal therapy offers a potentially powerful approach to the treatment of sexual disorders in men. However the interplay of different hormones within different bodily systems is carefully balanced; judicious judgement is required in the therapeutic use of hormones to minimize unwelcome side effects. A better understanding of how hormones work will help the physician to better tailor therapies for improved sexual responses in men. Hormonal Therapy for Male Sexual Dysfunction will provide the rationale for hormonal therapy in male sexual disorders, explaining the language of sexual endocrinology and its application in clinical practice. The aim of this book is to provide a clinical 'in the office' or 'at the bedside' guide to effective patient care for sexual medicine physicians, urologists, gynecologists and other health-care providers in practice and in training. The tone will be practical, not academic. The working assumption is that readers want to know what (and what not) might or should be done, without over emphasis on the why. That said, it is important to review the crucial basic science necessary for effective diagnosis and management, and to provide reminders in the context of the practical chapters. It will not be heavily referenced, in line with a more practical approach. This allows for smoother reading (and also relieves the burden of comprehensive citing from authors). Key evidence (clinical trials, Cochrane or other meta analyses) should be summarized in 'Evidence at a Glance' boxes and key references such as reviews, major papers can be provided in the ‘selected bibliography’ at the end of each chapter. Practical guidance will be provided through: the use of algorithms and guidelines where they are appropriate 'Tips and Tricks' boxes – hints on improving outcomes perhaps via practical technique, patient questioning etc 'Caution' warning boxes – hints on avoiding problems, perhaps via contraindications 'Science Revisited' – quick reminder of the basic science principles necessary for understanding